ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bioaccumulation of cesium-137 and cobalt-60 from solid cellulosic-based radioactive waste simulates by Plurotus pulmonarius
Eskander S. B.1*, Abdel Aziz S. M.2 and El-saayed H.2
1Radioisotope Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
2Middle Eastern Regional Radioisotope Centre for the Arab Countries, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Accepted 23 March, 2019
Abstract
Solid cellulose-based radioactive wastes (CBW) constitutes in some cases, about 70% of the total solid low and intermediate level organic wastes originated from peaceful applications of nuclear technology in various fields of our life. Cesium-137 and cobalt-60 represent two of the most important radioisotopes spiking these waste categories. Both are serious contamination concerns due to their high energy gamma ray emitting (Cs-137 = 0.662 MeV and Co-60 = 1.17 and 1.33 MeV), besides 137Cs is considered as one of long-lived isotopes (T1/2 = 30.5 years). In this part of work, laboratory scale attempts were performed to follow bioaccumulation of Cs-137 and/or Co-60, found separately or together in a mixture of some solid CBW simulates. The process is based on the capability of Pleurotus pulmonarius to biodegrade the solid CBW simulates achieving acceptable weight reduction for the waste as well as reasonable bioaccumulation of the two isotopes from the spiked mixture, within their cells. Up to 134.95 and 41.1 kBq/kg (based on the dry weight of mushroom) were accumulated from Cs-137 and Co-60 respectively within a period of 54±3 days. It is worth mentioning that more than 54% weight reduction percent for the solid CBW simulates was acquired only due to a single cultivation process. Based on the data so far obtained, the bioremediation process for solid CBW based on the P. pulmonarius bioactivity seems to be simple, effective, and economical and can work where the other process cannot be applied.
Key words: Biological treatment, mushroom, Pleurotus spp., cellulosic waste, radiocesium, radiocobalt, gamma irradiation.
Abdel Aziz S. M and El-saayed H, Eskander S. B*
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Purification and characterization of bacteriocin isolated from Streptococcus thermophilus
Aslam M.1*, Shahid M.1, Rehman F. U.2, Naveed N. H.3, Batool A. I.3, Sharif S.1 and Asia A.1,
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
Accepted 11 February, 2019
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus is used primarily as starter cultures to counter the harmful bacteria grown in cheese and yogurt making/preservation processes. These bacteria produce some exogenous toxins called bacteriocins having the antimicrobial activities against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. In our study S. thermophilus growth was obtained at pH 5.5 and temperature 40°C. Bacteriocin activities were checked after their treatment with different enzymes, organic solvents, sodium chloride (NaCl) and detergents as well as their heat stability and effect of pH was studied. Bacteriocin activity was found heat stable at 100°C for 30 min and was found stable in the 3-10 pH range but lost the activity after the treatment with proteinase-K and protease enzymes. Activity was lost in treatment with lipase and amylase which shows the presence of lipo-glycolated peptide. Bacteriocin activity was lost on the presence of Dithiothreitol (DTT) and β-mercaptoethanol which showed the presence of disulphide bond present in bacteriocin and essential for its activity. Urea and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) also affected the bacteriocin activity but found stable to survive in the presence of 6% NaCl. Antibacterial assay showed the strong growth inhibition of test bacteria. Bactericidal activity was further purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation and different chromatographic techniques. Molecular weight was calculated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) as 2.7 kDa.
Key words: Streptococcus thermophilus, bacteriocin, antimicrobial peptide, yogurt culture bacteriocin, disc diffusion test.
Shahid M, Aslam M*, Rehman F. U, Naveed N. H, Batool A. I, Sharif S and Asia A
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessing the potential of Tetradenia riparia in treatment of common skin conditions in rural communities of South Africa
R. M. Coopoosamy* and K. K. Naidoo
Department of Nature Conservation, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P. O. Box 12363, Jacobs, 4026, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Accepted 20 March, 2019
Abstract
Tetradenia riparia has been used by traditional healers for treatment against various ailments including wound healing and skin sores. The scientific validation of the use of T. riparia against selected strains of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as selected fungal strains has substantiated the use by traditional healers. The relatively high inhibitory concentration for both bacterial and fungal strains further indicated the high value of this plant species in the medicinal world and could aid in treatment of secondary infections, such as, mouth sores, pelvic or vaginal sores in individuals who are HIV/AIDS infected.
Key words: Tetradenia riparia, iboza, antimicrobial, traditional medicines.
R. M. Coopoosamy*, K. K. Naidoo
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A laboratory scale bioremediation of Tapis crude oil contaminated soil by bioaugmentation of ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII T30C
Lee Kok Chang1*, Darah Ibrahim1 and Ibrahim Che Omar2
1Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory (IBRL), School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang Malaysia.
2Faculty of Agro Industry and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Karung Berkunci 36, 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Accepted 03 March, 2019
Abstract
Microbial degradation of Tapis crude oil contaminated soil by ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII T30C was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the selected potential hydrocarbon degrader in stimulating bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil with different treatment units in microcosms with 2.5 kg soil. Previously, A. BAUMANNII T30C was isolated from a Tapis crude oil-contaminated soil of oil refinery plant, Terengganu, Malaysia. The reduction of residual hydrocarbons in the soil was observed for a period of about 35 days. The study showed that amendment of nutrients was needed for stimulating the growth of A. BAUMANNII T30C and indigenous microorganism in assisting the degradation of residual hydrocarbons in the soil.
Key words: Bioremediation, bioaugmentation, aliphatic hydrocarbons, amendment of nutrients.
Lee Kok Chang*, Darah Ibrahim and Ibrahim Che Omar
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Influence of bispyribac sodium on nitrogenase activity and growth of cyanobacteria isolated from paddy fields
Gulten Okmen* and Aysel Ugur
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mugla University, Mugla 48127, Turkey.
Accepted 14 March, 2019
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the effect of bispyribac-sodium on the nitrogenase activities and growth of cyanobacteria isolated from paddy fields. Ten cyanobacterial species were used in this study. Cyanobacterial species were isolated from soil and water samples obtained from rice fields in Corum, Turkey. Among all Anabaena strains, the maximum activity was determined in Anabaena sp. O-22 (2.26 µl ethylene/mg.h) whereas; the lowest activity was shown in Gloeothece sp. O-Y (0.04 µl ethylene/mg.h). The maximum inhibition was seen in Anabaena sp. O-22, Synechocystis sp. O-X and Anabaena sp. O-16 in 100 µg/ml bispyribac-sodium concentration. Although low bispyribac-sodium concentrations somewhat stimulated growths of Anabaena sp. O-X2, O-Ç, O-4, O-16, O-8 and Synechocystis sp. O-X, the biomass of all cultures were severely inhibited at higher concentrations. The growths of Anabaena sp. O-22 and Synechocystis sp. O-X completely repressed at 100 µg/mL and at higher bispyribac-sodium concentrations, whereas, Anabaena O-X2, O-6, O-4 and O-16 completely suppressed at 500 µg/mL bispyribac-sodium concentration. The end of the study Anabaena sp. O-22 has been proposed as biofertilizer. The results obtained may be useful for the production of rice.
Key words: Cyanobacteria, nitrogenase activity, herbicide.
Gulten Okmen*, Aysel Ugur
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A novel poly (L-lactide) degrading thermophilic actinomycetes, Actinomadura keratinilytica strain T16-1 and pla sequencing
Sukhumaporn Sukkhum1,5, Shinji Tokuyama2, Prachumporn Kongsaeree3, Tomohiko Tamura4, Yuumi Ishida4 and Vichien Kitpreechavanich1,6*
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
2Department of Biological chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
4Biological Resource Center (NBRC), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan.
5Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
6Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, Institute for Advanced Studies and Graduated School, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Accepted 15 February, 2019
Abstract
An actinomycete strain T16-1 demonstrated the maximum poly (L-Lactide)-degrading activity when cultured in basal liquid medium at 50°C. According to 16S rDNA sequence analysis, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that strain T16-1 belong to the family Thermomonosporaceae, genus Actinomadura. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenic data, strain T16-1 which is a novel PLA-degrading thermophilic actinomycete was identified as Actinomadura keratinilytica, but the color of its colony on ISP plates, NaCl tolerant and utilization of mannitol, raffinose and arabinose were different. Partial sequence of poly (L-lactide) depolymerase gene from strain T16-1 was demonstrated. The gene consisting of 222 amino acids was related to serine protease from Streptomyces sp. with 43 to 46% identity.
Key words: Actinomadura keratinilytica, cloning, identification, poly (L-lactide).
Shinji Tokuyama, Yuumi Ishida and Vichien Kitpreechavanich*, Sukhumaporn Sukkhum, Prachumporn Kongsaeree, Tomohiko Tamura
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