Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Sugars waste, an alternative growth and complete medium for fast growing Rhizobium cells

A. K. Singh¹, G. Singh¹, R. P. Bhatt², S. Pant¹, A. Naglot^3* and L. Singh³

¹Dolphin (P.G) Institute of Biomedical and Natural Science, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

²Departments of Botany and Microbiology, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India.

³Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag No.2, Tezpur, Assam, India.

Accepted 23 March, 2019

Abstract

The sugar waste (molasses) was tested for various physiochemical parameters. After examination of various physiochemical parameters, growth and population count of Rhizobium meliloti MTCC-100 was monitored at different concentrations of sugar waste (10, 20, 30 and up to 100%) in terms of optical density (OD) and colony forming unit (C.F.U.). Growth and cell count of Rhizobium were highest in 10% sugar waste concentration. Growth pattern of the bacteria was observed at 10% sugar waste along with different synthetic media (tryptone yeast extract medium, rhizobium minimal medium and yeast extract medium). Growth of bacteria in 10% sugar waste was found to be superior to standard media (TY, RMM and YEM) used for Rhizobium. The important environmental parameters like pH and temperature were optimized for 10% sugar waste as growth medium. A pH of 7.0 and temperature of 28°C were found to be the most suitable for the fast growing R. meliloti MTCC-100.

Key words: Rhizobium meliloti, sugar waste, synthetic media, colony forming unit.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Diversity of yeasts involved in the fermentation of tchoukoutou, an opaque sorghum beer from Benin

A.  P. P. Kayodé^1*, G. Vieira-Dalodé¹, A. R. Linnemann², S. O. Kotchoni³, A. J. D. Hounhouigan¹, M. A. J. S. van Boekel² and M. J. R. Nout⁴

¹Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin.

²Product Design and Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.

³Department of Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey 08102, USA.

⁴Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Accepted 04 March, 2019

Abstract

Opaque sorghum beers are traditional alcoholic beverages in several African countries. Known as tchoukoutou in Benin, the beer is often obtained from an uncontrolled fermentation. It is consumed in an actively fermenting state and has a sour taste. The present study characterized and identified the yeasts involved in the fermentation process of this type of beer using the phenotypical approach. Of 12 beers from 4 different locations, the mean values of the pH, titratable acidity, dry matter content and refractive index were respectively 3.67, 0.70 (% as lactic acid) 18.08% and 7.00. Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts were the predominant microorganisms involved in the fermentation of tchoukoutou. Their counts were respectively 9.1 log cfu/ml and 9.1 logcfu/g. Enterobacteriaceae were not detectable in the beer. Based on the phenotypic characters and the assimilation profiles of 40 isolated yeasts, four genera with seven species of yeasts were identified. The yeast species predominant in the Benin opaque sorghum beer tchoukoutou was Saccharomyces cerevisae.

Key words: Sorghum, beer, tchoukoutou, Saccharomyces cerevisae, yeast,

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Improving the efficiency of involved bacteria in aeration tanks of waste water stations

Abou-Seada, M. N. I.^1,3*, Al-assal, S.^2,3 and Abdalla, S. M.^2,3

¹Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

²Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt.

³Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University K. Saudi Arabian.

Accepted 15 February, 2019

Abstract

Advanced bioremediation in waste water and sewage treatments currently represents one of the important aspects of biotechnology. The removal of pathogenic microorganisms, complex hydrocarbons, heavy metals and nutrients were intensively investigated. The present work aims to improve the efficiency of involved bacteria in aeration tanks for maximizing mineralization process of organic substances and consequently reduce the time of the treatment process. Other target is the elimination of nutrients (N & P) to avoid their environmental and hazardous effects. In order to achieve these goals, isolation and identification of dominant microflora in aeration tanks were carried out and highly active strains were selected. Trails are newly done for hybridization or cloning one or more of dominant strains to increase their oxidizing efficiency. A pilot experiment was established in a green house to stimulate biological stage of municipal plant and to test the achieved genetically modified strains (Modell experiment). Also, monthly data were recorded of 20 parameters to highlight and controlling input and output of wastewater station of Taif city. Biological oxygen demand (BOD₅) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) clearly decreased in out fluent indicating lower organic load. The decrease of total organic carbon (TOC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS) assured the previous obtained data. Presence of large amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the out fluent means the efficiency of aeration pumping process. Nitrate content (NO₃^-) and nitrite content (NO₂^-) were sharply decreased in the out fluent indicating the higher requirement of H-acceptors. NH₃ (ammonia content) decrease, however total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) increase were due to intensive microbial bodies load. Total hardness (TH) decrease, which means lower conc. of Ca⁺⁺ and Mg⁺⁺ and better quality of output water. pH values were slightly decreased because of microbial acidic products. Turbidity was dramatically reduced because of different precipitation process. Phosphorous (P) content and Sulfate (SO₄ ⁼) content decreased indicating consumption or fixion in microflora bodies. Otherwise, chloride (Cl^-) content were increased in outfluent because of chlorination process. Oil and grease were quite reduced in the outfluent. Finally, different heavy metals and hydrocarbons were found in the limit or lower than the permit levels globally. Total microbial count increased considerably in outfluent, especially in summer months; however, fermentative bacteria were very low because of enough O₂ present in outfluent. Only 15 strains of 280 isolates (about 5.4%) were found to be highly active in mineralizing organic substances which were completely identified. The most active one was used to modify the dominant strains by cloning technology and reinoculated in the pilot experiment

Key words: Waste water bioremediation, sewage microflora, mineralization of organic pollutants, eutrofication phenomena, microbial cloning, ligation reaction.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-003, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effects of four weeks training on leptin levels in junior female judokas

Yücel OCAK

School of Physical Education and Sports, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar-Turkey. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 12 February, 2019

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of four weeks judo training on plasma leptin levels. Twenty-five female national team athletes with a mean age of 18.12±1.12 years; body weight of 62.72±22.72 kg; body height of 164.28±7.28 cm, BMI of 23.17±6.28 kg/m²; training experience of 6.56±5.44 years participated in this study. The data were collected from junior female judokas who trained six times in a week for two hours daily. Physical measurements and blood samples were taken before and after four weeks of training including technical, tactical and physical preparations. Body fat percentages were measured by using the Tanita Bioimpedance BC-418 (Tokio, Japan). Statistical Package for Social Science 15.0 (SPSS) was used to analyse the obtained results. Before and after the training, paired samples t-test was used to evaluate the differences between serum leptine and body fat percentages. Results of this study showed that pre-training serum leptin levels were significantly lower than post-training levels (p<0.01). There was also significant decrease in body fat percentages after four week training (p<0.01). Four weeks judo training results in a decrease in total body fat and serum leptin level in junior female judokas. It may be considered that lowered serum leptin levels were due to the decrease of the body fat percentage after four weeks training.

Key words: Plasma leptin, body fat, female judokas.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis, brucellar arthritis and Behcet’s disease

Buket Cicio lu Arido an¹*, Emel Sesli Çetin¹, Mehmet Yildirim², Selçuk Kaya¹, Ali Murat Ceyhan², Mustafa Demirci¹, Serpil Sava³, Onur Ural⁴ and Selami Akku³

¹Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.

²Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Turkey.

³Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Katip Çelebi University zmir, Turkey.

⁴Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University Isparta, Turkey.

⁵Department of Infectious diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuklu, Selcuk University, Turkey.

⁶Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Ankara, Turkey.

Accepted 23 March, 2019

Abstract

In Behcet’s disease (BD) and Brucellosis, joint involvement is very common and it may share similarities with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCP) are evaluated as more specific autoantibodies than rheumatoid factor (RF) in RA. The aim of this study is to determine whether anti-CCP antibodies are useful in the differential diagnosis of RA from other arthritis or not. 153 serum samples were used in the study; 34 from RA patients, 26 from brucellar arthritis, 20 from BD with arthritis, 41 from BD without arthritis and 32 from healthy controls. In vitro quantitative, anti-CCP levels were measured by using fluoroenzyme-immunoassay (FEIA) method. Among RA patients, 73.5% were anti-CCP-positive and 70.5% were RF-positive. While there was a statistical difference in the anti- CCP and RF positivity rates between RA and brucellar arthritis patients, BD patients and healthy controls (p = 0.0001), there was no statistical difference between BD patients with arthritis and BD patients without arthritis. Also none of the Brucellar arthritis patients was positive for anti-CCP antibodies, one of them were positive for RF. Our results indicate that anti- CCP antibodies are not associated with brucellar arthritis or BD with joint involvement and since they show high specificity and good sensitivity for RA, they can be evaluated as a better marker than RF especially for the differentiation of RA from other types of arthritis such as BD and brucellar arthritis.

Key words: Rheumatoid arthritis, Behcet's disease, brucellar arthritis, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, rheumatoid factor.