Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper 

Creation of alternative energy by bio- ethanol production from pineapple waste and the usage of its properties for engine

A. B. M. S. Hossain* and A. R. Fazliny

Bioengineering laboratory, Programme of Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Accepted 15 April, 2015

Abstract

The world is facing problems of fossil fuels depletion. The problem of using fossil fuels can have an environmental impact due to the oxidation of CO₂, SO₂ and NO_X emission. In order to overcome those problems, there is an alternative fuel that can replace fossil fuel such as bioethanol and biodiesel. Bioethanol can be derived from biomass with many different varieties of feedstocks such as corn, sugarcane, wood and fruits wastes that are renewable and sustainable resources, which are easily accessible and reliable and can help to clean the environment from the wastes. The experiment was conducted to prove that, bioethanol can be produced from rotten pineapples waste through the biochemical reaction called fermentation by commercial yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae which is suitable for running petrol engine. The influencing parameters that affect the production of bioethanol from pineapples wastes were optimized. The effects of pH, temperatures, fermentation period, substrate concentration with and without water, components of pineapples from rotten and fresh ones were investigated. From the results, the optimal yield of bioethanol in the parameters such as pH, temperatures, fermentation period, substrate concentrations was found to be 8.7% having pH 4 at 30°C using 3 g/l. The result for viscosity was found under American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standard in different concentration of yeast. The anhydrous ethanol was analyzed and it was found that, there was no dangerous element in it’s acceptability as a transportation fuel based on ASTM standard. The elements that were mostly contained in the samples of ethanol production from pineapples wastes were Fe, Cu, Sn, Mn, Ag, Mo, Zn, P, Ca, Mg, Si, Na, B and V, but there was no significant difference among all elements.

Key word: Bioethanol, waste pineapple, yeast, temperature, viscosity.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper 

Observation on the occurrence and transmission pattern of Salmonella gallinarum in commercial poultry farms in Ogun State, South Western Nigeria

Agbaje M.¹*, Davies R.², Oyekunle M. A.¹, Ojo O. E.¹, Fasina F. O.³ and Akinduti P. A.¹

¹Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

²Veterinary Laboratories Agencies-Weybridge, New Haw, Addelstone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.

³Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.

Accepted 14 April, 2015

Abstract

Reports of heavy mortality in three commercial layer poultry farms and two meat-type turkey farms in Ogun State were received separately between March and December, 2008 at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. We investigated the cause of mortality, isolated and serotyped the aetiological agent, and carried out antimicrobial susceptibility testing. All five isolates serotyped were Salmonella Gallinarum and showed identical patterns of resistance and susceptibility to all antimicrobials used. The occurrence of ciprofloxacin resistance in all five isolates is of importance since fluoroquinolone resistance has implications for both veterinary and human therapy and the abuse of such medications in poultry could result in the emergence of resistant zoonotic organisms.

Key words: Occurrence, transmission pattern, Salmonella gallinarum poultry farms.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of Rhizobium innoculation, lime and molybdenum on nitrogen fixation of nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Sylvie Bambara and Patrick A. Ndakidemi*

Faculty of Applied Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town Campus, Keizersgracht, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.

Accepted 9 March, 2016

Abstract

A field and glass house experiment was conducted with the aim of evaluating Rhizobium inoculation, molybdenum (Mo) and lime supply on growth and nitrogen fixation of nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris. The experiment was laid in a split-split plot design. The experimental treatments consisted of 2 levels of Rhizobium inoculation (with rhizobia and without rhizobia) 3 levels of Mo (0, 6 and 12 g kg^-1 of seeds) and 3 levels of lime (0, 2 and 3 t ha^-1). Rhizobium inoculation showed significant increase in dry matter yield of different organs and decreased ¹⁵N values in all organs assessed, thus resulting to improved %  nitrogen derived from atmosphere (%Ndfa) in all organs and the amount of N derived from fixation. Molybdenum and lime were significantly effective in promoting plant growth in most organs and decreased ¹⁵N values in all organs for glasshouse and field experiment. Lowest ¹⁵N values were recorded in Mo and lime supplied at the highest rates of 6 and 12 g kg^-1 of seeds and 2 and 3 t lime per ha, respectively. Molybdenum and lime application also significantly improved %Ndfa in all organs and N derived from N-fixation in most organs. Significant responses in N nutrition were also reported in treatments involving the combination of Rhizobium x Mo x lime with better result being recorded in treatments involving Rhizobium inoculation and higher levels of Mo and lime.

Key words: Nodulated root,    ¹⁵N, %Ndfa, total N.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of Enterobiasis on primary school children

Ali Çeliksöz¹*, Mehmet Aciöz¹, Serpil De erli¹, A. Yasemin Öztop² and Ahmet Alim³

¹Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.

²Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.

³Laboratory of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Sivas, Turkey.

Accepted 10 March, 2016

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible adverse effects of Enterobiasis vermicularis infection on primary school children in Sivas, Turkey, to know whether it affects their school success, mean weight and height or not. Seven primary schools in the central region of Sivas were included in the present study. A total number of 3659 questionnaires were completed by class teachers and parents for each student. In the questionnaire, the height and weight of children, school success and other information about children were asked. The stool and cellophane tape specimens collected from the participated students were examined by light microscopy for the diagnosis of enterobiasis. The 365 (17.0%) out of 3569 of parasitic infections were E. vermicularis along with other parasites, and the 225 (10.5%) out of 3569 had only E. vermicularis. The weights and heights were found to be lower in children with enterobiasis. When school successes of the students were compared, there were statistically significant differences between the non parasitic group and the group with E. vermicularis. Enterobiasis is still an important problem seen among primary school children causing adverse effects on school success and physical growth especially in children from the first grades of primary schools.

Key words: Enterobiasis, school success, physical growth.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Diagnostic criteria in Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever disease and cost analysis

Sevki Hakan Eren¹*, lhan Korkmaz¹, Fatma Mutlu Kukul Güven¹, Can Aktas² and Didem Ay²

¹Emergency Department, Medical Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.

²Emergency Department, Medical Faculty, Yeditepe University, stanbul, Turkey.

Accepted 24 March, 2016

Abstract

In recent years, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever disease (CCHF) has created a serious health problem in our country. The disease takes place among haemorrhagic viral diseases. This study was made with CCHF diagnosed patients accepted in emergency services to determine the diagnostic criteria and cost effectivness for CCHF. CCHF patients who were accepted in our emergency service between 2004 and 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive value was calculated only for the patients who had 5 pathological laboratory parameters together (thromobcytopenia, high LDH, AST, ALT and CPK), and cost effectiveness analysis was made. During the five-year period, 687 patients had been evaluated. Significant pathologic results were established for alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) enzymes, platelet counts and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Fatigue, fever, bleeding, gastro intestinal symptoms and diffuse pain were the symptoms seen according to their frequencies. The patients were frequently admitted in July. Mortality, costs per patient and emergency service's crowdedness can be reduced by rapid diagnosis which can easily be made with a brief history of the patient’s occupation, physical examination and mentioned laboratory results sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive value.

Key words: Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, emergency service, diagnostic criteria.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2015 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antibiotic resistance microbes in tropical mangrove sediments in east coast peninsular, Malaysia

K. C. A. Jalal*, Nur Fatin U.T, Mardiana M.A, Akbar John B, Kamaruzzaman Y. B, Shahbudin S, and Muhammad Nor Omar

Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

Accepted 8 April, 2015

Abstract

The study has been conducted at Tanjung Lumpur, mangrove swamp on January 2009 to isolate and identify the bacterial community in mangrove soil and their resistance against antibiotics. Identified bacteria were Aeromonas hydrophila group 1 and 2, Escherichia coli 1, Chryseomonas luteola, Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia rubudaea, Klebsiella pnuemoniae and Enterobacter cloacae. The identified bacteria were introduced to fourteen different antibiotics to determine the bacterial susceptibility. All the isolates showed 100% resistant towards -lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin and penicillin), vancomycin, sulphafurazole, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, novobiocin, clindamycin and bacitracin indicates the presence of bacterial amidases and -lactamases in the bacteria which inhibit the action of - lactam antibiotics. Bacteria isolated from mangrove soil showed 66.7 and 77.8% resistance against chloramphenicol and streptomycin, respectively, suggesting that the lipid composition might play a key role in preventing the entrance or binding of antibiotic to the cell. All the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin since it inhibits the enzyme topoisomerase II that cause the negative super coil in DNA and thus permits transcription or replication. All bacterial isolates showed Multi Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index higher than 0.2 and proved high-risk sources of contamination of the environment. This study proved the presence of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains in mangrove soil that could be used for further studies.

Key words: Tanjung Lumpur, mangrove swamp, bacterial community, -lactam antibiotics, multi resistance antibiotic index.