ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bacterial species associated with soils contaminated with used petroleum products in Keffi town, Nigeria
M. D. Makut* and P. Ishaya
Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P. M. B. 1028, Keffi, Nigeria.
Accepted 25 July, 2017
Abstract
This investigation was carried out to determine the bacterial flora of soils contaminated with used oil (petroleum products) in Keffi town. Pour plate method involving the use of serial dilutions was employed for the isolation of the bacteria. Soil samples from 10 different mechanic workshops in Keffi town were obtained and plated out on plate count agar, eosin methylene blue agar, brilliant green agar, desoxycholate citrate agar and mannitol salt agar to isolate the bacterial species from the soils contaminated with petroleum products. The bacterial species isolated were Pseudomonas sp., Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp., Klebsiella sp., Bacillus sp., Mycobacterium sp., Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella sp., and Micrococcus sp. The hydrocarbon substrates (petroleum products) used were petrol, kerosene, diesel and engine oil. Pseudomonas sp., Streptococcus sp., and Bacillus sp., were found to utilize all the four petroleum products as their sole source of carbon and energy. Staphylococcus sp., and Micrococcus sp., utilized petrol, kerosene and diesel, while Klebsiella sp., and Mycobacterium sp., utilized only petrol and diesel. Salmonella sp., E. aerogenes and E. coli did not utilize any of the test substrates (Petrol, kerosene, diesel and engine oil). The results of this study revealed that Pseudomonas sp., Streptococcus sp., and Bacillus sp., are the most versatile species of bacteria that could utilized petroleum products in the soil environment of Keffi. The investigation demonstrates that Pseudomonas sp., Streptococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. could be harnessed for use in bioremediation of land polluted with petroleum and petroleum products
Key words: Bacterial species, contaminated soils, used petroleum products, Keffi, Nigeria.
P. Ishaya, M. D. Makut*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and characterization of Arthrobacter sp. HW08 capable of biodegrading swainsonine
Yan Wang, Yanchun Hu, Jianhua Wang*, Yongtao Yu, Yumin Song, Guodong Yang and Guoxia Geng
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, China.
Accepted 21 July, 2017
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate bacteria capable of degrading swainsonine, an indolizidine alkaloid in poisonous plants of Oxytropis and Astragalus. The bacterium HW08 was isolated and enriched from soil and its physiological and biochemical properties, 16S rRNA gene and the ability of swainsonine-degradation were investigated. The results showed that HW08 was a species of Arthrobacter sp. Under the optimized temperature (30°C) and pH value (7.0), HW08 (OD600 = 0.3) could degrade about 2 mg swainsonine in 5 ml degrading reaction within 4 h. In conclusion, HW08 would be a better potential candidate to be considered for SW-degrading in practice.
Key words: Locoweeds, Arthrobacter; swainsonine, biodegradation.
Yan Wang, Yanchun Hu, Yumin Song, Guodong Yang and Guoxia Geng, Jianhua Wang*, Yongtao Yu
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and identification of polystyrene biodegrading bacteria from soil
Naima Atiq1*, Safia Ahmed1, M. Ishtiaq Ali1, Saadia Andleeb1, Bashir Ahmad1 and Geoffery Robson2
1Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
2Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
Accepted 8 June, 2017
Abstract
With the increased production of municipal solid waste by the disposal of plastic materials, there is a need to develop new biodegradable materials and biodegrade existing plastic materials in daily use. Polystyrene and expanded polystyrene are commodity plastics that are extensively used in packaging and other applications. Six bacterial isolates were isolated from soil buried expanded polystyrene films showing adherence and growth with the polystyrene as a sole carbon source. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the film surface used for isolation showed extensive microbial growth. The preliminary screening of biodegradation capability was done by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for surface chemical changes and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for analysis of biodegradation products. Bacterial isolates NA26, NB6, NB26 showed the production of biodegradation products in the extracellular media indicating biodegradation process.
Key words: Polystyrene, bacteria, biodegradation, soil burial, FTIR.
Saadia Andleeb, Safia Ahmed, Bashir Ahmad and Geoffery Robson, Naima Atiq*, M. Ishtiaq Ali
Page: 1 - 10
Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Review
Desiccation tolerance in cyanobacteria
Nidheesh Dadheech
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 6 July, 2017
Abstract
All abiotic stresses adversely affect growth and development of cells. Direct effect of these factors results into condensation of nucleoid, crowding of cytoplasmic components, and increase in the Tm of membrane phase transition. Cells under prolonged exposure to these stresses, show pronounced effect on proteins, nucleic acids, and lipid membranes. Those that have developed mechanisms for acclimation only survive under unfavorable conditions. Bound water in both proteins and nucleic acids plays extensive role in tolerance to stress. Water stress proteins are most abundant proteins, in cynobacteria, accumulated in extracellular glycan sheath and releases during desiccation. Besides these, Histones-like DNA binding proteins maintain nucleoid organization and regulate DNA repair. Certain special enzymes “Repair Ligases” also provide tolerance to bacterial cells, under stress conditions especially desiccation. Number of chromosome copies per cell is also important to this act the lethal effect of stress. Membrane fluidity plays important role in temperature perception, which is mediated by Histidine Kinases, localized in plasma membrane. Fatty acid desaturases (enzyme) enhance degree of unsaturation of fatty acids in the plasma membrane that is inducing double bonds in fatty acids, as a consequence of which Des A gene is expressed (in low temperature stress). Cyanobacteria accumulate compatible solutes in response to increases external salinity. Tolerance increases from sucrose or trehalose to glucosylglycerol and glycinebetamine accumulating species. Na+/H+ antiporters are responsible for salt and pH regulation in Synechocystis. The present review combines and compares all the abiotic stress mechanisms including desiccation, temperature, pH and salinity. It also underlines the common mechanistic pathways in all the stress operating in cynobacteria as well as highlights the signaling molecules that play pivot role in tolerance for stress and that are common in different mechanisms.
Key words: Cyanobacteria, desiccation, tolerance, mechanism, proteins, nucleic acids, membranes.
Nidheesh Dadheech
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full length Research Paper
Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria
Ejikeme Nwachukwu* and Godwin Aguziendu Peter
Department of Microbiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Nigeria.
Accepted 10 March, 2017
Abstract
The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections was investigated among individuals from age 16 years and above attending out patient clinic in Federal medical centre (FMC) and other hospitals in Umuahia. A total of two hundred and fifty individuals were examined. The examinations of the samples from the patients were done according to bacteriological and hematological standards. The overall prevalence of M. tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections was 21.6 and 14.0% respectively. The prevalence of patients with TB/HIV co-infections was 6.4%. Males have a higher TB/HIV prevalent rate (3.6%) than females (2.8%). There was no significant difference (P = 0.01) in prevalence of M. tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infections among the sex group. There was also no significant difference between age groups for M. tuberculosis infections but there was a significant association between age and human immunodeficiency virus infections. M. tuberculosis and HIV infections were significantly high among the individuals with anemia (P = 0.01). All the individuals infected with M. tuberculosis and HIV had significantly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR > 51 mm/hr) (P = 0.01) . None of the individuals with M. tuberculosis and HIV infections had normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR 3 - 8 mm/hr). The highest rate of infection for both M. tuberculosis and HIV was among the age group 26 - 35 years. M. tuberculosis significantly caused more anemia (PCV, 20 - 25%) compared to HIV infection. HIV and M. tuberculosis infections are of public health importance and need effective control especially among the young age group.
Key word: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus.
Godwin Aguziendu Peter, Ejikeme Nwachukwu*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Distribution of wild poliovirus genotypes in India
George Dahourou1,3*, Benjamin Samuel2,4 and Radu Crainic1
1Epidémiologie Moléculaire des Entérovirus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
2Department of Virology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore Tamil Nadu, India.
3Laboratoire de virologie, Centre Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
4Infectious Diseases Section, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Accepted 2 March, 2017
Abstract
In order to study the genetic relationships and epidemiological links between strains circulating in the Vellore region of India, 70 wild type poliovirus strains isolated from paralytic poliomyelitis cases were sequenced at the VP1-2A junction region of the viral genome. This showed that three genotypes of types 1 and 2 and four genotypes of type 3 poliovirus were circulating in India at least since 1985. Different clusters were identified within wild genotypes. This study demonstrates the endemic circulation and wide genetic variation of all three serotypes in Southern India. Knowledge of wild poliovirus distribution before NIDs beginning could be helpful for a critical monitoring of poliomyelitis control and further evaluation of the NIDs impact on wild poliovirus transmission in India.
Key words: Poliovirus, poliomyelitis, genotype, molecular epidemiology, eradication, surveillance.
Benjamin Samuel and Radu Crainic, George Dahourou*
Page: 1 - 10