ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
In vitro anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity of Drymoglossum piloselloides L. Presl. against several fungi responsible for Athlete’s foot and common pathogenic bacteria
M. N. Somchit1*, H. Hassan1, A. Zuraini1, L. C. Chong2, Z. Mohamed2 and Z. A. Zakaria1
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
2Sports Academy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Accepted 19 April, 2019
Abstract
Drymoglossum piloselloides (DP) is a small epiphytic fern commonly seen on trunks of older trees. The antimicrobial activity of water, ethanol and chloroform extracts of DP was tested against Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 40051 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 40004 which are the two most commonly cause of Athlete’s foot, Candida albicans ATCC 14053, Candida tropicalis ATCC 14056, Microsporum canis (clinical isolate) and Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 14109. The chloroform and ethanol extracts only had mild activity against the Trichophyton spp. and the water extract was devoid of any activity. The anti-fungal activity was statistically less potent than griseofulvin and fluconazole or itraconazole. The anti-bacterial activity of DP extracts was also tested against four bacterial strains using the disc diffusion and microdilution methods. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella enteritidis (clinical isolates). The antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria was detected only in water extract minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 12.5 mg/ml against S. aureus. The minimum bactericidal concentrations of 25 mg/ml against S. aureus. This antimicrobial activity was compared to standard antibiotics (ampicillin and chloramphenicol). The water extract had statistically less potent anti-bacterial activity when compared to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. The anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity of DP was minimal this may be due to the testing of crude extracts. Future studies of purified or semi purified samples may produce better results and may potentially be used in the treatment of Athlete’s foot and the related secondary bacterial infections.
Key words: Drymoglossum piloselloides, antifungal, antibacterial, in vitro.
M. N. Somchit*, H. Hassan, L. C. Chong, Z. Mohamed and Z. A. Zakaria, A. Zuraini
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-009, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Osmoadaptation and plant growth promotion by salt tolerant bacteria under salt stress
Aisha Waheed Qurashi* and Anjum Nasim Sabri
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
Accepted 16 March, 2019
Abstract
Establishment of biofilm, production of exopolysacharides (EPS) and accumulation of endogenous osmolytes under varying stress conditions are significant strategies adopted by bacterial strains for their successful survival in plant rhizosphere. Our studies focus on determining the osmoadaptation strategies used by two native salt-tolerant strains Oceanobacillus profundus (Pmt2) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (ST1) and their plant growth promoting abilities. The ability of these strains to be used as inoculants for Lens esculenta Var. masoor 93 under salt stress was tested in the laboratory. We found that unlike the bacterial growth, biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide production and endogenous osmolyte (proline and glycine betaine) accumulation increased at higher salt stress. Biofilm formation and endogenous osmolytes increased with increasing salt concentrations. The maximum increase in EPS accumulation was observed at maximum NaCl stress for ST1. Bacterial inoculation improved growth parameters and endogenous osmolytes accumulation of plants under salt stress compared to noninoculated control plants. The ST1 strain in this work efficiently produced biofilm and exopolysacharide and accumulated osmolytes in response to NaCl stress. It could be speculated that these strategies reverse the detrimental effects of high osmolarity in soil and helpful for improving crop under salt stress.
Key words: Biofilm, exopolysaccharide, endogenous osmolytes, Lens esculenta, salinity.
Anjum Nasim Sabri, Aisha Waheed Qurashi*
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antiviral activity of Vit-org, 2-nitromethyl phenol and Thuja extract against eggplant blister mottled virus (EBMV)
Rakib A. Al-Ani, Mustafa A. Adhab* and Kareem A. Hassan
Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
Accepted 18 April, 2019
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is an important vegetable and widely cultivated in polyethylene covered houses in Iraq. A new virus, Eggplant blister mottled virus (EBMV), was isolated in previous study, from naturally infected eggplant and was characterized as potyvirus. The virus is considered now as the most important virus infecting eggplants and causing heavy damage to yields. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three products, Vit-org nutrient, 2-nitromethyl phenol, and Thuja extract on the multiplication of EBMV in eggplants. Results of the study showed that the application of the three products on EBMV-inoculated eggplants at 2.5 and 1 mlL, and 6 gL caused a reduction in ELISA reactions absorbance to 0.073, 0.091, and 0.092, respectively, which reflect a reduction in virus concentration. The application of the products on eggplants at the same concentrations followed by virus inoculation, after 24 h of protecting the plants against virus infection for 18, 10 and 12 days, respectively accompanied by retardation of symptoms development in 26, 16 and 20 days for the three products, respectively. The treated eggplants neither developed visible symptoms nor contained detectable concentrations of virus during these periods. Vit-org nutrient was found to be more efficient in protecting the plants against EBMV in both post and pre-applications.
Key words: Eggplant blister mottled virus (EBMV), eggplant, Thuja extract, Vit-org, 2-nitromethyl phenol.
Mustafa A. Adhab* and Kareem A. Hassan, Rakib A. Al-Ani
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Enzymatic characterization of Malassezia pachydermatis isolates from dogs
Lautert, C.1*, Ferreiro, L.1, Jesus, F. P. K.2, Zanette, R. A.2, Mahl, D. L.2, Alves, S. H.2 and Santurio, J. M.2
1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Setor de Micologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
2Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Accepted 24 March, 2019
Abstract
The yeast Malassezia pachydermatis is part of the normal cutaneous microflora of most homoeothermic vertebrates. However, under certain conditions as high humidity, seborrheic skin, corticotherapy and immunodeficiency, it can become pathogenic and cause dermatopathies. The pathogenic role of the genus Malassezia seems to be related to physical, chemical and immunological disturbances and to the production of enzymes, including lipases, phospholipases and hydrolases. The Api-Zym® system is a semi quantitative method designed for the study of 19 enzymatic activities of tissues, cell suspensions, biological fluids, microorganisms, soil and others. Herein, the use of the Api-Zym system in 30 M. pachydermatis isolates detected the presence of the phosphohydrolases: acid phosphatase and naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase among all isolates, independently of the clinical sign associated to the animal. The knowledge of the enzymatic profile of M. pachydermatis aims to contribute to the comprehension of the role of each enzyme in the pathogeny of this yeast.
Key words: Malassezia pachydermatis, enzymes, Api-Zym®, enzymatic profile, dogs.
D. L, F. P. K, Jesus , Lautert , S. H and Santurio, Ferreiro , Zanette , J. M., C* , R. A, Mahl , Alves , L
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
In vitro assessment of Inula spp. organic extracts for their antifungal activity against some pathogenic and antagonistic fungi
Faten Omezzine1*, Mejda Daami-Remadi3, Asma Rinez1, Afef Ladhari1 and Rabiaa Haouala2
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Amilcar 1054, Tunisia.
2Department of Biological Sciences and Plant Protection, Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott Meriem,
University of Sousse, Chott Meriem 4042, Tunisia.
3Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Regional Center of Research in Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, University of Sousse, Chott Meriem 4042, Tunisia.
Accepted 16 April, 2019
Abstract
Inula viscosa, Inula graveolens and Inula crithmoïdes (Asteraceae) leaf and flower organic extracts (hexane, chloroform and methanol) were assessed for their antifungal activity against two Trichoderma species (Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride) and three formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum. I. viscosa organic extracts showed an important inhibitory activity against all target fungal isolates. Growth inhibition percentage ranged between 17-61, 77-100, and 55-100% in presence of hexane, chloroform and methanol I. viscosa leaf extracts, respectively. Flower organic extracts reduced mycelial growth of all fungi by 32-66, 30-75, and 8-70%, respectively. For I. graveolens, Stem + leaf organic extracts showed more or less important inhibition depending on solvent nature, though, flower organic extracts were found to be the most effective against tested fungi: a total inhibition of growth was recorded with methanol fraction against all target fungi and with hexane fraction against F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis (FOM) and T. viride. In presence of I. crithmoïdes leaf organic extracts, a total growth inhibition was noted with the three extracts against T. harzianum, with hexane and methanol fraction against T. viride and with chloroform fraction against FOM. I. crithmoïdes flower extracts caused a highly significant growth inhibition of about 57-100, 66-100, and 100-100% with hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts, respectively. Therefore, I. viscosa, I. graveolens and I. crithmoïdes could be an important source of biologically active compounds useful for developing environmentally safe antifungal products.
Key words: Antifungal activity, organic extracts, Inula, radial growth.
Asma Rinez, Afef Ladhari and Rabiaa Haouala, Faten Omezzine*, Mejda Daami-Remadi
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and characterization of EST-SSRs in the Ramie
Jian-Hua Chen1, Ming-Bao Luan1, Shu-Feng Song 2, Zi-Zheng Zou1, Xiao-Fei Wang1, Ying Xu1, and Zhi-Min Sun1
1Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key laboratory of Stem-fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha China.
2Institute of subtropical agricultural Chinese academy of science, Changsha, China.
Accepted 22 March, 2019
Abstract
In order to develop the more EST-SSRs, 320 ESTs of ramie from NCBI were analyzed. 76 SSR primer-pairs developed from 320 ESTs were tested among 62 ramie individuals, and 27 SSR loci were polymorphic. Among the 27 primers, the numbers of alleles per locus ranged from two to five, in which 19 primers amplify two alleles, seven primers amplify three alleles, and only one primer amplifies five alleles. Observed heterozygosity (HO) of overall loci among the 27 primer pairs ranged from 0.16 to 0.93 and expected heterozygosity(HE) ranged from 0.21 to 0.66.Of the 27 loci, 14 displayed significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg expectations (P < 0.05). No significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) was detected among the 27 loci. The 27 primers have been used in the ramie molecular linkage map and genetic diversity analysis successfully.
Key words: Microsatellite marker, ramie, EST, EST-SSR.
Zi-Zheng Zou, Xiao-Fei Wang, Shu-Feng Song, Ming-Bao Luan, and Zhi-Min Sun, Ying Xu, Jian-Hua Chen
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