ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Germinability and seedling vigour of some arable crops treated with Albit® bioregulator and superhormai® fungicide
Anjorin, Toba Samuel* and Salako, Adebayo Ezekiel
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Abuja, PMB 117, Abuja, Nigeria.
Accepted 02 December, 2018
Abstract
This study assessed the germination and vigour of seeds of four arable crops (Arachis hypogea, Digitaria exilis, Vigna unguiculata and Zea mays) treated with Albit® bioregulator and also with superhormai® fungicide. Completely randomized laboratory trials showed that presoaking of seeds of A. hypogea, D. exilis V. unguiculata and Z. mays with 0.2 ml Albit® L-1 H2O produced significantly higher germination percentage, radicle and plumule lengths (P 0.05) than those of the control. Randomized pot and field trials showed that seedling emergence percentage (SEP), seedling vigour index (SVI), shoot growth rate (SGR) and shoot biomass (SBM) of the crops treated with Albit® + superhormai® were significantly higher (P 0.05) than the control. The root biomass (RBM) of D. exilis and V. unguiculata did not significantly differ (P >0.05) due to the treatment effects. The effect of Albit® treatment on the quantity and quality of yield of the test crops under varied agroecological conditions in Nigeria deserves further investigation.
Key words: Albit® bioregulator, arable crops, germinability, shoot biomass, root biomass, seedling vigour, superhormai® fungicide.
Anjorin , Toba Samuel* and Salako, Adebayo Ezekiel
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study on the effect of microwave heating on the properties of edible oils using FTIR spectroscopy
M. A. Moharam and L. M. Abbas*
Spectroscopic Department, Physics Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
Accepted 22 December, 2018
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for the structural characterization of vegetable oils (olive, cotton, corn and sunflower oils) following the induced changes in their structure brought about by microwave heating. The vegetable oils samples were microwave heated at 2 powers (450 and 630 W) for different times ranging from 2 - 28 min. The investigation of the FTIR spectra of the treated oils revealed that the microwave heating of oils for different periods of time at 450 and 630 W caused significant changes in the intensities of their absorption bands and produced no shifts in the position of the bands. The results showed that, the microwave heating of oils produced changes in the absorbance ratios A 3006/A 2924 cm-1 (RI) , A 3006/A 2854 cm-1 (RII) and A 3006/A 1746 cm-1 (RIII) which were taken as a measure for the degree of unsaturation. It was found that the changes depended on the applied power, the time of heating and the type of oils. Microwave heating of oils at 630 W for any given time produced an initial decrease in the ratios RI, RII and RIII. This decrease was attributed to the reduction in 18:2 and 18:3 fatty acids content due to the oxidation.
Key words: Edible oils, microwave, FTIR spectroscopy.
M. A. Moharam, L. M. Abbas*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Arbuscular mycorrhizas and dark septate endophytes colonization status in medicinal plant Lycium barbarum L. in arid Northwestern China
Haihan Zhang1, Ming Tang2*, Hui Chen2, Yajun Wang3 and Yihui Ban1
1College of Life Sciences, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
2College of Forestry, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
3Ningxia Wolfberry Engineering and Technology Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China.
Accepted 22 September, 2018
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. is an oriental medicinal plant. The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungal associations of this plant species are completely unknown. In this study, the AM and DSE fungal colonization status in three L. barbarum cultivars in arid Northwestern China were investigated. The results showed that the three cultivars were simultaneously colonized by Paris-type AM and DSE fungal associations. The highest colonization by AM was found in L. barbarum Ningqi No.1. The significant “month” and “cultivar” indicates that the AM colonization changed among the months within the cultivar. Meanwhile, roots of the three cultivars were heavily colonized by DSE fungi. Melanized hyphae were frequently observed in the three cultivars. Microsclerotia of varied shapes were also found in the cortex cells of L. barbarum. Hyaline hyphae were most abundant in August but their occurrence decreased in December. Lipid contents were abundant in hyaline hyphae, and changed with month. Lipid may act as energy material reserves to sustain the survival of DSE-host symbioses under drought environmental conditions.
Key words: Lycium barbarum, fungal symbionts, hyaline hyphae, lipid, melanized septate hyphae.
Yajun Wang and Yihui Ban, Ming Tang2*, Haihan Zhang, Hui Chen
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The effect of fructo-oligosaccharides on blood RBC count and digestive enzyme activities of oxyeleotris lineolatus
Liang Renjie1*, Shi Shidi1 and Zhang Bangjie2
1School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou City, Zhejiang 317000, P. R. China.
2Dongguan Fisheries Research Institute, Dongguan City, Guangdong 517000, P. R. China.
Accepted 04 November, 2018
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on blood RBC (red blood cell) count and digestive enzyme activities of oxyeleotris lineolatus. 60 oxyeleotris lineolatus were randomly divided into three groups with 20 fish in each group: control, low and high dose of FOS-treated groups. Animals in the control group consumed basic feed, animals in FOS-treated groups consumed the feed containing 1.5 and 3% FOS, respectively. After 20 days of FOS administration, growth rate, blood RBC count and hemoglobin (Hb) level of oxyeleotris lineolatus were dose-dependently significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) compared to control group, in addition, digestive enzyme activities in stomach and intestine of oxyeleotris lineolatus were dose-dependently significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) compared to control group. The present data indicated that supplementation of FOS could improve nutritive value of food through altering its digestibility and intestinal morphology. In other words, the addition of an appropriate level of digestible carbohydrates to the diet made with this raw material improved the nutritive utilization of the dietary protein and of the diet as a whole.
Key words: RBC, Hb, oxyeleotris lineolatus, digestive enzyme, FOS.
Shi Shidi and Zhang Bangjie, Liang Renjie*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (TB/HIV) co-infections amongst patients with bronchopulmonary disorders in Lagos
C. C. Onubogu1, C. N. Kunle-Ope1*, N. Onyejepu1, N. N. Nwokoye1, T. Y. Raheem1, U. T. Igbasi1, N. E. Tochukwu1, R. M. Omoloye1, C. O. Ejezie1, A. Z. Musa2, N. N. Odunukwe2 , D. I. Onwujekwe2 and E. O. Idigbe1
1National TB Reference Laboratory, Microbiology Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos-Nigeria.
2Clinical Science Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos-Nigeria.
Accepted 13 October, 2018
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) still remains a global public health problem of enormous dimension. This study was carried out between March 2007 and June 2008 to determine the prevalence of TB and TB/HIV co-infections amongst patients with bronchopulmonary disorders in Lagos State, Nigeria. 1280 patients were screened for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) by microscopy and culture at the TB reference laboratory of the Nigerian institute of medical research Lagos. Information on HIV status of each patient was obtained from medical records. Of the 1,280 patients, 318 (24.8%) were diagnosed positive for AFB while 236 patients (18.4%) were co-infected with TB and HIV. Amongst the co-infected patients, TB was diagnosed in 45 (14%) by microscopy alone, in 145 (46%) by culture alone and in 46 (15%) by both microscopy and culture. The higher yield of TB cases by culture alone compared to microscopy alone further confirms the higher sensitivity of culture for TB case detection amongst TB/HIV co-infected patients. In addition, the high burden (24.8%) of TB amongst the screened patients calls for differential diagnosis of this infection amongst cases with bronchopulmonary disorders seen in health facilities.
Key words: Tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, TB/HIV co-infections.
A. Z. Musa, N. N. Odunukwe, T. Y. Raheem, C. O. Ejezie, N. N. Nwokoye, R. M. Omoloye, C. C. Onubogu, C. N. Kunle-Ope*, D. I. Onwujekwe and E. O. Idigbe, N. E. Tochukwu, N. Onyejepu, U. T. Igbasi
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Survival analysis to determine the length of latent period of Mycosphaerella pinodes on peas (Pisum sativum L.)
B. Setti1*, M. Bencheikh2, J. E. Henni3 and N. Claire4
1Institut de Biologie, Université de Chlef, BP151, 02000- Algérie.
2Institut des Sciences, Université d’Es Senia, Algérie.
3Institut des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Centre Universitaire de Khemis Meliana, Khemis Meliana, Ain Defla, Algérie.
4UMR de Pathologie Végétale, INRA/INA-PG/Université Paris VI, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75231.
Accepted 11 October, 2017
Abstract
Blight caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes is one of the most devastating diseases of pea that causes yield losses of over 50% in some years and may cause total failure to the crop under epidemic conditions. During this study, a sensitive disease assessment and statistical tool was developed for Mycosphaerella blight on peas, the latent period was used to discriminate between different treatments. The time until appearance of the first pycnidia (latent period length) was recorded. Seedling that did not display any production of pycnidia structure during the 20 days period of observation was recorded as right censored observations. Using non parametric and semi parametric survival analysis, different hypothesis dealing with factors that might influence the latent period was tested. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards were performed for data analysis. During these investigations, latent period was regressed against leaf wetness duration, pea cultivar, inoculum concentration, plant age and isolate aggressiveness. Both the Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier tests had shown the importance of leaf wetness duration, inoculum concentration and isolate aggressiveness on the survival times, thus, the median latent period length was respectively 15 and 16 for tn0203 and md0202. The median for the 3 leaf wetness was 14, 16 and 17 respectively for 06, 48 and 72 h LWD. Both the cultivar and plant age had no significant risk for the pycnidia structure appearance. Likewise, using the semi parametric Cox proportional hazard regression, the 2 covariates namely higher leaf wetness, higher inoculum dose with an aggressive isolate were all associated significantly with survival time. Hence, the hazard ratio was respectively 1.205 and 1.423 for LWD and inoculum concentration respectively.
Key words: Cox regression, survival analysis, Mycosphaerella blight, Pisum sativum.
J. E. Henni and N. Claire, B. Setti*, M. Bencheikh
Page: 1 - 7