ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Rapid detection of Salmonella species using an improved gel-based DNA microarray method
Xuhong Ye1,2,3, Yiming Wang1,2 and Xiangui Lin1,2*
1State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road, 71 Nanjing 210008, PR China.
2Joint Open Laboratory of Soil and the Environment, Hongkong Baptist University and Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
3Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
Salmonella, widely distributed in nature, is a great human and animal health hazard of a class of pathogens. Culture-based methods may require many days to detect Salmonella. Traditional microbiology could advantageously be replaced by DNA microarray technology. We described an improved 3-D polyacrylamide gel-based DNA microarray assay based on gyrB gene (DNA gyrase B subunit gene) sequences that can be used for the identification of Salmonella species. Primers specific for a gyrB gene region common to all 13 samples were synthesized and used for PCR amplification of purified DNA. An oligonucleotide probe for specific gyrB gene regions was developed for the identification of 7 Salmonella species. Acrylamide-modified oligonucleotides solutions containing acrylamide monomer, glycerol, APS and probe were prepared at the desired concentration. The solutions were spotted on the modified glass slide by ink jet using a microarrayer and then the slide was transferred to a vacuum chamber with TEMED, after that the slide was used for hybridization with fluorescently labeled ssDNA derived from amplified sample DNA to yield a pattern of positive spots. This microarray produced unique hybridization patterns for species of Salmonella and could differentiate closely related bacterial species. The sample preparation and microarray method used in this study increased sensitivity and reduces time-to-result for detection of Salmonella. The described method allowed microarray monitoring for Salmonella contamination of food and manure for aquaculture.
Key words: Salmonella, gyrB gene, PCR, DNA microarray, TEMED.
Yiming Wang and Xiangui Lin*, Xuhong Ye
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Highly virulent Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida isolated from Taiwan paradise fish, Macropodus opercularis (L.), in Taiwan
Pan-Chen Liu1, Ching-Fu Cheng1, Chen-Hsuan Chang1, Shiun-Long Lin1, Way-Shyan Wang1*, Shao-Wen Hung2, Ming-Hui Chen1,5, Cheng-Chung Lin3, Ching-Yu Tu4, and Yu-Hsing Lin6
1Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
2Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
3Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
4Residue Control Division, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan.
5The Livestock Disease Control Center of Taichung City, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
6Nursing Department of Yuanpei University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
In Taiwan, a fish conservation farm had about 6,250 Taiwan paradise fishes, Macropodus opercularis (L.), which were separately cultivated in an outdoor tank containing 3,250 fishes, and an indoor tank containing the rest. The water supplying both tanks was the same running water source from the adjacent hills. Following a change in the fish feed (the commercial aquaculture feed became eel’s feed) to all fishes in May 2010, rotten body surfaces were only found in diseased and dead fishes in the outdoor tank. Interestingly, no sick fishes were found in the indoor tank. The clinical findings of the diseased fishes were bleeding at basal fins, peripheral site of genital pore, and bilateral surface of the abdomen. Additionally, we discovered whitish-mucus gills, edema of the intestines, and multi-focal white tubercles in infected fishes during gross examination. The results of the histopathology study showed that there were numerous multi-focal granulomas in the spleen, posterior kidney, and liver. Furthermore, Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida was isolated from lesions of the ailing fishes. We conducted an experimental animal virulence test, and our data revealed that P. damselae subsp. piscicida was a highly virulent pathogen. Fortunately, P. damselae subsp. piscicida appeared to be susceptible to most commonly used antimicrobial agents, according to the results of the antibiotic sensitivity study. We recommended a treatment with oxolinic acid (20 mg/kg/day) in the feed for 7 days for all Taiwan paradise fishes. The fishes’ condition significantly improved and the disease appeared to be controlled.
Key words: Conservation, photobacteriosis, Taiwan paradise fish, virulence.
and Yu-Hsing Lin, Ming-Hui Chen, Ching-Yu Tu, Shiun-Long Lin, Chen-Hsuan Chang, Ching-Fu Cheng, Shao-Wen Hung, Pan-Chen Liu, Way-Shyan Wang*, Cheng-Chung Lin
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
In search of enteroviruses in water media in Marrakech
Amina Hssaine1, Jawhar Gharbi2, Rafik Harrath2, Rajae Harrak3, Abderrahman Chait4, Mahjoub Aouni2 and Jamal Hafid1*
1Equipe Immuno-Parasitologie et Physiologie, Laboratoire Aliments, Environnement et Santé, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Gueliz, Marrakech, Morocco.
2Laboratoire des maladies transmissibles et substances biologiquement actives (MDT-01), Faculté de Pharmacie, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie.
3Laboratoire régional du diagnostic épidémiologique et de l’hygiène du Milieu, Marrakech Morocco.
4Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Marrakech, Morocco.
Accepted 7 February, 2019
Abstract
Enteroviruses are among the most common viruses infecting the human intestine; they are very widespread in nature and resistant to external agents. They are eliminated in the faeces and contaminate water and food. These viruses cause various clinical syndromes and constitute a big public health problem. The aim of our study was to search for enteroviruses in the water samples. For this, a total of 225 L of tap water coming from the national network office for drinking water (ONEP) and 18 samples of waste water originating from Marrakech city were studied. These samples were concentrated, treated with polyethylene glycol 6000 and then analyzed by RT-PCR. Only two samples were found to be positive for enteroviruses by RT- PCR among the 18 waste water samples analyzed, which gave a rate of 11.11%. On the other hand, no positive samples were found in the tap water. This study made it possible on the one hand to apply for the first time RT-PCR for the detection of enteroviruses in water samples originating from Marrakech city, and on the other hand to show that tap water of this city does not present any risk of contamination by this type of germ.
Key words: Drinking water, waste water, enterovirus, RT-PCR, Marrakech.
Rajae Harrak, Mahjoub Aouni and Jamal Hafid*, Abderrahman Chait, Amina Hssaine, Jawhar Gharbi, Rafik Harrath
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of glucose supplementation on CANDIDA ALBICANS virulence in immunosuppressed Swiss albino mice (MUS MUSCULUS)
Emira Noumi1*, Mejdi Snoussi1, Sonia El Ghoul2, Mahmoud Rouabhia3 and Amina Bakhrouf1
1Laboratoire d’Analyse, Traitement et Valorisation des Polluants de l’Environnement et des Produits, Département de Microbiologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Rue Avicenne, Monastir 5000, Tunisie.
2Laboratoire d’Histologie-Embryologie, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Monastir 5000, Tunisie. 3Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval Québec (Québec), G1V 0A6, Canada.
Accepted 23 January, 2019
Abstract
We investigated the effect of dietary carbohydrate supplementation on CANDIDA ALBICANS colonization using an animal model and a CANDIDA strain with both high phospholipase and proteinase activity. Normal and immunosuppressed mice were inoculated intraperitonially with C. ALBICANS and were allowed free access to drinking water supplemented or not with glucose. Blood and different organs including liver, spleen, lung and kidney were aseptically collected every 72 h post-infection. The presence and the growth of C. ALBICANS in blood and each organ were investigated. We also performed histopathologic investigations on each organ to assess tissue structure, the presence of C. ALBICANS, and its form (blastospore or hyphae). The results showed that on the third day post-inoculation, the cfu of C. ALBICANS per organ was significantly higher in mice inoculated by C. ALBICANS and receiving the glucose as supplement (433 cfu/liver) comparatively to the group receiving C. ALBICANS only (140 cfu/liver). Histological analysis revealed the presence of CANDIDA cells in blastospore and hyphal form, particularly in the CANDIDA-infected glucose-supplemented mice whose livers displayed oedema and leukocyte infiltration with a high density of polymorphonuclear cells. Overall results indicate that dietary glucose supplementation leads to higher rates of CANDIDA growth and invasion. This suggests that glucose restriction could be a possible way to control C. ALBICANS pathogenesis IN VIVO.
Key words: Candida albicans, glucose, immunosuppressed mice, experimental infection.
Sonia El Ghoul, Mejdi Snoussi, Mahmoud Rouabhia and Amina Bakhrouf, Emira Noumi*
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Expanding drug resistance through integron acquisition in Salmonella spp. isolates obtained in Iran
Bahareh Rajaei1, Seyed Davar Siadat1,2*, Mohamad Reza Razavi3, Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi 2, Nahid Sepehri Rad1, Farzad Badmasti4, Somieh Khanjani Jafroodi3, Taraneh Rajaei5, Arfa Moshiri6 and Saifuddin Javadian7
1Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
3Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
4Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
5Department of Immunology and Allergy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
6Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
7Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
A total eighty four epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovars were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular detection of class 1 and 2 integrons. Eleven isolates (13.1%) which were resistant to at least 4 groups of antimicrobial agents considered as MDR (multidrug resistant) Salmonella serovars. PCR assays detected intI1 and intI2 genes in 50 (59.5%) and 14 (16.7%) of Salmonella clinical isolates respectively. Emergence of MDR Salmonella serovars demonstrates that antimicrobial selection pressure is widespread and increased distribution of integron carrying gene cassettes which confer resistance to different antibiotics confirms that integron-mediated antibiotic resistance is considerable in our clinical settings.
Key words: Salmonella spp., integron, multidrug resistance (MDR).
Somieh Khanjani Jafroodi, Mohamad Reza Razavi, Seyed Davar Siadat*, Taraneh Rajaei, Bahareh Rajaei, Arfa Moshiri and Saifuddin Javadian, Farzad Badmasti, Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi, Nahid Sepehri Rad
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A new recommended disinfectant for dental instruments
Jamileh bigom Taheri1, Mahin Bakhshi1, Sedigheh Bakhtiari1*, Bahare Nazemi2, Fateme Fallah3, Sahand Rezaie5, Hamed Mortazavi1 and Somayyeh Azimi4
1Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
5General Practitioner, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
Enduro hand sanitizer is a new disinfecting agent that has recently been introduced as an effective antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agent. Considering the importance of infection control in dentistry, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of the foam and its ability to disinfect dental surfaces and instruments. An experimental study was designed to evaluate the microbial load of 50 samples which were obtained randomly from dental surfaces and instruments before and after application of the disinfecting foam. All samples were cultured in blood agar and nutrient agar culture media and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Colony count was subsequently performed after an additional 24 h. Furthermore, to evaluate the efficacy of the foam on different bacterial species, a blank disc was coated with foam and approximated with the bacteria. The clear zone around each disc was measured and reported (mm) after 48 h. The significance of differences between the data retrieved before and after applying the foam was determined using the non parametric Chi-square test. None of the species were colonized after the application of the foam. It was also shown to significantly reduce the colonization of resistant bacterial strains and the standard microbial species (P<0.05). Enduro hand sanitizer is an effective disinfectant capable of decontaminating dental instruments to the optimum level.
Key words: Antibacterial, disinfecting agent, dental instrument.
Mahin Bakhshi, Sedigheh Bakhtiari*, Fateme Fallah, Sahand Rezaie, Bahare Nazemi, Hamed Mortazavi and Somayyeh Azimi, Jamileh bigom Taheri
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