ISSN 2736-1756
Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-010, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Significance and use of walnut, Juglans regia Linn: A review
Nael Abu Taha and Mohammed A. Al-wadaan
Chair of Advanced Proteomics and Cytomics Research, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11415, Saudi Arabia.
Accepted 19 September, 2020
Abstract
Juglans regia Linn is a medicinal plant that has been widely used in traditional medicine for a wide array of ailments that include helminthiasis, diarrhea, sinusitis, stomachache, arthritis, asthma, eczema, scrofula, skin disorders, and various endocrine diseases such as diabetes mellitus, anorexia, thyroid dysfunctions, cancer and infectious diseases. The present review, attempts to provide comprehensive information on the ethnobotanical use, pharmacology, nutritional value, preclinical and clinical studies, toxicity, other uses and current research prospects of the Juglans regia L. Currently, there is a renewed interest in walnut, and several investigations aimed at scientific validation of its traditional uses and a humble scientific investigation aimed at isolation and identification of active constituents of crude extracts.
Key words: Juglans regia, nutritional value, bioactivity, clinical trial, traditional use, toxicity.
Significance and use of walnut, Juglans regia Linn: A review
Mohammed A. Al-wadaan, Nael Abu Taha
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Investigation of the occurrence of Eimeria species in native chickens of Shiraz, Iran
Mohammad Mehdi Hadipour*, Ahad Olyaie, Mohammad Naderi, Fariborz Azad and Omid Nekouie
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran.
Accepted 13 September, 2020
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Eimeria species in native chickens reared under semi-scavenging system and were allowed to scavenge in the yard, in crop fields near water reservoirs. We studied 200 scavenging native chickens in villages around Shiraz City in Southwest Iran. These chickens had no history of vaccination against coccidiosis and had never been given coccidiostat drugs. The chickens were submitted for post-mortem and parasitological examinations. All the villages had chickens that were positive for different Eimeria spp. From a total of 200 native chickens examined, 128 (64%) were infected with coccidiosis. Eimeria tenella was the most prevalent species (24%) followed by Eimeria acervulina (18%), Eimeria necatrix (12%), and Eimeria maxima (10%). Prevalences varied by management and did not vary by flock size.
Key words: Eimeria, native chickens, prevalence, Shiraz, Iran.
Mohammad Naderi, Ahad Olyaie, Mohammad Mehdi Hadipour*, Fariborz Azad and Omid Nekouie
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and characterization of bacteria from Melaka rubber estate agricultural soil to utilize 2,2-DCP as only carbon source
Wen-Yong Wong1 and Fahrul Huyop2*
1Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
2Industrial Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
Accepted 13 November, 2020
Abstract
Industrial chemicals and pesticides from agricultural activities cause a considerable threat to the environment. 2,2-dichloropropionate (2,2-DCP) is a synthetic halogenated compound used as herbicide. High concentration of 2,2-DCP is toxic if released to the environment and may pollute the soil and ground water source. Using current enrichment technique it was expected to isolate a new bacteria species able to degrade -halocarboxylic acid. Strain Wy1 isolated from soil in Melaka rubber estate was able to utilize 30 mM 2,2-DCP as the sole source of carbon and energy with maximum chloride ion released of 0.27 mmol/L in the liquid growth medium. The biochemical test and 16S rRNA analysis suggested that the bacterial identity was from the genus Labrys sp., and therefore it was designated as Labrys sp. strain Wy1. The cells doubling time in 30 mM 2,2-DCP liquid minimal medium was 33.44 h. Cell growth was inhibited when grown in liquid minimal medium above 30 mM 2,2-DCP due to the toxicity of 2,2-DCP to the cells. This is the first reported case that the genus Labrys sp. is able to degrade 2,2-DCP.
Key words: 2,2-dichloropropionate, dehalogenase, soil bacteria, Labrys sp.
Ahad Olyaie, Fariborz Azad and Omid Nekouie, Mohammad Mehdi Hadipour*, Mohammad Naderi
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of the biodegradability of starch based plastic polymer by some isolated composted soil fungi
Neveen S. Geweely* and Salama A. Ouf
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
Accepted 23 November, 2020
Abstract
Fourteen fungal species (Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochrochus, Botrytis cinerea, Chaetomium globosum, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium funiculosm, Penicillium italicum and Phanerochaete chrysosporium) belonging to Ascomycete, Basidiomycete and Deuteromycete groups were isolated from composted soil in Egypt. The ability of laser induced plasma as a new technique to enhance fungal degradation efficiency of starch based plastic polymer was tested. The maximum significant plastic degradation activities for all isolated fungal species were showed after the lowest exposure time (5 min) to laser induced plasma. The highest efficient fungal degraded starch based plastic polymer was A. niger, where the initial appearance of clear zone was recorded only after two days accompanied with the highest significant amylotic activities. The evaluation of changes in starch based plastic polymer degraded by A. niger compared with uninoculated and non plasma treated A. niger degraded starch based plastic polymer was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The maximum degradation efficiency accompanied with the highest loss of tensile strength (90 and 80.7%, respectively) was observed in the plasma treated A. niger degrading starch polymer. Four low molecular weight sugars were detected by HPLC in plasma and non plasma treated A. niger degrading plastic polymer.
Key words: Fungi, plastic, degradation, laser.
Neveen S. Geweely*, Salama A. Ouf
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of intraperitoneal administration of GNPs in blood and tissues of rats in vivo
Mohamed Anwar K. Abdelhalim1*, Mohammed S. Al-Ayed1 and Sherif A. Abdelmottaleb Moussa2
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud, University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.
2Department of Physics, College of Science, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, P. O. Box 90950, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia.
Accepted 21 September, 2020
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) can potentially cause adverse effects on organ, tissue, cellular, subcellular, and protein levels due to their unusual physicochemical properties. Advances in nanotechnology have identified promising candidates for many biological and biomedical applications. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are being increasingly exploited for medical uses and other industrial applications. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the response of heavy elements levels to intraperitoneal administration of different GNPs into rats for period of 3 days in vivo. The experimental rats were divided into normal and 3 groups (G1A, G2A and G3A; G1: 20 nm; G2: 10 nm; G3: 50 nm; A: it means infusion of 0.05 ml of GNPs for 3 days). To investigate the role of GNP size on heavy elements [cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and cobalt (Co)] levels in blood and several tissues of rats, 50 µl daily dose of 10, 20 and 50 nm GNPs was intraperitonealy injected into rats for 3 days. Cd, Ni and Pb concentrations significantly increased in blood and all tissues of rats compared with the normal. Different changes were observed with Co concentrations in blood and several tissues of rats. Co concentrations significantly increased with 20 nm GNPs in blood and kidney tissue of rats compared with the normal while it significantly decreased in heart, lung and liver tissues of rats. 10, 20 and 50 nm GNPs may be an effective inducer of oxidative stress which was evident by the fact that they caused significant increase in Cd, Ni and Pb concentrations in blood and all tissues of rats compared with the normal. This study suggests that GNPs may interact with proteins and enzymes of the rats interfering with the antioxidant defense mechanism and leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which in turn may imitate an inflammatory response and heavy element levels destruction. Exposure to intraperitoneal administration of GNPs is a potential source of oxidative stress toxicity in rats.
Key words: Gold nanoparticles, size, severaltissues, blood, heavy elements, toxicity, rats.
Mohammed S. Al-Ayed and Sherif A. Abdelmottaleb Moussa, Mohamed Anwar K. Abdelhalim*
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-011, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of purified and characterized novel glucose oxidase-like melanoidin to decolorize wastewater
Chin-Fa Hwang1, Ying-Shu Jiang2, Shyang-Chwen Sheu2, Pao-Chuan Hsieh2 and Jia-Hsin Guo2*
1Department of Food science and technology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan.
2Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
Accepted 17 October, 2020
Abstract
A novel melanoidin decolorizing enzyme (MDE) produced by Geotrichum sp. No. 56, which exhibits decolorization activity against synthetic melanoidin and molasses containing wastewater, was purified and characterized. The purification process was performed using ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Cellulose and Sephadex G-150 column chromatography. The melanoidin decolorization activity of the MDE was improved up to 7.3 U mg-1, the equivalent to 8.3-fold increase from the initial protein preparation, with an overall yield of 9.1%. The results of gel filtration and SDS-PAGE revealed that the purified MDE was a dimmer with 127.5 kDa, and both subunits were alike with 63.5 kDa each. The optimum pH and temperature for the purified MDE were 6.5 and 45°C, respectively. The MDE activity was highly specific for -D-glucose, but completely inhibited by cysteine, iodoacetic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol, gluconic acid, HgCl2 or AgNO3. The MDE also decolorized the spent broth of monosodium glutamate fermentation. The Geotrichum sp. No. 56 producing MDE, which shares various characteristics with glucose oxidase (GOx), could be useful for decolorizing fermented wastewater.
Key words: Decolorization, Geotrichum sp., glucose oxidase, melanoidin, molasses wastewater.
Ying-Shu Jiang, Pao-Chuan Hsieh and Jia-Hsin Guo*, Shyang-Chwen Sheu, Chin-Fa Hwang
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