ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Increasing the bioethanol yield in the presence of furfural via mutation of a native strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Rahimian Zarif Bahareh1* and Azin Mehrdad2
1Department of biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Ashrafi Esfahani Highway, Simon Bolivar Blvd., Tehran 1477893855, Iran.
2Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, 27, Shahid Mousavi St., Enghelab Ave., Tehran 15815-3538, Iran.
Accepted 18 January, 2019
Abstract
High ethanol yield is a desired property of industrial yeast strains. A significant problem in fermentative conversion of lignocellulosic materials to ethanol is the formation of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which are formed during acid hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Furfural has been known to create strong inhibition in metabolism of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this article, the result of random mutagenesis of a native strain of S. cerevisiae by ultra violet (UV) light and nitrous acid is presented. By screening the cells in the presence of furfural, a potent mutant was selected which produced 36.7% more bioethanol than the parent strain, in the presence of 0.2% (v/v) furfural.
Key words: Bioethanol, furfural, mutation, nitrous acid, Saccharomyces cerevisiae PTCC 5315, UV radiation.
Azin Mehrdad, Rahimian Zarif Bahareh*
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Combination of Dichelobacter nodosus LAMP with Fusobacterium necrophorum LAMP for detecting hoof swabs from dairy cattle footrot
Sun D. B., Wu R., Guo D. H.*, He X. J., Zheng J. S., Wang J. F., Lin Y. C., Han X., Wang Y. Q. and Guo T. T.
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing 163319, P. R. China.
Accepted 02 January, 2019
Abstract
To investigate the presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum (F. necrophorum) and Dichelobacter nodosus (D. nodosus) in dairy cattle footrot, a loop -mediated isothermal amplification method for detection of D. nodosus (Dn-LAMP) was developed and evaluated using species-specific16S rRNA gene as target gene. The Dn-LAMP showed no cross reaction with several common pathogens from cattle, and detection limit of the Dn-LAMP was 10 cfu/mL of D. nodosus. Amplicons of the Dn-LAMP could be detected by visual inspection. 189 hoof swabs from footrot-infected dairy cows in Heilongjiang province of China were detected using Dn -LAMP and Fn-LAMP for diagnosis of F. necrophorum, respectively. In 189 hoof swabs, 9 were positive for D. nodosus, and 95 were positive for F. necrophorum. These data suggested that combination of Dn -LAMP with Fn-LAMP will have a potential use for etiology investigation of footrot in dairy cattle.
Key words: Dichelobacter nodosus, Fusobacterium necrophorum, LAMP.
Sun D. B., Wang J. F., He X. J., Han X., Wu R., Lin Y. C., Wang Y. Q. and Guo T. T., Guo D. H.*, Zheng J. S.
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedling growth and development as influenced by Trichoderma harzianum and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Bombiti Nzanza*, Diana Marais and Puffy Soundy
Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
Accepted 18 January, 2019
Abstract
Recent trends in soil microbiology suggest that certain soil microbes have a positive effect on seedling growth and development. A study was conducted to investigate the interactive effect of the plant-growth promoting fungi Trichoderma harzianum and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in growth and development of tomato (Solanun lycopersicum) seedlings grown under greenhouse conditions. A 3 x 3 factorial experiment was laid out in a completely randomised design with six replications. At harvest (42 DAP), when compared with the control, T. harzianum and/or AMF treated plants improved shoot length, root length, dry shoot mass and dry root mass. Pre-inoculation with AMF increased shoot N, P and S content of tomato seedlings, whereas pre-sowing with T. harzianum alone increased the shoot N. Generally, shoot Zn and Mn content were affected by both fungi, with the best result observed when AMF was applied 2 weeks after T. harzianum. The percentage of roots colonised by AMF was less than 15% regardless of the time when T. harzianum was applied. However, the percentage of roots colonised by T. harzianum was greater than 90% at all times. In conclusion, this study suggested that T. harzianum and AMF have the potential to improve tomato seedling growth and development.
Key words: Essential mineral nutrients, mycorrhiza, plant-growth promoting fungi, seedling quality, Solanum lycopersicum.
Bombiti Nzanza*, Diana Marais and Puffy Soundy
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The response of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi under water stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000
Hai-han Zhang1, Ming Tang2* and Yan Yang1
1College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
2College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Accepted 07 December, 2010
Abstract
The growth models, diameter growth rates and biomass yield of three ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, Suillus tomentosus (Kauff.) Sing. Snell and Dick, Suillus laricinus (Berk.in Hook.) O. Kuntze and Aminita vaginata (Bull.: Fr.) Vitt., were investigated under water stress induced by polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) in pure culture. The results showed that the growth models of the three ectomycorrhizal fungi were not significantly affected by water stress, but the growth rates and biomass were changed. Lower water stress (-0.15 MPa) could stimulate the growth of three ectomycorrhizal fungi, but greater water stress restricted growth, and inhibitory effect became greater with the increasing water stress from -0.30 to -1.37 MPa. Their drought resistance was ordered by S. laricinus>S. tomentosus>A. vaginata. With the increasing water stress ( -0.02 ~ -0.73 MPa), the contents of gibberellin (GA) and auxin (IAA) in mycelium reduced from 26.53 to 0 g g -1 and 180.98 to 0 g g-1 respectively. S. laricinus accumulated the most (184.36 g g-1) abscisic acid (ABA) at -0.30 MPa; when water stress was beyond the tolerance of S. laricinus (-0.49 MPa); however, it inhibited the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA).
Key words: Abscisic acid, ectomycorrhizal fungus, phytohormone, water stress.
Ming Tang* and Yan Yang, Hai-han Zhang
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
E-test versus disk diffusion method in determining multidrug resistant strains of Escherichia coli in urinary tract infection
Y. Erfani1, A. Rasti2*, A. Mirsalehian3, S. M. Mirafshar3, V. Ownegh3
1Department of Laboratory medicine, School of Allied health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 13185-1678, Tehran, Iran.
2School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
Multidrug resistant strains of Escherichia coli are becoming a major challenge in treatment of patients with urinary tract infection. Developing effective screening methods for selection of antimicrobial resistant strains is necessary. In this study, we have compared descriptively results of E-test with Disk diffusion agar method in selection of multidrug resistant strains of E. coli among patients with urinary tract infection. In disk diffusion test, 19 of 256 urine collections were resistant to 5 antibiotics used in the study. Later E-test was performed on these 19 collections with the same 5 antibiotics. In E-test, 10.5% of the specimens were sensitive to Bacterim, 21.1% to gentamicin, 47.7% to nitrofurantoin, 10.5% to ciprofloxacin and 10.5% to Ceftazidime. Results indicate that performing E-test on strains that were resistant in disk diffusion test may increase specificity in determination of multidrug resistant strains of E. coli in patients with urinary tract infection. This antibiotic susceptibility study showed difference between E-test and disk diffusion agar in assessing the antibiotic susceptibility and found E-test accuracy and its superiority to disk diffusion in detecting multidrug resistance.
Key words: Escherichia coli, resistance, E-test, disk diffusion.
S. M. Mirafshar and V. Ownegh, A. Rasti*, A. Mirsalehian, Y. Erfani
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Glomus mosseae on characteristics of leaf development of Paeonia suffruticosa under salt stress
Guo Shaoxia1,2* Han Tingting2 and Liu Runjin1
1Institute of Mycorrhizal Biotechnology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong Province 266109, China.
2College of Garden and Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong Province 266109, China.
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
The effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the characteristics of leaf development of Paeonia suffruticosa at different levels of salt stress (0, 8, 16 and 24%) were studied. Potted ‘Feng Dan’ seedlings were inoculated with Glomus mosseae, and the non-inoculated was used as the control. The results showed that under salt stress leaf relative water content, sclerophyllous index of leaves and leaf succulence level of P. suffruticosa seedlings inoculated with G. mosseae were significantly higher than those of non-inoculated seedling, and specific leaf area was significantly lower than that of the control. Leaf water loss rate of the non-inoculated peony was faster, the percentage of water loss in the total amount of water each time point is the highest. These results suggest that G. mosseae may play an important role in the leaf traits and enhanced salt tolerance of tree peony seedlings.
Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, characteristics of leaf development, Paeonia suffruticosa, salt stress.
Guo Shaoxia* Han Tingting, Liu Runjin
Page: 1 - 6