Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Competence and Survival of Lambs Following Transfer of Small Twin or Triple Embryos to Large Non-Prolific Recipient Sheep

S.    M. K. Naqvi¹, A. Joshi¹, D. Kumar¹, R. Gulyani¹, V. P Maurya¹, S. Saha¹, J. P. Mittal¹ and V. K. Singh²

¹Embryo Transfer Technology Laboratory, Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, (Via –Jaipur), Rajasthan-304501, India.

²Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar (Via-Jaipur) Rajasthan 304501, India.

Accepted 8 October, 2018

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to assess the embryo survival and development of progeny following transfer of either 2 or 3 embryos derived from dwarf size prolific Garole sheep into non-prolific large size Awassi x Malpura crossbred recipient ewes. Embryos were collected from donor ewes following induction of superovulation using FSH (5.4 mg Ovagen) and PMSG (200 IU) regimen. Estrus was synchronized in donor and recipient ewes by administering two injections of prostaglandin F2 a. The recipient ewes were divided into two groups and each recipient ewe received either 2 (Group 1) or 3 embryos (Group 2) of transferable quality in the uterine horn ipsilateral to corpus luteum. The recipient ewes of both the groups were examined for the presence of fetuses at 40 days of gestation by ultrasonography. The pregnancy and lambing percentages of ewes belonging to Group 2 were 57%, which was comparatively higher than Group 1 ewes where it was 42.9%. The survival of embryos was 38.1% in Group 2 and was higher compared to Group 1 (28.6%). The survival of lambs at weaning was higher in Group 1, compared to Group 2. The results indicate that survival of embryos and pregnancy rate was better following transfer of 3 than 2 embryos of prolific sheep to non-prolific sheep.

Key words: Microsheep, garole, embryo transfer, embryo survival, multiple births.
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Incorporation and Preservation of Newcastle Disease Virus on Filter Papers with Detection of Viral RNA via a Single-Tube RT-PCR Assay

P. N. Wambura*

School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Agriculture and Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected].

Accepted 21 October, 2024

Suitability of storing infected allantoic fluid (AF) and cell culture supernatants (CCS) with strain I-2 of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) on Whatman filter papers at room temperature (22-25°C) and 37°C was determined. RNA was extracted from filter papers or liquid aliquots and subjected to reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR). The results showed that filter papers soaked with NDV infected AF or CCS stored at 37°C yielded amplicons with intensity similar to that kept at room temperature for up to 150 days. The study demonstrates that NDV infected samples can be soaked onto filter papers, stored and subsequently detected by RT-PCR. This method might be safely used for storage and transportation of NDV samples to the designated laboratories for molecular studies without the need for cooling.

Key words: Allantoic fluid, chicken embryo fibroblast, Newcastle diseases virus, polymerase chain reaction, RNA storage onto filter paper, strain I-2.
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Somatic embryogenesis in two Iranian date palm cultivars

Parisa Eshraghi^1,2, Reza Zarghami³*, and Mitra Mirabdulbaghi⁴

¹Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Iran.
²Department of Biology, Khatam University, Iran.
³Agricultural Biotechnology Researching Institute of Iran, Mahdasht Road, Karaj, P.O.Box: 31535-1897, Iran.

⁴Department of Horticulture, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Iran.

Accepted 12 August, 2017

Abstract

Shoot tips were removed from 3 to 4 year-old offshoots of adult date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Khanizi and Mordarsing) and were cultured on medium that consisted of Murashige and Skoog basal salts medium. After 12 months they were transferred to three different treatments of growth regulators. Five months later, cv. Khanizi produced embryogenic callus on a medium containing 453 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 15 µM N2- (2-isopentenyl) adenine (2ip), and 13 µM 6-benzyl amino purine. This callus was subcultured to another medium that was supplemented with 54 µM NAA and 148 µM 2ip. At this stage the embryos grew into plantlets. The cv. Mordarsing explants, on a medium containing 679 µM 2,4-D and 15 µM 2ip, produced embryogenic callus but the embryos remained in the globular stage.

Key words: Callus, in vitro tissue culture, offshoot, Phoenix dactylifera, regenerant.
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

In Vitro Regeneration of Hybrid Cashew Plantlets (Anacardium occidentale L.) via Embryo Culture Techniques

Aliyu, O. M.¹* and Awopetu J.A.²

¹Department of Plant Breeding, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P. M. B 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria.
²Department of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Accepted 9 May, 2024

Abstract

Embryos from immature nuts of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) were cultured in vitro to regenerate improved hybrid plantlets. Explants (embryo) were excised from developing F1 hybrid immature nuts derived from diallel cross and harvested at 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-weeks after pollination (WAPo) for in vitro culture. The explants were surface sterilized, aseptically dissected and cultured into pure basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium and MS medium supplemented with 1 mM each of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyladenine (BA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) and subsequently observed for germination and survival rates until successful ones were transferred to the field. Age of explants was found to significantly influence both the germination and survival rates. Explants of 6 weeks old and above were found to give better germination rate and highest survival percentage in this study. Only MS medium supplemented with 1 mM of gibberellic acid (MS+GA3) supported germination and growth at 2-WAPo, suggesting the essentiality of GA3 as a growth regulator to a very young cashew embryo. Analysis also showed that factors such as medium composition, age of embryo and genotype (accession) significantly influence the germination rate of cashew embryo. It was observed that cashew embryos were found to be autonomy of growth regulator as the age increases and medium composition is only critical at very young age of the embryo. Successful germinated explants simultaneously produced shoot and root and were ready for transfer to field and acclimatization, between 90 and 112 days after inoculation.

Key words: Anacardium occidentale, in vitro culture, explant, embryo.
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Exploring Callus Proliferation and Somatic Embryogenesis in Gossypium hirsutum L.

Ikram-ul-Haq

Researcher Plant Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P. O.
Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan. E-Mail: [email protected].

Accepted 14 July, 2024

Abstract

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration are fundamental to tissue culture biotechnology in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cv. Coker 312. Callus proliferation was considered best on MS1a (2.0 mg/L NAA; 0.1 mg/L ZT; 0.1 mg/L KT) when 6 weeks old callus was cultured from MS1b (0.1 mg/L 2, 4- D; 0.5 mg/L KT) medium, there is no need to select embryogenic calli for somatic embryogenesis, as all of them were converted to somatic embryos. NH4NO3 play an important role in differentiation of callus into somatic embryos but is lethal for embryos just after two weeks. However, KNO 3 is less efficient for somatic embryo induction but is best for embryo maturation. By this procedure 56.51% cotyledenary embryos were developed within 5 weeks. Of that, 82.05% cotyledenary embryos were developed not only into normal plantlets, but rooted simultaneously when cultured on MS (with 0.05 mg/L GA3) medium. A complete plant of Cocker-312 could be regenerated through somatic embryogenesis within 4 to 5 months.

Key words: Gossypium hirsutum L,plant regeneration, Coker 312, callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, in vitro regeneration.
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluating Growth Regulator Effects on Two Differently Cultured Explants of Carapa guianensis in vitro

Larisse Lobo de Oliveira¹, Anaíze Borges Henriques², Andrea Furtado Macedo^1,3*

¹Laboratório Integrado de Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde,
Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
²Laboratório de Fisiologia do Desenvolvimento Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências e da Saúde,
Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
³Centro de Inovação em Espectrometria de Massas do Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Centro de Ciências

Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +55 21 2530-2551.

Accepted 14 October, 2022

Abstract

Carapa guianensis Aubl. (Meliaceae), known locally as andiroba, is a multi-use species from Amazonia. Andiroba oil is considered an important natural product in the Brazilian market, and international demand is increasing due to its cosmetic and pharmaceutical potential. C. guianensis trees produce seed irregularly over different harvest periods, leading to inconsistent oil production and difficulties with supply. No management plans or protocols have been developed for in vitro or clonal production of Carapa seedlings and the maintenance of genetic resources. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of growth regulators on explants (young leaves, old leaves and apical buds). Explants consisting of leaf segments 1 cm on a side were cultivated in MS medium with and without growth regulators. Evaluation was based on fresh and dry weight of the explants after 20 days. In the media with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (5, 15, 35 or 45 µM), changes were observed in weight and explant appearance (callus). Bud breakage and development of shoots were achieved using 5 µM of 6-benzylaminopurine. Overall, the results showed that 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid stimulates callus formation on andiroba foliar explants, while 6-benzylaminopurine was superior to thidiazuron for the initial development of shoots.

Key words: Growth regulators, Carapa guianensis, in vitro, tissue culture, organogenesis.