ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2003
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2003 International Scholars Journals
Relationship between genetic similarity and some productive traits in local chicken strains
Bahy Ahmed Ali1*, Mohamed Morsy Mohamed Ahmed1, Osama Mahmoud Aly2
1Nucleic Acid Research Dept., Genetic Engineering& Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Mubarak City For Scientific Research & Technology Applications, Alexandria, Egypt.
2El-Sabhiah Poultry Research Station, Alexandria, Animal Production Research Institute- El-Dokki - Cairo, Egypt.
Accepted 21 January, 2003
Abstract
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was applied to detect genetic similarity between five local chicken strains that have been selected for eggs and meat production in Egypt. Based on six oligonucleotide primers, the genetic similarity between the egg -producing strains (Anshas, Silver Montazah and Mandarah) ranged from 72.4 to 85.4%. While the genetic similarity between the two chicken strains selected for meat production (Baheij and El-Salam) is 86.9%.
Key words: Chicken, local strains, RAPD-PCR, genetic similarity.
Bahy Ahmed Ali*, Mohamed Morsy Mohamed Ahmed, Osama Mahmoud Aly
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2003
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2003 International Scholars Journals
Variations in fatty acid proportions during desiccation of Telfairia occidentalis seeds harvested at physiological and agronomic maturity
Nkang A*, Omokaro D, Egbe A and Amanke, G
Department of Botany, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
Accepted 14 January, 2003
Abstract
The effect of desiccation on lipid content, fatty acid composition and the antioxidative enzymic capacity was investigated in seeds of Telfairia occidentalis, harvested at physiological and agronomic maturity. Seeds were dried at 5 and 28 oC, environments that induced different drying and metabolic rates. Desiccation of seeds was associated with decreased antioxidative enzymic capacity (of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase), and thus increased likelihood of free radical attack and decreased viability (germinability). Agronomically mature seeds contained predominantly saturated fatty acids (tridecanoic), with very low levels of the major fatty acids of edible oilseeds (palmitic, stearic or the unsaturated C18 fatty acids). There was increased accumulation of the mono-unsaturated (oleic) and polyunsaturated (linoleic) fatty acids when seeds were dried at 28 oC and moisture contents have reduced to about 42 % or lower. In contrast, seeds dried at 5 oC maintained high levels of saturated fatty acids and lower levels of monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Results suggest the need to develop different post -harvest protocols for seed storage, and for processing T. occidentalis to ‘improve’ the seed fatty acid profile as an oilseed for human and animal food.
Key words: Agronomic maturity, desiccation, fatty acid, lipid peroxidation, oilseed.
G , Egbe A and Amanke, Nkang A*, Omokaro D
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2003
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2003 International Scholars Journals
The molecular initiation and subsequent acquisition of disease resistance in plants
Emma Wanjiru Gachomo1, Olusola Olusoji Shonukan2 and Simeon Oloni Kotchoni3 *
1Institute for Plant Diseases, Nussallee 9, University of Bonn, D-53115 Germany.
2Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
3Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Botany, Kirschallee 1, University of Bonn, D-53115 Germany.
Accepted 16 January, 2003
Abstract
Interactions between disease resistance (R) genes in plants and their corresponding pathogen avirulence (Avr) genes are the key determinants of whether a plant is susceptible or resistance to a pathogen attack. Evidence has emerged that these gene-for -gene interactions in the perception of pathogenic invasions and development of acquired resistance in plants involve different molecular and hormonal transduction pathways, which are still poorly understood. It has become apparent that plants actively produce several phytohormones such as ethylene, jasmonate, salicylic acid, and reactive oxygen intermediates prior to upregulation of R genes. The physiological role of these molecules in plant resistance to pathogens is beginning to attract attention. The use of transgenic plants in recent attempts, including development of mutants with altered R genes, has provided new insights into the mechanisms involved in pathogen perception, signal transduction and subsequent resistance to disease in plants. This review tries to summarize current knowledge of pathogen-related genes in plants, and how they can be use to improve disease resistance in agronomically valuable plants. It also describes the molecular basis of defense mechanisms in plants under pathogen attack.
Key words: Avr, resistance gene, hypersensitivity, pathogenesis-related proteins, transgenic, plant-defense.
Olusola Olusoji Shonukan and Simeon Oloni Kotchoni*, Emma Wanjiru Gachomo
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2003
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2003 International Scholars Journals
Pre-harvest deterioration of Sour sop (Annona muricata) at Ibadan Southwestern Nigeria and its effect on nutrient composition
N. A. Amusa*, O. A. Ashaye, M. O. Oladapo and O.O. Kafaru
Institute of Agricultural Research and Training Obafemi, Awolowo University Moor Plantation PMB 5029 Ibadan, Nigeria
Accepted 19 December 2002
Abstract
The etiology of pre-harvest deterioration of Soursop (Annona muricata) fruit in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria and the effects on its nutrient composition was investigated. Four fungal pathogens including Botryodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium sp., Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger were found associated with the pre-harvest deteriorating soursop . B. theobromae was the most prevalent and the most pathogenic inducing rot of 75 mm in diameter within four days of inoculation. There was a remarkable reduction in carbohydrate and protein contents of the fungal infected fruits while all other nutrients and mineral assayed were higher in the infected fruits than the non-infected ones.
Key words: Annona muricata, fungal pathogens, pre-harvest deterioration.
M. O. Oladapo and O.O. Kafaru, N. A. Amusa*, O. A. Ashaye
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2003
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2003 International Scholars Journals
Effects of mixed nitrogen sources on biodegradation of phenol by immobilized Acinetobacter sp. strain W-17
Desouky Abd-El-Haleem1*, Usama Beshay1, Abdu O. Abdelhamid2, Hassan Moawad3 and Sahar Zaki1
1Environmental Biotechnology Department & Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Mubarak City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Burg-Elarab City, Alexandria, Egypt.
2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
3Agricultural Microbiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Accepted 11 December 2002
Abstract
Using Ca-alginate immobilized cells of Acinetobacter sp. strain W-17, the effects of ammonium-N and nitrate- N on the biodegradation of phenol were investigated. Degradation experiments in three different culture media; minimal salts medium (MSM), simulated (SW) and modified simulated wastewater (MSW) were performed. With the freely suspended cells (cell dry weight 0.2 g/l), complete phenol (500 mg/l) degradation was achieved after incubation for 120 h. Using the immobilized cells, the time was reduced to 24 h in MSM medium, and 15 h in the MSW. The results also indicate that strain W-17 can tolerate to high concentrations of NH4+-N (63 mg/l) and NO3--N (1000 mg/l) without a significant loss in the phenol biodegradation rate. Moreover, the presence of 500 mg/l phenol in the MSW had no considerable effect on the removal of both ammonium-N and nitrate-N. Repeated use of immobilized cells revealed that they could be used as much as five times without loss of activity. Our findings could be extended to enhance biotreatment of phenol contamination in a variety of biological treatment processes.
Key words: Phenol, biodegradation, immobilization, Acinetobacter, Ca-alginate, ammonium, nitrate.
Abdu O. Abdelhamid, Usama Beshay, Desouky Abd-El-Haleem*, Hassan Moawad and Sahar Zaki
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2002
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2002 International Scholars Journals
Influence of carbon source on the expression of Cochliobolus carbonum xylan-degrading enzyme genes
Nyerhovwo J. Tonukari , *, John S. Scott-Craig and Jonathan D. Walton
Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824.
Accepted 18 November 2002
Abstract
The expression of four Cochliobolus carbonum endo-1,4- -xylanase genes (XYL1, XYL2, XYL3, XYL4), and an exo-1,4- -xylosidase gene (XYP1) was studied following the growth of the fungus in minimal medium containing glucose, sucrose, xylose, xylan, pectin, or cellulose. The XYL1 and XYL2 genes were expressed only when the culture medium contained xylan or cellulose. Both XYL3 and XYL4 are induced by xylose and xylan, and XYP1 expression is induced by xylose, xylan, pectin and cellulose. None of these genes is expressed in glucose or sucrose media. The differential expression of these enzymes may provide means for the fungus to adapt to different conditions.
Key words: Cell wall degrading enzymes, Cochliobolus carbonum, xylan, xylanase.
* , John S. Scott-Craig and Jonathan D. Walton, Nyerhovwo J. Tonukari
Page: 1 - 10