ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Media optimization for extra cellular tannase production by Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 7162 using response surface methodology
Karthikeyan Sivashanmugam and Gurunathan Jayaraman*
School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu - 632 014, India.
Accepted 19 March, 2019
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 7162, isolated from tannery effluent was used for the production of extracellular tannase. Central composite design (for nutritional parameters) and Box Behnken design (for physicochemical parameters) were used to arrive at conditions for maximal tannase production. Box Behnken design was statistically significant and indicated that pH is a significant factor for tannase production. A 6.5 fold increase of extra cellular tannase (22.7 U / ml) production was observed at the optimized conditions. The yield of extra cellular tannase obtained in this study, from a bacterial source, is the highest compared to that of the earlier reports.
Key words: Klebsiella pneumoniae, extra cellular tannase, central composite design, Box Behnken design, response surface methodology.
Gurunathan Jayaraman*, Karthikeyan Sivashanmugam
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Demonstration of antibiotic resistance genes strA, blaTEM, tetA, tetC and sul2 in Avibacterium paragallinarum
Byarugaba D. K.1*, Minga U. M.2, Gwakisa P. S.3, Katunguka-Rwakishaya E.4, Bisgaard M.5, Christensen H.5 and Olsen J. E.5
1Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
2The Open University of Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
3Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chu Kikuu, Morogoro Tanzania.
4Makerere University Graduate School, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
5Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 4 Stigbolen DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Accepted 11 March, 2019
Abstract
Avibacterium paragallinarum causes a highly contagious disease in chickens called infectious coryza. We have previously isolated A. paragallinarum from diseased chickens and demonstrated their virulence in experimental infection in different poultry species. In the present study, the isolates were screened for selected resistance genes for clinically relevant antibiotics. The study demonstrated resistance genes for sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, streptomycin and ampicillin resistance in the isolates. Multiple resistance and resistance genes to streptomycin (strA), ampicillin (blaTEM), tetracycline (tetC and tetA) and sulphamethoxazole (sul2) in isolates of A. paragallinarum are reported. The demonstration of these genes in A. paragallinarum, similar to what has been demonstrated in other respiratory pathogens, is a concern for potential horizontal spread of multiple drug resistance leading to treatment failures in different respiratory diseases.
Key words: Antibiotic resistance genes, Avibacterium paragallinarum.
Katunguka-Rwakishaya E, Minga U. M, Christensen H and Olsen J. E, Byarugaba D. K*, Bisgaard M, Gwakisa P. S
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Freshwater fungi isolated from eggs and broodstocks with an emphasis on Saprolegnia in rainbow trout farms in west Iran
Firooz Fadaeifard1*, Mehdi raissy1, Hamidreza Bahrami2, Ebrahim Rahimi3 and Ahmad Najafipoor4
1Department of Aquatic Health and Disease, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University-Shahrekord-Iran.
2Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University-Shahrekord-Iran.
3Department of Food Hygiene, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University-Shahrekord-Iran.
4Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University-Shahrekord-Iran.
Accepted 27 February, 2019
Abstract
Fungal diseases of fresh water eggs and fishes are known to be a problematic disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the aquatic fungal flora specially oomycete fungi in rainbow trout hatcheries from west part of Iran during fall and winter 2008, an attempt to isolate fungi from the eggs and broodstocks showing fungal infection at the three rainbow trout farms. A total of 150 randomly selected eggs and 15 broodstocks were obtained. A sterile swab was taken from outer surface of body (skin, gills, fins), as well as eggs. sabouraud dextrose agar, glucose yeast agar and Hemp seed in sterile tap water was used for fungi isolation. Identification of the fungi was based on their vegetative organs, including hyphae shape and size, asexual reproduction organs, shape of sporangium and spores, and generative organs, structure of oogonium, oosporangium and antheridium. In this study eight genus and species were identified and the most common were Penecillium sp., Acreomonium sp., Alternaria sp., Fusarium solani, Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., Saprolegnia sp. and Cladosporium sp. Among the above species Penecillium sp. with 23% and Saprolegnia sp. with 3% have more and less occurrence, respectively. Identification of Saprolegnia sp. which is an important pathogen in aquaculture needs further study in the future.
Key word: Fungal infection, fish, Saprolegnia, Iran.
Mehdi raissy, Hamidreza Bahrami, Firooz Fadaeifard*, Ebrahim Rahimi and Ahmad Najafipoor
Research Article
Chinese pulsatilla extracts eliminate resistance of Escherichia coli to streptomycin
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Chinese pulsatilla extracts eliminate resistance of Escherichia coli to streptomycin
Wang Chun-guang*, Zhang Tie, and Zhang Jian-lou
1The College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Dingzhou 073000, China.
2The Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China.
Accepted 18 March, 2019
Abstract
Drug resistance is widely distributed in Escherichia coli coli, and related technology is urgently required to control its transmission. The Chinese pulsatilla extracts containing crude drug of 12.5 mg/ml was used to eliminate resistance plasmid against streptomycin in chicken E. coli. After screening and identification, plasmids were extracted from resistance-eliminated strain and electrophoresed in order to compare plasmid profiles before and after elimination. After the drug resistance was eliminated, the diameter of inhibition zone became larger and the minimum inhibitory concentration declined. These results indicated that Chinese pulsatilla extracts makes E. coli strain that was sensitive to streptomycin become resistant to this antibiotic. The alimentation rate was 15.8% (79/500). Compared with the control bacteria, the resistance-eliminated strain lost an approximately 20 kbp plasmid band, which showed that the Chinese pulsatilla extracts may convert drug resistance by eliminating plasmid against streptomycin.
Key words: Chinese pulsatilla, Escherichia coli, streptomycin, resistance plasmid.
Zhang Tie, and Zhang Jian-lou, Wang Chun-guang*
Short Communication
Endophytic Fusarium spp. from wild banana (Musa acuminata) roots
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-003, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Endophytic Fusarium spp. from wild banana (Musa acuminata) roots
Latiffah Zakaria1,2* and Nur Hidayah Abdul Rahman1
1School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
2Centre of Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia (CEMACS-Mukahead), 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Accepted 23 January, 2019
Abstract
Endophytic Fusarium species were isolated from roots of wild banana (Musa acuminata) collected randomly in several locations in Penang Island, Malaysia. A total of 54 isolates of Fusarium were recovered from 100 root fragments. Based on morphological features of macroconidia, microconidia and conidiogenous cells, three Fusarium species were identified in which the most common species was F. oxysporum (41.5%) followed by F. solani (32.1%) and F. semitectum (24.5%). The present study showed that there are diverse endophytic Fusarium species in the roots of wild banana and has the potential to be used as biological control agents.
Key words: Endophyte, Fusarium, root, wild banana.
Nur Hidayah Abdul Rahman, Latiffah Zakaria*
Research Article
Antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms isolated from explanted sclera buckles
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms isolated from explanted sclera buckles
Liwei Zhang, Baihua Chen, Ming Wang and Luosheng Tang*
Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, P. R. China.
Accepted 25 March, 2019
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the current microbiological spectrum of culture-positive explanted scleral buckles and their sensitivity to antibiotics. A retrospective, consecutive case series was performed in this study. 38 patients with scleral buckle removal that occurred between January 2003 and December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Cultured bacteria were identified using the API system. Susceptibilities of the bacteria were tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. 38 of 50 (76%) explanted scleral buckles were positive by culture. A total of 40 microorganisms were isolated from the 38 buckles. Thirty isolates (75%) were Gram positive and 10 (25%) were Gram negative. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) was the most common isolate (62.5%) while 10 cases (40%) of CNS were methicillin-resistant CNS (MR-CNS). 100% of the Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to Vancomycin, 69% to Clindamycin, 59.3% to Gentamicin, 39.3% to Ciprofloxacin and 42.3% to Ofloxacin. MR-CNS was sensitive to Vancomycin and Rifampin, while 80% of the Gram-negative isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and 75% to Ofloxacin. This study demonstrated a change in bacterial isolates of the explanted scleral buckles and their antibiotic sensitivities, compared with previous reports. No single antibiotic can cover all of the microbes isolated from explanted scleral buckle. A combination of various antibiotics is recommended for the treatment of perioperative infection and initial empiric treatment.
Key words: Microorganism, sclera buckle, antibiotic sensitivity, infection.
Liwei Zhang, Baihua Chen, Ming Wang and Luosheng Tang*