ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The prevalence of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in local cheese produced in Sarab city, Iran and its public health implication
J. Akbarmehr
Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Sarab Branch, Sarab, Iran. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 16 January, 2019
Abstract
Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by different species of Brucella. The main sources of human brucellosis for general population are dairy products prepared from raw milk. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in unpasteurized cheese produced in Sarab city. For this purpose, a total of 1000 cheese samples were collected from Sarab city and its rural area from September 2006 till September 2007. Samples were cultured on selective Brucella agar and incubated at 37°C for a period of 2 weeks. Brucella species were confirmed by biochemical tests and then serological screening was performed by specific Brucella antisera. Overal, among 1000 samples which were examined by bacteriological tests, Brucella organisms were isolated from 22 samples (2.2%), seven of which (0.7%) were B. melitensis and the rest 15 positive samples (1.5%) were B. abortus. The prevalence rates of Brucella organisms in examined cheese samples in autumn, winter, spring, and summer were determined 2.42, 1.39, 2.5 and 2.62% respectively. This study revealed the public health hazard of local cheese produced in Sarab city.
Key words: Brucella, cheese, Sarab.
J. Akbarmehr
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Street foods: Handling, hygiene and client expectations in a World Heritage Site Town, Cape Coast, Ghana
A. Annan-Prah*, D. H. A. K. Amewowor, J. Osei-Kofi, S. E. Amoono, S. Y. Akorli, E. Saka and H. A. Ndadi
School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Handling, vending and hygienic quality of street foods available to local residents, internal and foreign tourists to Cape Coast, the most important tourism hub in Ghana, were investigated. Questionnaires assessed stakeholder commitment to and expectations of food hygiene. Laboratory analysis evaluated microbial contamination levels of the street foods. Patronised by both local residents and tourists, foreign tourists put the hygienic safety as the principal criterion over curiosity and price to patronise street foods. Although licences had been given to 27 (54%) of the 50 investigated food vendors, only 15 (55.5%) of the licensed vendors had had medical examination (8 only once and 7 annually). Food vending premises visibly needed improvement in sanitation. The foods had the following bacterial contamination levels in colony forming units per gram (cfu/g): meat pie (1.3 × 105), khebab (5 × 104), rice with stew (4.1 × 105), fried fish (8 × 104), pepper sauce (1.4 × 105), etsew or banku (3 × 105), beans with gari (2 × 104), fufu (1.6 × 105) wakye (6.6 × 105) and dakua (2.3 × 105). Presence of Escherichia coli of faecal origin was detected in all investigated food samples. Khebab, fried fish and beans with gari had acceptable bacterial contamination levels of <5 log10 cfu/g. The following major fungi were identified in the street foods: Aspergilus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus candidus, Cladosporium herbarum, Necrospora crassa, Penicillium citrinum, Fusarium, Mucor and Rhizopus species. Yeasts were found in all investigated food items. The street foods were, therefore, found to have threatening unacceptable microbial contamination levels. Stakeholder education, legislation, verifiable microbiological standards, inspections and environmental sanitation improvement are necessary.
Key words: Tourism, street foods, Cape Coast, Ghana.
A. Annan-Prah*, S. E. Amoono, J. Osei-Kofi, S. Y. Akorli, D. H. A. K. Amewowor, E. Saka and H. A. Ndadi
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Outer membrane proteins and morphological alterations of Shigella spp. under starvation in seawater
Ali Ellafi*, Fethi Ben Abdallah, Rihab Lagha and Amina Bakhrouf
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, Monastir 5019, Tunisia.
Accepted 04 January, 2019
Abstract
In this study, we incubated four strains of Shigella in seawater microcosms (at room temperature and at 4°C) for eight months and we studied the alteration of their morphologic and outer membranes proteins. The starved cells showed an evolution to the filterable minicells state capable to pass membrane pore size 0.45 µm. In addition, the atomic force micrographs showed a reduction of the cells size and an evolution to coccoid-shapes. Outer membrane proteins patterns of stressed bacteria did not changed too much and these modifications were manifested by the appearance of one new band.
Key words: Shigella, seawater, starvation, morphological, outer membrane proteins.
Rihab Lagha and Amina Bakhrouf, Fethi Ben Abdallah, Ali Ellafi*
Page: 1 - 6
Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-009, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
An overview of honey: Therapeutic properties and contribution in nutrition and human health
Christy E. Manyi-Loh1, Anna M. Clarke1 and Roland N. Ndip1,2*
1Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Microbial Pathogenicity and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
2Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.
Accepted 16 January, 2019
Abstract
Honey, a natural product of very high nutritive value is made when the nectar (floral) and sweet deposits from plants (non floral) are gathered, modified and stored in the honeycombs by honeybees of the genera Apis and Meliponini. Its composition and quality vary greatly with the botanical source of nectar as well as environmental and climatic conditions. Depending on its quality, honey can contribute to the health and nutritional status of humans. These beneficial actions have been ascribed to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant potential. Interestingly, honey is gradually receiving attention as a complementary and or an alternative source of treatment in modern medicines. It is active against antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant strains of micro-organisms and has the potential not to select for further resistant strains.
Key words: Honey, natural product, drug, food.
Anna M. Clarke and Roland N. Ndip*, Christy E. Manyi-Loh
Page: 1 - 13
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Status of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) in Peninsular Malaysia
Kavous Ayazpour1, Kamaruzaman Sijam1*, Ganesan Vadamalai1, Hawa Jaafar2
1Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Malaysia.
2Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Malaysia.
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is the most important viral disease of Citrus spp. and has a worldwide distribution. Results of ELISA and PCR showed that all Citrus varieties including Fortunella sp., Citrofortunella microcarpa and Citromelo in major citrus growing areas of Malaysia had a high infection rate with CTV. In most areas, pomelo however was free of infection, but in Cameron Highlands, we found some strains of CTV that were severe to Citromelo and pomelo. Phylogeny studies revealed that these strains were similar to CTV isolates from China and Japan and were very different from CTV isolates from USA and New Zealand.
Key words: Citrus tristeza virus, phylogeny analysis, strain, CP gene, Malaysia.
Ganesan Vadamalai, Kavous Ayazpour, Hawa Jaafar, Kamaruzaman Sijam*
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Screening of higher yield of ethyl acetate yeast and researching of ester-producing conditions
MaoBin Chen1, Ruili Li1, Nan Peng2, Da Zhen1 and Shangling Fang1*
1Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
2State key laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
A higher yield of ethyl acetate yeast Y1 was selected from Daqu and Xiaoqu, and the production volume of ethyl acetate was 2.152 g/l when cultured in corn saccharification mash. The strain is identified as Hansenula anomala. Then, through the single factor test to study the effects of diffident culture mediums and diffident culture methods on ester-producing, the results showed that the best ester-producing culture medium for Y1 yeast was the wheat saccharification mash. The ester yield of static culture was 40% higher when compared with shaking culture. several factors were selected to carry on the orthogonal test once more, the result indicated that the optimization plan were as follows: brix was 8°, pH was 5, temperature was 25°C, culture time was 4 days, and ethyl alcohol was 2%, total ester production of Y1 was 4.812 g/l in this condition.
Key words: Ester–production yeast, culture method, ester production condition, orthogonal test.
Ruili Li, MaoBin Chen, Da Zhen and Shangling Fang*, Nan Peng
Page: 1 - 6