Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of psychiatric morbidity and quality of life in inactive HbsAg carriers

Abdulkadir Küçükbayrak¹*, Fatih Canan², Aytekin Alçelik³, Gülali Akta³, Esra Koçoğlu⁴ and Tekin Ta⁴

¹Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Bolu, Turkey.

²Clinic of Psychiatry, Bolu Izzet Baysal Mental Health Hospital, Bolu, Turkey.

³Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.

⁴Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.

Accepted 22 March, 2019

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection develops in forms from asymptomatic carrier to cirrhosis. There are several studies examining the quality of life of patients with HBV in literature. However, only two studies have investigated the psychiatric morbidity in hepatitis B patients. In this study, we evaluated psychiatric morbidity and quality of life in inactive HbsAg carriers. This case-controlled study was performed among 26 healthy volunteers as control group and 31 inactive HbsAg carriers. Seven (22.5%) of our Hepatitis B patients were found to have an Axis I psychiatric diagnosis. For the carriers, the diagnoses made were major depression (3 patients), major depression with conversion disorder (1 patient), moderate depressive disorder (1 patient), cyclothymic disorder (1 patient), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (1 patient). No significant difference was found between carriers and controls in terms of quality of life scores and anxiety and depression scores. According to these findings, the patients with hepatitis should undergo psychiatric evaluation by a specialist. Also, physicians should be aware that emotional and psychiatric support is not necessary for all of the patients with hepatitis B.

Key words: Inactive HbsAg carrier, psychiatric morbidity, quality of life.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-008, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of amino acid requirements on the growth and lactic acid production of PEDIOCOCCUS  ACIDILACTICI culture

Wiramsri Sriphochanart¹, Wanwisa Skolpap²*, Jeno M. Scharer³, Murray Moo-Young³ and Peter L. Douglas³

¹Department of Chemistry Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage Pathumtani 13180 Thailand.

²Department of Chemical Engineering, Thammasat University (Rangsit campus), Pathumtani 12120 Thailand.

³Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.

Accepted 16 March, 2019

Abstract

The aim of this research was to investigate essential groups of amino acids and effect of amino acid supplementation. P. ACIDILACTICI culture was grown in chemically defined medium (CDM) with initial pH 6.35 and at 30°C. To minimize the number of experiments, the experimental design was based on grouping the metabolic amino acid pool. The selected amino acid groups were the following: a) phenylalanine and tyrosine; b) lysine, methionine, isoleucine; c) leucine and valine and d) histidine. The concentration of each selected amino acid in original CDM was 50 mg/l while its concentration in the modified CDM was reduced to 25 mg/l. Concentrations of biomass, lactic acid, glucose, and selected amino acids were measured. It was found that amount of Ile, Met, and Lys added in CDM-grown P. ACIDILACTICI was directly affected lactic acid production rate. Limitation of Phe, Tyr, Leu, Val, and His concentration added had the largest effect on cell growth and lactic acid production. The maximum specific growth rate (µ_max) and the lactic acid production rate obtained from fermentation in modified CDM with 25 mg/l of Phe and Tyr (Run # A) and Leu and Val (Run # C), as compared with fermentation in original CDM, were improved by a factor of 3.4 and a factor of 2.7, respectively. The sub-optimal composition of amino acids in modified CDM was 25 mg/l of Phe, Tyr, Leu and Val at pH 5.5-5.8.

Key words: Lactic acid bacteria, Pediococcus acidilactici, lactic acid, amino acid.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Comparison and evaluation of steroid alkaloid solasodine on IN  VIVO  and IN  VITRO  cultures of SOLANUM SURATTENSE  Burm L.

Mahmood Solouki¹, Hajar Hoshyar¹, Mahmood Ramroudi² and Abolfazl Tavassoli³*

¹Department of Biotechnology, University of Zabol, Iran.

²Assistant professor of Horticulture, University of Zabol, Iran.

³Department of Agriculture, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran.

Accepted 09 March, 2019

Abstract

Steroid alkaloid solasodine is a nitrogen analogue of diosgenin that is used as a raw material for synthesis of steroid drugs. Plant medicinal SOLANUM SURATTENSE (SOLANACEAE) is a rich source of solasodine. The purpose of this study was production and maintenance of callus from leaves and comparison of solasodine steroid alkaloid production in outdoor plants and IN VITRO calli. The leaves were collected, sterilized and placed on MS medium supplemented with BAP (1 to 2 mg/l) and NAA (1 to 3 mg/l). The samples were kept in a growth chamber at 25°C with 16/8 (day/night) photoperiod and irradiance of 3000 to 2000 lux. The methanol extracts was performed to obtain solasodine from 2 g dry weight of each leaves and calluses and then injected into the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. The results showed that solasodine produced by leaves was 0.3316 mg/g whereas, the solasodine content obtained from calluses were 0.3951 mg/g (in 1 mg / l BAP + 2 mg / l NAA) and 0.3908 mg/g (in 1 mg / l BAP + 3 mg / l NAA). Plant tissue cultures have been suggested as a potential tool for solasodine production.

Key words: Callus induction, Solanum surattense Burm, in vitro, in vivo, Solasodine, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Common bacterial isolates associated with semen of men attending the fertility clinic of the university of Benin teaching hospital (U.B.T.H), Benin City, Nigeria

Ekhaise, F. O.* and Richard, F. R.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, P. M. B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria.

Accepted 19 March, 2019

Abstract

Fifty seminal samples were studied to determine the microbial influence in male infertility as well as the qualitative and quantitative features of the semen. Among the three bacterial isolates obtained from the sample, Staphylococcus aureus 7(77.8%) was found to be the most predominant isolate, other isolates were Escherichia coli 1(11.1%) and Citrobacter spp. In relation to semen concentration S. aureus was observed to be most frequently distributed among the characterized semen. The recovery frequency of organisms associated with the semen types revealed that 2(40%) of organisms were recovered of azoospermia, 6(20.68%) oligozoospermia and 1(6.25%) normozoospermia. The motility of the semen was greatly influenced by the presence of the isolated bacterial. The motility of semen was recorded to be 20, 10 and 45% for S. aureus, E. coli and Citrobacter sp., respectively, as against the normal semen motility of 50% or more. The presence and profound influence of microorganisms in semen is evidence that microorganisms played significant role in male -infertility.

Key words: Semen, bacterial isolates, men, infertility and Benin teaching hospital (UBTH), Benin City.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Survey of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in Iran-Tehran: A retrospective study

Hadizadeh Tasbiti A. R.¹, Yari S. H.¹*, Karimi A.¹, Fateh A.¹, Bahrmand A.^1,2, Saifi M.¹, Jabarzadeh E.¹, Masomi M.¹, Noor Nematolahi A.¹, Khanipoor S.¹, Ebrahimzadeh N.¹, Ghazanfari M¹, Sakhaii F¹, Blori F¹, Balmeh H.¹, Vahidi E.¹, Abdolrahimi F.¹ and Poorazar Sh.¹

¹Department of Mycobacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave 13164, Tehran-Iran.

²Department of Molecular Pathology, Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.

Accepted 09 March, 2019

Abstract

The emergence and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR) has raised public health concern about global control of TB. Our objective was to estimate the incidence of XDR-TB as compared to susceptible controls from TB patients in Tehran-Iran between 2006 and 2009.Sputum culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST) was done for patients with known or suspected TB. The strains that were identified as MDR were subjected to susceptibility testing for second-line drugs. Of 1126 culture-positive cases with first line drug susceptibility test, 91(8.08%) were Non-tuberculosis (Atypical) isolates, 8(0.7%) M. BOVIS and 1027(91.2%) M. TUBERCULOSIS. We detected MDR-TB in 26 patients (2.5%), of whom 2(7.7%) had XDR-TB. One of the XDR-TB patients with positive HIV infection died. This study cannot give an indication of XDR-TB rates in Iran. However, the results of this study document the existence of XDR-TB in Iran and indicate a need for surveillance data to define the magnitude and trends of this serious, contagious disease.

Key words: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB), tuberculosis

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Identification of thirteen up-expressed sequence tags from Monascus pilosus mutant MK-1

Mingyong Zhang^1,2, Xing Yang^1,3, Tsuyoshi Miyake², Yaqing Wang⁴* and Kuaifei Xia¹

¹Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.

²Industrial Technology Center of Okayama Prefecture, Haga 5301, Okayama, Japan.

³Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

⁴College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.

Accepted 19 March, 2019

Abstract

Monascus pilosus MK-1 is a mutant of M. pilosus IFO4520, which is used to brew the red yeast rice for food industry as functional food additives or food colorants. The obvious phenotypes of the mutant MK-1 showed a high productivity of lovastatin and red pigments, slow growth of the fungal mycelia comparing with the wild type IFO4520. Through the suppression subtractive hybridization, we identified 30 up-expressed sequence tags (up-EST) (AB193486 to AB193498) from the mutant MK-1. Among them, 10 of the up-ESTs were homologues of the known-functional genes. Two up-ESTs (AB193498 and AB193494) are the transcript factor-related gene homologues, and they were homologous with the phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase and the transcription factor respectively. Three up-ESTs (AB193487, AB193496 and AB193497) were homologous with pyruvate carboxylase, glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and ATP-dependent protease respectively, and the three genes are involved in the carbon metabolism. Four up-ESTs (AB193486, AB193488, AB193491 and AB193495) were homologous with the ADP-ribosylation factors. An up-EST (AB193490) was a homologue of penicillin-binding protein. These up-ESTs might indicate to explain the phenotypic differences between the wild type IFO4520 and the mutant MK-1.

Key words: Monascus pilosus, lovastatin, EST, red pigment.