ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Camel pneumonia in Nigeria: Epidemiology and bacterial flora in normal and diseased lung
M. S. Abubakar1,2*, M. Y. Fatihu3, N. D. G. Ibrahim3, S. B. Oladele3 and M. B. Abubakar2
1Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra, Malaysia.
2Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
3Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Accepted 05 February, 2018
Abstract
Respiratory disease is an emerging problem in camels, although information of the normal bacterial flora and bacterial agents implicated in pneumonia is rare in Nigeria. Five hundred lung samples were collected at random from two randomly selected camel slaughter house in Nigeria. Swabs samples were cultured and identified. Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida were recovered from pulmonary lesions, however Staphylococcus aureus and other Staphylococcus spp. were the most commonly isolated. Others agents isolated includes: Corynebacterium spp., Streptococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumonia, Micrococcus spp., Bacillus spp. and Proteus spp. It was concluded that, camels harbour in their lower respiratory tract potentially pathogenic agents, that may pose threat to other camels, domestic animals and/or livestock or even human populations. Therefore we suggest transboundary movements of animals be instituted and the camel herd health programme in Nigeria be maintained.
Key words: Bacterial flora, camel, epidemiology, Nigeria, pneumonia.
S. B. Oladele and M. B. Abubakar, M. S. Abubakar*, N. D. G. Ibrahim, M. Y. Fatihu
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and characterization of Newcastle disease virus from ostriches in Iran
M. Ghiamirad1*, A. Pourbakhsh2, H. Keyvanfar, R. Momayaz2, S. Charkhkar1 and A. Ashtari2
1Department of Microbiology Sciences, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Poultry Diseases Research and Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute Karaj, Iran.
Accepted 06 January, 2018
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious infection of poultry that causes nervous signs and mortality in young ostriches. This study has been done during two years from 2008 to 2010 in Iran, in order to explore ND in ostriches died following nervous signs, and carcasses of these ostriches examined by different methods including histopathology, bacteriology and virology. No histopathological sign was found in the samples. In bacteriological study no significant bacterial agents were isolated. In virology tests, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was isolated from 4 brain samples. Intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and mean death time of chicken embryo (MDT) values of these isolates were between 1.7-1.9 and 38-42 h, respectively, that indicated virulence of these viruses. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test confirmed NDV isolation from samples and its virulence. This study is the first report of NDV isolation from the Iranian commercial ostrich farms. With the respect to high virulence of isolated viruses and endemic pattern of virus in Iran, control program should be organized.
Key words: Newcastle disease virus, ostrich, Iran, MDT, ICPI, RT-PCR.
A. Pourbakhsh, M. Ghiamirad*, R. Momayaz, S. Charkhkar and A. Ashtari, H. Keyvanfar
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (6), pp. 001-008, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Degradative activity of bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon-polluted site in Ilaje, Ondo State, Nigeria
Boboye, B., Olukunle, O. F.*, and Adetuyi, F. C.
Federal University of Technology, P. M. B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Accepted 21 March, 2018
Abstract
A study was carried out to isolate hydrocarbon -degrading bacteria associated with environmental samples collected from Ilaje coastal area, Nigeria. The samples were analyzed microbiologically using standard microbiological techniques. These organisms were further studied to determine their biodegrading activities on hydrocarbons (diesel, kerosene, petrol) using enrichment medium. The microbial growths were determined using spectrophotometer blanked at 600 nm. The nine bacteria isolated from environmental samples were Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Aerococcus viridian, Clostridium sporogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus faecalis and Bacillus sp. It was observed from the result that the length of incubation had significant effect on degradation as well as the cell load. For all the bacteria, there was general increase in length of incubation with the various hydrocarbons. The results showed that there was degradation of oil, mostly between days 1 and 3. It was also observed that there was a gradual decline in the concentration of the broth, between days 4 and 7, which suggests decrease in the bacterial population and that the oil was being degraded. The test on the degrading activity of isolates on hydrocarbon revealed that S. aureus, C. sporogenes, S. faecalis and Bacillus sp. were the best degraders of kerosene, petrol and diesel, respectively. The ability of these isolates to degrade hydrocarbons is clear evidence that their genome harbors the relevant degrading gene. However, an important limiting factor is the slow rate of degradation which often limits the practicality of using microorganisms in remediating hydrocarbon impacted environment. Further research in this area can make a marked improvement.
Key words: Biodegrading activity, bioremediation, microorganisms, incubation period, oil spill.
O. F.*, Boboye , F. C., B. , and Adetuyi, Olukunle
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (6), pp. 001-011, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Combination of high frequency electromagnetic fields with pre heat to inactivate mesophil microorganisms of flexible packed cooked chick and cooked chick meal
Zand N.1*, Foroudi F.3, Mailova E.2, and Voskanyan A. V.4,5
1Department of Food Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Varamin branch, P. O. Box 33781857554, Varamin, Iran.
2Department of Food Equipment and Packaging, Armenian State Agrarian University (Yerevan), Teryan 74 Ave., P. O. Box 37410567411, Yerevan-Armenia
3Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Varamin branch, P. O. Box 33781857554, Varamin, Iran.
4Laboratory of Physiologicaly Active Substances Purification, Certification and Standardization, Orbeli Institute of Physiology, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia.
5OPTIPACK LLC (Packages And Packing Machines Manufacturing) Yerevan, Republic of Armenia.
Accepted 22 March, 2018
Abstract
The effect of high frequency Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) combined with various condition of pre-heating for inactivation of mesophil microorganisms in multilayer flexible pouches has been studied. All samples were filled in pouches and, have been put in (water bath chamber; different condition of pre heating (80°C 5 min, 80°C 10 min, 80°C 15 min, 85°C 5 min, 85°C 10 min, 85°C 15 min) have been done; and ready for EMI sterilization which discharges square-wave pulses with variable voltage 1-20 kV/cm and frequency 8-10 GHz. The spores of these bacteria (gr+) were practically resistant in electric field; however, pre heat caused spore changed its behavior from passive forms (latent) to active forms (vegetative). If cells are cultivated at higher temperature, increasing tendency which can permanently keep fluidity viscosity of the cell membrane before electromagnetic field so EMI efficiency is increased. The populations of mesophil microorganisms depended on type of treatment type of chick type and type of culture. The death ratio of mesophil microorganisms increasing in chick 14200% more than chick meal, chance of negative mesophile microorganism growth in every treatment compares with last treatment increasing 54%. Negative growth in culture "PCA" is 3.3 degree more than culture "PE 2, in culture "PE 2" is 330% more than culture "Cook meat"; how ere these parameter in various thermal processing without EMI was evaluated positive mesophile microorganism growth increasing in chick meal 1905% more than chick type, and chance of passive mesophile microorganism growth in every treatment compares with last treatment decreasing 41% and type culture have no effect on growth of mesophil bacteria.
Key words: High frequency electromagnetic fields, electromagnetic induction, flexible packaging, mesophil bacteria, thermal processing, cooked chick, cooked chick meal.
and Voskanyan A. V., Foroudi F, Mailova E, Zand N*
Page: 1 - 11
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antimicrobial activity determination of the gum of Pistacia atlantica Desf. oil
Bachir Raho ghalem* and Benali Mohamed
Biotoxicology Laboratory, Biology Institute, Science Faculty, Djillali Liabès University of Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria.
Accepted 07 February, 2018
Abstract
The essential oil from the gum of Pistacia atlantica Desf. grown in Algeria was obtained by the hydrodistillation method, and its antimicrobial activities against the growth of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes were evaluated using the agar disc diffusion, the minimal inhibitory quantity (MIQ) determination method and the liquid phase by Maruzella method. The results of the study revealed that essential oil resin of P. atlantica has antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive as well as Gram negative bacteria resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents, and they were considerably dependent upon concentration.
Key words: Gum, Pistacia atlantica Desf. oil, antimicrobial activities, clinical isolates.
Bachir Raho ghalem*, Benali Mohamed
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
In vivo and in vitro antagonism of Streptomyces sp. RO3 against Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum candidum
M. C. Maldonado*, C. E. Orosco, M. A. Gordillo and A R. Navarro
Instituto de Biotecnologia, Facultad de Bioquimica, Quimica y Farmacia. Universidad
Nacional de Tucuman. Ayacucho 465 (4000) Tucuman. Argentina.
Accepted 22 March, 2018
Abstract
Streptomyces strains may control postharvest lemon fruit diseases caused by Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum candidum. Four Streptomyces strains (RO3, MC3, Alem and CE1) were tested and RO3 was the strain with the highest antagonistic activity. Streptomyces RO3 showed a maximum biomass value (2.15 g/L) after 72 h incubation in yeast extract, malt extract, glucose (YMG) medium; in starch casein medium the highest value was 0.477 g/L at 120 h incubation. The metabolites produced in YMG medium showed the maximum inhibition against G. candidum and P. digitatum (19.64 and 62.12% respectively). The inhibitory activity of metabolites decreased after autoclaving. RO3 metabolites have molecular mass higher than 2000 and they have fungicidal action mode against P. digitatum. In vivo assays, RO3 metabolites with wax, totally controlled lemon diseases (mainly sour rot and green mold). This is the first study on Streptomyces to control postharvest lemon diseases.
Key words: Streptomyces, Penicillium digitatum, Geotrichum candidum, metabolites, lemon diseases.
M. C. Maldonado*, M. A. Gordillo and A R. Navarro, C. E. Orosco
Page: 1 - 6