ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and characterization of a chlorpyrifos-degrading bacterium from agricultural soil and its growth response
M. Surekha Rani1, K.Vijaya Lakshmi1* P. Suvarnalatha Devi1, R. Jaya Madhuri1, S. Aruna1, K. Jyothi1, G. Narasimha2 and K.Venkateswarlu3
1Department of Applied Microbiology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati – 517 502, India.
2Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati – 517 502, A.P, India.
3Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur– 515 003, A.P, India.
Accepted 20 July, 2012
Abstract
A soil bacterium capable of utilizing chlorpyrifos as sole carbon source was isolated by selective enrichment on mineral medium containing chlorpyrifos. The bacterial isolate, designated MS09, was identified and characterized as a strain of Providencia stuartii based on biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Growth studies showed that P. stuartii strain MS09 utilized chlorpyrifos to grow in Luria-Bertani broth containing different concentrations of chlorpyrifos at 50 -700 mg/L. However, the optimum concentration that supported bacterial growth over 24 h was found to be 50 - 200 mg/L chlorpyrifos. When compared with the control, a significant increase in bacterial growth was noted at a low concentration of chlorpyrifos (50 mg/L), whereas at higher concentrations (300 - 700 mg/L) an increased lag phase was observed, without inhibiting growth of the pesticide- utilizing bacterium. A literature survey revealed that no data is available regarding the role of P. stuartii on pesticide biodegradation.
Key words: Pesticide, chlorpyrifos, Providencia sp. (MTCC No 8099), biodegradation.
G. Narasimha and K.Venkateswarlu, R. Jaya Madhuri, S. Aruna, K. Jyothi, K.Vijaya Lakshmi* P. Suvarnalatha Devi, M. Surekha Rani
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Review
Human bocavirus, a real respiratory tract pathogen
Zhenqiang Bi*, Pierre B. H. Formenty and Cathy E. Roth.
Biorisk Reduction for Dangerous Pathogens, Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Accepted 26 September, 2012
Abstract
A new virus was discovered by molecular techniques in respiratory samples collected from young children with respiratory diseases in Sweden in 2005. The virus, named human bocavirus, is genetically related to the bovine parvovirus and the canine minute virus, both of which belong to the bocavirus genus of the parvoviridae family. Recent studies conducted in different countries have shown that HBoV is found in 1.5 - 19% of children with respiratory diseases. HBoV has been observed to be associated with a broad spectrum of both upper and lower respiratory tract diseases, more frequently related to lower respiratory diseases, one third of which is pneumonia. HBoV infection is of worldwide distribution, and a seasonal distribution with a peak in winter and spring is suspected. There is increasing evidence that HBoV is pathogenic for the human respiratory tract, especially in infants and young children, and HBoV has been detected from patients with gastroenteritis. However, given the frequent co-infection with bacterial or viral pathogens, the exact role played by this virus in human diseases still remains disputable. Further investigations, including population- based studies with controlled subjects, are needed to prove its pathogenic potential and epidemiologic patterns.
Key words: Respiratory virus, human bocavirus, parvovirus; HBoV; respiratory infection, children.
Zhenqiang Bi*, Pierre B. H. Formenty and Cathy E. Roth
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of some chemical preservatives on the shelf-life of sobo drink
*Doughari J. H, Alabi G. and Elmahmood A. M
Department of Microbiology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 2076, Yola 64002 Adamawa State, Nigeria.
Accepted 8 February, 2012
Abstract
The effect of some commonly used chemical preservatives (benzoic acid, sodium benzoate and sodium sulfite) on the shelf-life of Sobo drink was investigated by isolation of microorganisms before and during its ambient storage for 14 days. Three bacterial species, i.e. Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus were isolated. L. acidophilus was found only in the samples without preservatives, while B. subtilis and B. cereus were found in the samples with preservatives. Four fungal species, i.e. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichoderma sp. were isolated. Trichoderma sp. was isolated only in the samples without preservatives, while A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus were isolated in samples with preservatives. Antimicrobial activities of the chemical preservatives revealed that benzoic acid was the most effective against both bacterial and fungal species, followed by sodium benzoate and sodium sulfite. Of all the samples, only those treated with benzoic acid as preservative remained organoleptically attractive after preservation for 14 days.
Key words: Antimicrobial activity, chemical preservatives, Sobo, microorganisms.
Alabi G. and Elmahmood A. M, *Doughari J. H
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Production and optimization of thermostable alkaline xylanase by Penicillium oxalicum in solid state fermentation
R. Muthezhilan, R. Ashok and S. Jayalakshmi*
CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, India.
Accepted 20 April, 2012
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were Isolation, identification and characterization of xylanase producing fungi, optimization of medium composition and cultural conditions for xylanase enzyme production, production using cheaper sources and extraction and partial purification of extra cellular xylanase enzyme from a potential strain. Xylan has a complex structure consisting of -1, 4-linked xylose residues in the backbone to which short side chains of o- acetyl, -L-arabinofuranosyl, D - - glucuronic and phenolic acid residues are attached. A variety of microorganisms are reported to produce endo xylanases, that can degrade -1,4-xylan in a random fashion, yielding a series of linear and branched oligosaccharide fragments. Totally 69 strains were isolated from Pitchavaram mangroves. In secondary screening, based on the diameter of the clear zone formation in oat spelt xylan agar plates, Penicillium oxalicum was selected and optimized for xylanase enzyme production in solid state fermentation using cheaper sources like wheat bran, rice bran, rice straw, sesame oil cake and wood husk. Maximum enzyme activity was observed in wheat bran. (3.89 U/ml) Optimum pH and temperature for xylanase activity were found to be 8 and 45°C at 3% salt concentration. In purification step, 80% ammonium sulphate saturation was found to be suitable giving maximum xylanase activity. The use of wheat bran as a major carbon source is particularly valuable because oat spelt xylan or birch wood xylan are more expensive, Thus the present study proved that the fungal strain P. oxalicum used is highly potential and useful for industrial production.
Key words: Xylanases, solid state fermentation, fungi, optimization, purification.
R. Ashok and S. Jayalakshmi*, R. Muthezhilan
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Mohammed Rahmi* Mohamed Faid, Mohamed ElYachioui, El Hassan Berny, Mohamed Fakir and Mohamed Ouhssine
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Studies on immuno-bioactivities of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Oleaceae)
M. Kannan1*, A.J.A. Ranjit Singh2, T.T. Ajith Kumar3, P. Jegatheswari4 and S.Subburayalu5
1Microbiology Department, V.H.N.S.N.College, Virudhunagar-626 001, India.
2Department of Biology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi–627412 India.
3CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502, India.
4Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College for Women, Perambalur-621 212, India.
5K.R College of Arts and Science, Kovil Patti – 628 503, India.
Accepted 31 January, 2012
Abstract
In this study the immunomodulatory potential of an Indian medicinal plant, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. (Oleaceae), was investigated. The leaf extracts of N. arbor-tristis is used to treat arthritis, lung injury and some painful conditions such as cancer, chronic fever and rheumatism. An ethanolic extract of N. arbor-tristis (NAEE) was screened in rats for humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Oral administration of the NAEE to rats at a dose of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg significantly enhanced the circulating antibody titre when challenged with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and heat -killed Salmonella antigens. The chronic administration of NAEE increased the total counts of white blood cells (WBC) and potentated the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. The present study confirms the strong immuno-bioactivities in extracts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.
Key words: Immuno-bioactivities, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, anti inflammatory, humoral immunity, delayed-type hypersensitivity.
M. Kannan*, P. Jegatheswari and S.Subburayalu, A.J.A. Ranjit Singh, T.T. Ajith Kumar
Page: 1 - 10