ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (8), pp. 001-004, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Biochemical, enterotoxigenicity and antibiogram profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from intestines of snails
Efuntoye, M. O.*, Mabekoje, O. O. and Adekoya, F. A.
Department of Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P. M. B. 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria.
Accepted 27 April, 2018
Abstract
To evaluate the prevalence of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in intestines of land snails and to determine the antibiogram of the isolates, samples for culture were obtained from ninety-nine different land snail species. Isolates of S. aureus were tested for enterotoxin production using the SET-RPLA and their antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by disc diffusion methods according to NCCLS standards. A total of 42 S. aureus isolates were recovered. Of these, 28 were enterotoxigenic. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that all of the S. aureus isolates had 100% resistance to augmentin, cloxacillin, cefuroxime and amoxycillin-clavulanic acid and showed varying resistance to other antibiotics tested. The results showed that enterotoxigenic S. aureus could be found in snails and could show resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The presence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus underscores the need for thorough cooking of snails before consumption in order to prevent staphylococcal food poisoning.
Key words: Snails, Staphylococcus aureus, enterotoxin, antibiotic sensitivity.
F. A., Efuntoye , Mabekoje , O. O. and Adekoya, M. O.*
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-007, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Resistance pattern of coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from Asir region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Mohamed E. Hamid
Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 641, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 6 April, 2018
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of methicillin resistant coagulase positive Staphlococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in two major hospitals in Asir region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to compare it with the community-acquired infections. Two hundreds and ten coagulase positive S. aureus recovered from 9831 specimens from various infections at Asir Central Hospital and Abha General Hospital, KSA (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), were tested against 44 commonly used antibacterial agents. One hundred of the isolates were from hospital-acquired infections, 100 from community-acquired infections and 10 isolates were collected from the hospital environment. All isolates were found resistant to aztreonam, colistin, mecillinam, metronidazole, polymyxin B and nalidixic acid but were sensitive to vancomycin, nitrofurantoin and novobiocin. Various levels of resistant were recorded for the remaining antibiotics. High resistance to antimicrobial agents was detected among hospital acquired infections compared to community acquired infections (p<0.01) . The resistance rates of S. aureus to antimicrobial agents among hospital acquired infections isolates were significantly higher (p<0.05) than community acquired infections. This implies that hospital environment is a strong risk factor for the prevalence of MRSA in the hospitalized patients, visitors, and hospital staff with potential risk of spreading to the community.
Key words: Staphlococcus aureus, coagulase positive, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
Mohamed E. Hamid
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (8), pp. 001-008, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Survey of the antibacterial activity of Saudi and some international honeys
Eman Halawani* and Mohamed Shohayeb
Taif University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Accepted 25 March, 2018
Abstract
The antibacterial activities of 52 samples of 24 types of honey, either locally produced or imported were evaluated for their antibacterial activity. Manuka honey was included in the study for the sake of comparison. The antibacterial activity (estimated as phenol %) of 91.7% of the tested honeys ranged between 5.5 and 7.9%. There was no relationship between the potency of antibacterial activity and the color of honey. Locally produced Shaoka and Taify Sidr and the imported honeys, Yemeni Sidr, Black Seed, Clover and Orange Blossom, were more potent than Manuka honey. On the other hand, both Kashmiri and German acacia honeys were as potent as Manuka honey. Taking into consideration, the peroxide activity found in these honeys, which ranged between 4.8 and 15.6%, Taify, Shaoka, Black Seed, Yemeni Sidr, Orange blossom and Clover honeys had comparative antibacterial activities to Manuka honey. It was concluded that several honeys available in the Saudi market especially the locally produced Shaoka, and Taify Sidr, in addition to imported Yemeni Sidr, black seed, Clover and Orange blossom are as potent as Manuka honey. Therefore we recommend these honeys for use in the treatment of bacterial infections.
Key words: Saudi honeys, Shaoka honey, antibacterial activity of honey, Manuka honey.
Mohamed Shohayeb, Eman Halawani*
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (8), pp. 001-007, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Nalidixic acid resistant Shigella sonnei infection among dysenteric children in Port Blair
Asit Ranjan Ghosh1*, K. Thanasekaran2 and Subarna Roy2
1Centre for Infectious Diseases and Control, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Bag No.13, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
Accepted 5 April, 2018
Abstract
Shigellosis is very common in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Two major species and serotypes, Shigella flexneriae 2a and Shigella dysenteriae type 1 were the cause of shigellosis in the Island till 2001. During 2002 to 2003, the scenario of shigellosis shifted and Shigella sonnei emerged as the prime and sole pathogen. On examination of 106 diarrhoeic stool samples, a total of seven S. sonnei was isolated. All the isolates were nalidixic resistant. The shift of predominant nalidixic acid-resistant trait of S. dysenteriae type 1 to S. sonnei had been observed in this study and was reported elsewhere (Ghosh et al., 2003). The present study aimed to study genotypic characterization of the nalidixic acid resistant S. sonnei. The molecular typing of isolated strains was carried out by plasmid profiling, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The results revealed the clonality of the nalidixic acid-resistant S. sonnei. The study explores a note of caution to the public health for an epidemic due to nalidixic acid resistant S. sonnei in near future.
Key words: Nalidixic acid resistance, Shigella sonnei, dysenteric children.
K. Thanasekaran and Subarna Roy, Asit Ranjan Ghosh*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-010, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibacterial properties of the leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, Corchorous olitorius and Manihot palmate
Ogundare A. O.
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 18 March, 2018
Abstract
The antibacterial potency of ethanol, acetone and chloroform leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, Corchorous olitorius and Manihot palmata were screened against ten bacterial isolates using the agar-well diffusion method. The leaf extracts were screened for antibacterial activities at 25 mg/ml concentration. Antibacterial efficacy of extracts against the bacterial isolates was indicated by the appearance of clear zones of inhibition around the wells. The extracts (except that of Corchorous olitirious), showed inhibitory activities against Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coil with zones of inhibition ranging between 2 and 20mm. Result of the antagonistic activity of the extracts compared favourably with the activity of standard antibiotics. The rate of killing by the extracts was carried out, using 50 mg/ml. It was observed that the number of bacterial cells was decreasing as the time of interaction between the extract and the bacteria increased until all cells were killed. Phytochemcial screening of the extracts revealed the presence of some bioactive components like alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, steroids, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. These properties determine the antimicrobial potential of the leaf extracts.
Key words: Antibacterial activity, phytochemical components, extracts, zone of inhibition.
Ogundare A. O.
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-004, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of “Ammi visnaga” against oral streptococci
Hassan Semyari1, Parviz Owlia2, Sareh Farhadi3* and Saeed Moghadami Tabrizi4
1Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
4Graduated in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 14 April, 2018
Abstract
Some species of “streptococci” have great role in dental caries. So control of their activities can promote prevention of dental caries. Use of herbal agents is a notable issue in recent researches. The aim of this study was evaluation of antimicrobial activity of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract of seed and stem of Ammi visnaga against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus sanguis. First step or screening was designed by determination of antimicrobial activity for each extracts using Disk diffusion method. For those extract which presented it; “no growth hallo” was evident around related paper disks. Next step was determination of MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) corresponding to “modified macrodilution” method for those extracts revealed antimicrobial activity. “No growth hallo” was obvious around S. sanguis and it was absent around S. salivarius; For S. mutans, only aqueous seed extract produced the hallo. MIC and MBC of aqueous and hydroalcoholic stem extract against S. sanguis, were 5 and 7%, stem extract against S. sanguis as well as hydroalcoholic seed extract against S. sanguis, 5 and 5%, aqueous seed extract against S. sanguis, 15 and >30% and aqueous seed extract against S. mutans, 20 and >30%, respectively. A. visnaga revealed antimicrobial activity against some species of oral Streptococci including S. mutans. So, we can use it for prevention of dental caries but further investigation is recommended.
Key words: Ammi visnaga, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, antimicrobial activity.
Parviz Owlia, Sareh Farhadi* and Saeed Moghadami Tabrizi, Hassan Semyari
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