ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-011, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Sawdust and digestive bran as cheap alternate substrates for xylanase production
Simphiwe P. Buthelezi, Ademola O. Olaniran* and Balakrishna Pillay
Discipline of Microbiology, School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Republic of South Africa.
Accepted 23 November, 2018
Abstract
Xylanases are a major group of enzymes, mostly produced from microbial fermentation processes, and have wide industrial and biotechnological applications. The production cost of xylanase is the major factor limiting its use, thus indicating the need for low cost production systems for market of this enzyme. In this study, therefore, sawdust and digestive bran were investigated as substrates for xylanase production by Bacillus strains. The xylanase titre ranging between 30.849 to 45.206 nkat/ml and 6.633 to 22.717 nkat/ml was produced by these Bacillus strains, using sawdust and wheat bran as the substrate, respectively. The optimum temperature for the production of xylanase was found to be between 45 and 55°C, while the optimum pH was 8.0 for all the strains tested. The xylanases produced by these Bacillus strains were found to be stable over a wide range of temperature tested (40 to 90°C). Up to 98 and 95% of the initial activity was retained by the crude extract of two of the Bacillus strains tested, while 10.3 to 56% loss in activity was observed for the other isolates after one hour incubation at 70°C. Addition of metal salts or additives to the crude extract was found to inhibit the enzyme activity to a varying degree, with the following order Hg2+> EDTA > Na > Urea > Mg2+ > Ca2+ observed. Findings from this study indicate the potential use of sawdust and digestive bran as cheaper alternatives for the production of xylanases.
Key words: Bacillus sp, digestive bran, sawdust, thermostability, xylanase.
Simphiwe P. Buthelezi, Ademola O. Olaniran* and Balakrishna Pillay
Page: 1 - 11
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The presence of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler houses: Results of a longitudinal study
Yavuz Cokal1*, Vildan Caner2, Aysin Sen3, Cengiz Cetin3 and Murat Telli4
1Bandirma Vocational School, Balikesir University, 10200, Bandirma, Balikesir, Turkey.
2Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20020, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey.
3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16059, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey.
4Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, 09100, Aytepe, Aydin, Turkey.
Accepted 18 January, 2019
Abstract
In this study, the presence of Campylobacter jejuni in water lines of commercial broiler house and its role in the epidemiology of the infection of broiler flocks was investigated. The study was done in three sequential commercial broiler flocks previously known to be infected with C. jejuni in two poultry houses with different water sources. C. jejuni was identified in drinking water and drinking nipple swab samples in water-line samples from both houses. Fresh fecal dropping samples were taken from broiler flocks for determination of C. jejuni-carriage. Twenty and 130 C. jejuni isolates were recovered from water-line system and fecal dropping samples, respectively. A total of 150 C. jejuni isolates were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with SmaI digestion and 9 distinct PFGE patterns were identified. Six and 5 different PFGE types were identified in houses 1 and 2, respectively. C. jejuni isolates, recovered from water lines samples, were genotypically similar to the isolates from fresh fecal dropping in both houses. These results showed that C. jejuni water-line contamination was related to flock contamination and could help to continuously make it infected with C. jejuni.
Key words: Campylobacter jejuni, broiler, water, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
Aysin Sen, Yavuz Cokal*, Vildan Caner, Cengiz Cetin and Murat Telli
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Recombinant matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) can promote mineralization in vitro
Ai Lin1, Wang Huiyuan2*, Hu Hua3, Liu Yanqing4, Ma Tiehua1 and Zhai Jingyun1
1Department of Stomatology, People’s Liberation Army No. 12 hosipital, Kuonabazha road 13, Kashi, 844200, China.
2Department of Stomatology, People’s Liberation Army No. 323 hosipital, Jianshe West Road 66, Xi’an, 710048, China.
3Department of Institution, People’s Liberation Army No. 12 hosipital, Kuonabazha road 13, Kashi, 844200, China.
4Out-patient Department, People’s Liberation Army No. 12 hosipital, Kuonabazha road 13, Kashi, 844200, China.
Accepted 17 January, 2019
Abstract
The matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) gene is highly expressed in tumors that cause oncogenic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia (OHO). MEPE is also known as one of the bone-tooth matrix proteins and is associated with bone and teeth mineralization. We developed a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against recombinant human MEPE after cloning its cDNA from the cDNA library of a human brain cDNA library. Using this anti-body, we analyzed the distribution of MEPE in dog dental germ tissue by immunohistochemistry. In these specimens, MEPE was predominantly expressed by odontoblast cells and predentin, but not by dental pulp cells. Furthermore we used von kossa staining. And the results suggested that MEPE could induce mineralization and we propose that this protein has a potential effect on dental rehabilitation.
Key words: Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein, mineralization Von kossa.
Ai Lin, Liu Yanqing, Ma Tiehua and Zhai Jingyun, Hu Hua, Wang Huiyuan*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Complement C1, C3 and C4 levels in sera of leishmaniasis cases in Turkey
Limoncu M. E.1*, anlida T.2, Balcio lu I. C.3, Akçali S.2, Özensoy S.4 and Özbel Y.4
1Department of Microbiology, Vocational School of Health Services, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
2Department of Microbiology, Celal Bayar University School of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey.
3Department of Parasitology, Celal Bayar University School of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey.
4Department of Parasitology, Ege University School of Medicine, zmir, Turkey.
Accepted 09 January, 2019
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is still a problem for many countries including developed ones. The subgroups of the serum complements have significant roles on the onset of the infection. The aim of this study was to determine the serum complement (C1, C3, C4) levels of cases with definite diagnosis of leishmaniasis and compare them with healthy controls. The study group included 43 visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and 13 cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases. Two control groups were formed for the study. The first control group included 50 individuals of the same age group having no health complaints, admitted for routine control and found to be serologically negative. The second control group included 28 individuals, consistent with the diagnostic criteria of VL. The serum complement levels of C1, C3 and C4 were measured by the nephelometric method. The average levels of C1 were found to be high in VL cases (78.98%) and low in CL (41.69%) group, which was statistically significant (p=0.011). In addition, the average levels of C3 were high in CL group (96.08%) and low in VL group (62.00%), which was also statistically significant (p=0.010) . C4 levels were found to be high in the control group, while similar in VL and CL groups. C1, C3, C4 levels were found to be lower in the first control group of healthy individuals. The levels of the subgroups of complement system show statistically significant in both VL and CL cases, which suggested that they could be useful in verifying the results of the serological examinations.
Key words: Leishmaniasis, complement levels, C1, C3, C4.
anlida T, Akçali S, Limoncu M. E*, Balcio lu I. C, Özensoy S and Özbel Y
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and characterization of antagonistic bacteria against fusarium wilt and induction of defense related enzymes in banana
J. B. Sun, M. Peng*, Y. G. Wang, P. J. Zhao and Q. Y. Xia
Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No. 4, Xue yuan Road, Long hua District, Hai kou City, Post code: 571101, Hai nan Prov. China.
Accepted 30 December, 2018
Abstract
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum is considered a fatal disease to bananas. Chemical control of Fusarium wilt in bananas has received little efficiency. Alternatively, biological control is a viable strategy against soil-borne diseases. The objectives of this research were to isolate antagonistic bacteria and investigate the possible mechanisms against Fusarium wilt. An antagonistic Bacillus strain, termed KY-21 against F. oxysporum f. sp. Cubense was isolated from the soil of banana’s rhizosphere by dual culture. The strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis according to the characteristics of its morphology and by homology analysis of its 16S rDNA sequence. Mycelium growth of the pathogen was seriously inhibited after treatment with the fermentation filtrate of KY-21. Observation revealed that the tips of the hypha were deformed into spherical structures that were remarkably constricted. The strain KY-21 displayed a good ability to colonize and can transfer into banana tissues. The activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) in bananas showed an increase after inoculated with KY-21, compared to control. In vivo biocontrol assays showed a significant reduction in wilt index and vascular discoloration. These results indicated that the antagonistic mechanisms against Fusarium wilt were involved in the inhibition of mycelial growth and the improvement in activity of defense related enzymes.
Key words: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense, antagonistic bacteria, screen, colonization, enzyme activity.
J. B. Sun, Y. G. Wang, P. J. Zhao and Q. Y. Xia, M. Peng*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Continuous butyric acid production by corn stalk immobilized Clostridium thermobutyricum cells
Wei Li1, Hui-Juan Han2 and Chun-hui Zhang3*
1College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
2College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
3Henan Sansheng Pharmaceutical Industrial Co. Ltd., Xinxiang 453000, China.
Accepted 12 January, 2019
Abstract
Corn stalks were used as a support to immobilize Clostridium thermobutyricum in a fermentation process for butyric acid production. The effects of pH and acetic acid concentration on butyric acid production were examined in a steady- state 25-day continuous flow operation. A metabolic shift was induced by changing pH of the medium. The maximum and the minimum ratio of butyric acid and acetic acid produced in the fermentation process were achieved at pH 7.0 and 5.0, respectively, and the maximum yield of butyric acid was observed at pH 6.0. The addition of acetate in the medium has resulted in an increased butyric acid final concentration. The maximum total butyric acid concentration of 15.82 g/l was obtained at pH 6.0 with 10 g/l acetic acid concentration in the medium. The cell adsorption and morphology change during the growth phase on corn stalk support were examined by the scanning electronic microscope (SEM).
Key words: Butyric acid, corn stalk, immobilized cells, Clostridium thermobutyricum.
Hui-Juan Han and Chun-hui Zhang*, Wei Li
Page: 1 - 6