Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Isolation and application of a chlorpyrifos-degrading Bacillus licheniformis ZHU-1

Jiangwei Zhu¹, Yan Zhao² and Jiangping Qiu¹*

¹School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.

²Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, Shanghai 200233, PR China.

Accepted 08 February, 2018

Abstract

A strain ZHU-1 capable of utilizing chlorpyrifos as the sole carbon sources and energy was isolated from soil. ZHU-1 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis based on analysis of morphology, physiological and biochemical characters and 16S rRNA. The addition of ZHU-1 to soil treated with chlorpyrifos resulted in a higher degradation rate than noninoculated soils, the degradation rate of chlorpyrifos (100 mg kg^-1) could reach 99% or above after 14 days. The microbial manure added by strain ZHU -1 can be applied not only as fertilizer, but also in degrading chlorpyrifos residue in soil. This study may provide basis for prevention and control of pesticides pollution.

Key words: Chlorpyrifos, degradation, Bacillus licheniformis, microbial manure.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-008, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Malondialdehyde, vitamin E, and anti-oxidant enzyme activity levels in patients with crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever

Hüseyin Aydin¹, Gürsel Yildiz²*, Aynur Engin³, Abdülkerim Yilmaz⁴, Kenan Çelik¹ and Sevtap Bakir¹

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, 58140-Sivas, Turkey.

²Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, 58140-Sivas, Turkey.

³Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, 58140-Sivas, Turkey.

⁴Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, 58140-Sivas, Turkey.

Accepted 07 March, 2018

Abstract

Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral disease that can be seen in people epidemically or as single patient. CCHF is a highly deadly disease caused by Nairovirus from Bunyaviridae family. Endothelial damage caused by secreted cytokines plays an important role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly cytotoxic. Intracellular and extracellular antioxidants are the mechanisms that protect the cell from the cytotoxic effects of the ROS. In this study, malondialdehite (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutation peroxidase (GSHPx), glutation reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) enzyme activities and vitamin E – one of the antioxidant vitamins, values are examined to evaluate how oxidant/antioxidant value is affected in patients with CCHF. 47 patients diagnosed as CCHF with control group that is made of 41 healthy individuals that matched to patient group as sex and age contributed to study. All individuals’ plasma SOD, CAT, GSHPx, GR, and vitamin E values and erythrocyte MDA levels were determined. SOD enzyme activity is increased (p<0.05) and CAT, GSHPx, GR enzyme activities did not change in CCHF patient (p>0.05). Vitamin E values turned out to be lower than control group (p<0.05). Plasma and erythrocyte MDA levels were higher than control group (p<0.05).

Key words: Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, antioxidants, vitamin E, malondialdehyde.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Bacteriological and fungal evaluation of some aromatic and taste giving herbs from Igdir region in Eastern Anatolia of Turkey

Zeynep Ulukanli¹* and Ekber Karadag²

¹Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Osmaniye, Turkey.

²Kafkas University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, 36100 Kars, Turkey.

Accepted 05 February, 2018

Abstract

In this work, aromatic and taste giving herbs including thyme (n=23), basil (n=23) and mint (n=19) samples collected from retail outlets of Igdir were examined for the microbiological quality as well as the detection of some pathogenic bacteria. Total aerobic mesophilic counts varied from 10² to10⁷ cfu/g in thyme, 10³ to 10⁷ cfu/g in basil and mint samples. Coliforms were present in 34.8% of thyme, 69.6% of basil and 36.4% of mint samples. E. coli was detected only in a mint sample. Detection rate for staphylococci and micrococci in thyme, basil and mint was 21.7, 69.4 and 79%, respectively. Enterococci were observed in 21.7, 26 and 26.3% of thyme, basil and mint samples, respectively. Samples revealed the absence of Lactobacilli, S. aureus. E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. Aerobic Spore Forming Bacteria (ASB) was present in 56.3% of thyme, 74% of basil and 94.8% of mint samples. Sulphide Reducing Clostridia (SRC) only occurred in 30.5% of thyme and 5.2% of mint samples included SRC. Total yeast and fungal counts indicated that 52% of thyme, 61% of basil, 58% of mint samples was > 10⁴ cfu/g.

Key words: Thyme, basil, mint, herbs, microorganisms, Igdir.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-009, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antimicrobial protein production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBL27: An application of statistical optimization technique

K. Vijayalakshmi and Suseela Rajakumar*

Microbiology Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR, New Delhi) Chennai 600 020, India.

Accepted 20 January, 2018

Abstract

The applicability of the Taguchi DOE (design of experiment) methodology for optimization of medium composition for maximum antimicrobial protein (AMP) production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBL27 has been demonstrated in the present study. The influence of individual factors and the relationships between the factors and their levels were established. Three factors viz, glucose, triammonium citrate and K₂HPO₄, each at three levels were selected and an orthogonal array (OA) layout of L₂₇ containing 27 well-defined experiments were performed. Two response variables (bacterial growth and inhibitory activity of the AMP) were measured. Maximum AMP production was achieved at a concentration of 1.0% glucose, 0.25% triammonium citrate and 0.2% K₂HPO₄. The experiments conducted provided basic information to improve the efficiency of AMP production and supported the analysis of main effect of each constituent in the medium. This study is therefore another example of the application of the Taguchi methodology for improvement of biological processes.

Key words: Antimicrobial protein, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, optimization, response surface methodology (RSM), Taguchi design.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Occurrence of Klebsiella oxytoca producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in different seasons in Ilam Hospitals, Iran

Sobhan Ghafouryan¹, Nourkhoda Sadeghifard², VasanthaKumari Neela¹, Nor Shamsudin Mariana¹, Reza Mohebi², Mohammad Rahbar³ , Ali Hematian², Zamberi bin Sekawi¹*, Mohammad Raftari ⁴ and Iraj Pakzad²

¹Department of Medical Microbiology, and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Science Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia.

²Department of Medical Microbiology, Ilam university of Medical Sciences, Iran.

³Reference laboratory of Iran.

⁴Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.

Accepted 23 February, 2018

Abstract

Our study focused on assessing frequency of Klebsiella oxytoca, to study incidence of K. oxytoca producing ESBLs, to investigate frequency of blaTEM,blaSHV and blaCTX-M and to determine resistance of K. oxytoca producing ESBLs toward non-beta-lactam antibiotics, in different seasons in Ilam hospital. Twelve clinical isolates of K. oxytoca were found during March 2007 to April 2008 in Ilam hospital in Ilam city in west of Iran. The strains were isolated from admitted patients in surgery wards, lesion and respiratory tract infection. ESBLs identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. PCR had done for detection of blaSHV, TEM and CTX-M. K. oxytoca producing ESBLS were evaluated against non -beta-lactam antibiotics.of twelve K. oxytoca collected in Ilam hospitals, 16.67% (n=2), 16.67% (n=2) and 66.66% (n=8) were from the surgery wards, lesion, and respiratory tract infections (RTIs), respectively. 25% of K. oxytoca were ESBLs positive. blaSHV were found as responsible for ESBLs production. All the K. oxytoca producing ESBLs were susceptible to non-beta-lactam antibiotics. The highest frequency of K. oxytoca were found from patients with RTI (66.7%) and the lowest frequency of K. oxytoca had observed in admitted patients in surgery ward and patients with lesion infections, as an equal (16.6%) . Our finding showed that resistant to ceftazidime was more than the others antibiotics (41.66%). We were found the most ESBLs production occurred in winter in K. oxytoca isolated in surgery ward (50%).

Key word: K. oxytoca, ESBLs, Ilam Hospitals, Iran.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Bacterial load on Ghanaian currency notes

Patrick Feglo¹* and Michael Nkansah²

¹Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

²Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

Accepted 24 January, 2018

Abstract

Ghanaian currency notes are handled by all manner of people including ready-to- eat food sellers who serve food and handle the currency notes as they sell making the notes dirty and cross-contaminated. Hence this study aims at determining bacterial species and level of contamination of the notes in circulation. Ghanaian currency notes were collected at random from ready- to-eat food sellers in Kumasi. Buffered peptone water (BPW) washings of the notes were inoculated onto plate count agar (PCA) for total viable count and then Blood and MacConkey agar for bacteria identification. The study reveals 98.6% of the currency notes were bacterially contaminated, 12 (17.14%) had acid-fast bacilli, and 1.43% Taenia sp. ovum. The bacterial mean viable count was 1.5 × 10⁴ ± 1.1 × 10¹ CFU/Note, the GH¢1 had the highest mean viable count of 4.0 × 10⁴ CFU/Note, the GH¢5 1.8 × 10⁴ CFU/Note, and then the GH¢10 had 2.8 × 10³ CFU/Note. The isolates were Bacillus species (41.07%), coagulase-negative staphylococcus (33.04%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.14%), Enterococcus faecalis (7.14%), Citrobacter freundi (4.46%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.68%), Shigella dysenteriae (2.68%) and Escherichia coli (1.79%). The Ghanaian currency notes in circulation were found to be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms which can spread human diseases.

Key words: Bacterial contamination, currency notes, food poisoning.