ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-003, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibacterial activity of plant extracts against oral and skin pathogens
Majid Alipour* and Omid Khanmohammadi
Department of microbiology, Islamic Azad University (IAU) - Babol Branch, Babol, Iran.
Accepted 23 March, 2019
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the antibacterial activity of plant extracts. Both broth dilution and disc diffusion methods were used to assess the antibacterial activity of these extracts against skin and oral pathogens. Eryngium caucaseum Trautv, Eryngium bungei Boiss and Adiantum capillus-veneris have shown antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sanguis. E. caucaseum Trautv showed the highest inhibition zone (> 30 mm) against S. pyogenes. The growth of S. pyogenes was remarkably inhibited by the ethanolic extract of the three plant extracts.
Key words: Adiantum capilis–veneris, Eryngium bungei Boiss, plant extracts.
Majid Alipour*, Omid Khanmohammadi
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolates from diseased chickens during 1993-2008 in China
Xiang Chen1,2, Weijuan Pan1, Weiqiu Zhang1, Zhiming Pan1, Song Gao1 and Xinan Jiao1,2*
1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
2Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
Accepted 23 March, 2019
Abstract
A total of 363 Escherichia coli and 224 Salmonella spp. were isolated from diseased chickens during 1993-2008 in China. The susceptibility to eight quinolones and prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants was investigated in these isolates. Among the E. coli isolates obtained during 1993-1999, 65.2% were resistant to nalidixic acid, while more than 50% of the E. coli isolates collected during 2000-2008 were resistant to 7 quinolones. All 101 Salmonella spp. isolates obtained during 1993-1999 were susceptible to quinolones, while more than 50% of the Salmonella spp. isolates collected during 2000- 2008 were resistant to only nalidixic acid (82.9%) . Among the 363 E. coli isolates, 4 (1.1%) were positive for aac(6 )-Ib-cr, 3 (0.8%) for qepA and 1 (0.3%) for qnrB10. No PMQR gene was identified in 224 Salmonella spp. isolates. The resistance of E. coli and Salmonella spp. to quinolones has been increasing in the past twenty years and the resistance of Salmonella spp. was much lower than that of E. coli, although they were separated in the same period. There is a rising trend of avian isolates harboring PMQR genes in China.
Key words: Quinolone resistance, qnr; aac(6 )-Ib-cr; qepA, chicken.
Xiang Chen, Zhiming Pan, Song Gao and Xinan Jiao*, Weijuan Pan, Weiqiu Zhang
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular characterization of norovirus from acute gastroenteritis patients in Malaysia
H. Zuridah1,2*, Sufiyan Hadi M1, L. K. Teh2 and A. H. Zed Zakari1
1Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
2Pharmacogenomic Centre (PROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Accepted 11 February, 2019
Abstract
Rotavirus and recently norovirus have been described as important and most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. The mode of transmission is fecal-oral. Diagnosis of both of these viruses can be made by rapid antigen detection of the viruses in stool specimens and strains can be further characterized by enzyme immunoassay or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Stool specimens collected from various hospitals in Malaysia were examined for norovirus by both immunochromatography and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques. Rotavirus antigen was screened by a commercially available latex agglutination test kit. Altogether, 168 stool samples were collected for both norovirus and rotavirus screening. Out of these, 77/168 (45.8%) were examined for rotavirus with 17/77 (22%) rotavirus antigen positive. Due to very small amount of fecal materials obtained in some cases, only 151/168 (89.8%) were sufficient for norovirus and 14/151 (9.3%) were positive for norovirus genogroup II (GII). This study highlights that rotavirus remains the main agent for acute gastroenteritis and identification for emerging norovirus among the children is becoming important for proper patient management.
Key words: Norovirus, rotavirus, immunochromatography, latex agglutination, RT-PCR, phylogenetic analysis.
H. Zuridah*, Sufiyan Hadi M, L. K. Teh and A. H. Zed Zakari
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Recombinant clone ABA392 protects laboratory animals from PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA Serotype B
Jamal Hussaini1, Nazmul M. H. M.1, Mahmood A. Abdullah2 and Salmah Ismail2
1Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
2Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Accepted 23 January, 2019
Abstract
In this study the potential of the previously contracted recombinant clone ABA392 derived from PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA serotype B to protect laboratory animal against haemorrhagic septicaemia was determined. After reconfirmation of plasmid DNA size, its stability and pathological effect of the clone, passive mice protection test and active immunization was carried out. Pooled serum sample from rats vaccinated with live and killed form of the clone was administered to mice and provided 66% protection while active immunization with the recombinant clone conferred 83% immunity to mice when challenged with lethal dose of P. MULTOCIDA. ELISA results were positive for presence of antibody in serum of immunized mice. Sub-cloning of the insert ABA392 into an expression vector pQE32 was carried out to express its protein. It was found that the recombinant clone ABA392 is immunogenic and could be used as vaccine in future.
Key words: Recombinant clone, immunogenicity, Pasteurella multocida serotype B.
Jamal Hussaini, Mahmood A. Abdullah and Salmah Ismail, Nazmul M. H. M
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Utilization of kitchen waste for the production of green thermoplastic polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Cupriavidus necator CCGUG 52238
Farah Nadia Omar, Nor’Aini Abdul Rahman*, Halimatun Saadiah Hafid, Tabassum Mumtaz, Phang Lai Yee and Mohd Ali Hassan
Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Accepted 11 March, 2019
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was produced by Cupriavidus necator CCGUG 52238 using organic acids from fermented kitchen waste. HPLC and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses revealed that the acid comprised mainly of lactic and acetic acids. In shake flask culture, the lactic acid concentration above 10 g/L inhibited both cell growth and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production. The PHB production by the strain was achieved at the highest PHB content of 52.79% in batch fermentation using the kitchen-waste derived organic acids. The PHB yield and productivity were 0.38 g/g and 0.065 g/L/h, respectively. In fed-batch culture, about 4-fold increase in PHB productivity (0.242 g/L/h) was achieved by applying intermittent feeding strategy.
Key words: Cupriavidus necator CCGUG 52238, kitchen waste, organic acids, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB).
Nor’Aini Abdul Rahman*, Farah Nadia Omar, Halimatun Saadiah Hafid, Phang Lai Yee and Mohd Ali Hassan, Tabassum Mumtaz
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and characterization of a potential biocontrol Brevibacillus laterosporus
Zhen Song1, Kaiqi Liu2, Changxu Lu3, Jian Yu3, Ruicheng Ju1 and Xunli Liu3*
1College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
2Department of Plant Protection, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
3College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
Accepted 24 February, 2019
Abstract
An antagonist bacterium ZQ2 was isolated from an apple rhizosphere at Mount Tai in China. The bacterium strongly inhibited the growth of numerous apple phytopathogens in vitro, such as Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Physalospora piricola. The inhibition rates against the different fungi ranged from 55.26 to 88.17. The strain ZQ2 was identified as Brevibacillus laterosporus based on morphology, biochemical tests, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The antifungal metabolites produced by ZQ2 were thermally stable even after being maintained at 121°C for 30 min. Meanwhile, the activity against the growth of R. solani was almost unchanged when the culture filtrate was irradiated under ultraviolet (UV) or at pH ranging from 1 to 11, and was only reduced under pH conditions from 12 to 14. When observed under a light microscope, the mycelia of R. solani inhibited by the antifungal metabolites appeared abnormal in growth. The strong antifungal activity and relatively stable active substances of B. laterosporus ZQ2 showed great potential for controlling fungal diseases in apples.
Key words: Brevibacillus laterosporus, characterization, antifungal activity.
Ruicheng Ju and Xunli Liu*, Jian Yu, Zhen Song, Changxu Lu, Kaiqi Liu
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