ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Response surface methodology for optimizing process parameters for the mass production of BEAUVERIA BASSIANA conidiospores
Priyanka Dhar and Gurvinder Kaur*
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
Accepted 07 March, 2019
Abstract
BEAUVERIA BASSIANA is an insect pathogenic fungus and is currently being exploited as an effective commercial mycoinsecticide. Solid state fermentation is the most efficient way to mass produce B. BASSIANA conidiospores on solid substrates. Statistical optimization strategy was adopted to maximize the conidia production through solid state fermentation. Four substrates viz., rice (polished), crushed sorghum, wheat bran and rice bran at variable moisture content and yeast extract concentration were used. A full factorial central composite design was used to design the experiment and response surface method was used to study the optimal parameters required for large scale production. Optimization of the two most important factors like moisture content and yeast extract concentration at varied levels conferred best conidial yield of 28.8 × 109 /gm for the mixed substrate rice + wheat bran at 35% moisture content and 1.5% yeast extract concentration.
Key words: Beauveria bassiana, central composite design, conidiospores, response surface methodology, solid state fermentation.
Priyanka Dhar, Gurvinder Kaur*
Research Article
Evaluation of anticarcinogenicity effect of Artemia urmiana by Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 strain
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of anticarcinogenicity effect of Artemia urmiana by Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 strain
Masumeh Abbasi1, Saman Mahdavi2* and Sedigheh Mehrabian3
1Islamic Azad university- Malekan Branch, Iran.
2Islamic Azad university- Maragheh Branch, Iran.
3Department of Biology, Faculty of science, Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 14 February, 2019
Abstract
Free radicals are produced during oxidative metabolism in body and they can attack all components of cells and cause cellular changes and early aging. Antioxidant materials role for balance maintenance in cells has currently attracted more attention. The aim of this study is investing of antimutation effect of Artemia, cyst and decapsulated egg extract by Ames test and Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 strain. These extract prevent reverse mutation caused by carcinogenic materials. In comparison with positive controls (sodium azid, KMno4, cresol) and negative control (distilled water) antimutagenicity properties of Artemia was evaluated and confirmed. In addition, the value of astaxanthin in those extracts was assayed. For quality analysis and separation of astaxanthin, we used thin-layer chromatography (TLC) chromatography and column chromatography, respectively. Then, the presense of astaxanthin in these extracts was confirmed by spectrometer IR test. The results showed that antimutagenicity properties of Artemia urmiana are the same with other salty water Artemia. Antimutagenicity and anticarcinogenicity properties in decapsulated egg, dried Artemia and cyst are 85, 70 and 100%, respectively.
Key words: Ames test, anticarcinogenicity, antioxidant, Artemia urmiana, Salmonella typhimurium TA 100.
Masumeh Abbasi, Saman Mahdavi* and Sedigheh Mehrabian
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation, identification and characterization of oleaginous fungi from the soil of Qinghai Plateau that utilize D-xylose
Shi Lin Li, Shun Li Feng, Zeng Ting Li, Hui Xu, Ying Peng Yu, Dai Rong Qiao and Yi Cao*
Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.
Accepted 20 January, 2019
Abstract
We established a new screening method for oleaginous fungus, which was consistent with sudan black B stained but more convenient and faster. 11 strains of oleaginous fungi that utilize D- xylose were isolated from the soil of Qinghai Plateau by this method. These strains belong to 7 species by molecular identifying, they are Tilletiopsis albescens, Backusella ctenidia, lectosphaerella sp., Gibberella fujikuroi, Fusarium sp. Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium decumberns; 4 of which were the first time found to produce lipids, they are Tilletiopsis albescens, Backusella ctenidia, lectosphaerella sp. and Gibberella fujikuroi. In addition, these oleaginous fungi could accumulate certain microbial oil by fermenting D-xylose and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), whose composition is similar to vegetable oil and can be converted to biodiesel. These microorganism species that may use cheap lignocellulose to produce microbial oil, it can pave lane for biodiesel production with low cost.
Key words: Oleaginous fungi, D-xylose, carboxymethyl cellulose, biodiesel.
Ying Peng Yu, Shi Lin Li, Hui Xu, Dai Rong Qiao and Yi Cao*, Zeng Ting Li, Shun Li Feng
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Survey of 3rd generation cephalosporin genes in multi-resistant Salmonella serotypes from septic poultry and an asymptomatic healthy pig from Nigeria
Akinlabi O. Ogunleye1* and Steve A. Carlson2
1Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Accepted 23 February, 2019
Abstract
Occurrence and spread of Salmonella genes encoding AmpC and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is a major public health problem worldwide. These genes have been identified in Salmonella serotypes all over the world yet there is paucity of reports on these genes in Nigeria, despite the phenotypic evidence of resistance to beta- lactam drugs. The current work used a multiplex PCR to identify beta-lactam resistance genes in five Nigerian-origin Salmonella isolates exhibiting resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. The isolates included four strains isolated from septic poultry (two strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky and two strains of presumptive S. enterica serotype Pullorum) and one S. enterica serotype Give isolated from one of two hundred asymptomatic pigs. The predominant genes found in these Nigeria serotypes include: TEM, SHV, GES, OXA-2, ACCM, FOX, ECBM and DHAM. The presence of these plasmid-borne genes underscores the potential health risk of antibiotic resistance transfer from food animals to human in Nigeria because third-generation cephalosporin drugs are still the drug of choice in treating life-threatening systemic infections in Nigeria.
Key words: Salmonella, 3rd generation cephalosporin, multi-resistant, Nigeria.
Akinlabi O. Ogunleye*, Steve A. Carlson
Research Article
The synthesis and role of hydroxyectoine in halophilic bacterium Halomonas ventosae DL7
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The synthesis and role of hydroxyectoine in halophilic bacterium Halomonas ventosae DL7
Daochen Zhu1,2*, Chenxiang Wang3, Shoko Hosoi-Tanabe4, Weimin Zhang2 and Shinichi Nagata4
1School of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013, China.
2Guangdong Provincial Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial, Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
3Environmental Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China.
4Environmental Biochemistry Division, Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukae, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan.
Accepted 11 February, 2019
Abstract
Hydroxyectoine and ectoine were accumulated in the moderately halophilic bacterium Halomonas ventosae DL7 as dominant compatible solutes in response to the external thermo- and osmo-stresses (30-42°C, 1-3 M NaCl). As the byproduct of ectoine, hydroxyectoine was directly converted from ectoine mediated by the ectoine hydroxylase in DL7, and the hydroxylase gene sequence was obtained by PCR. Further, the activity of ectoine hydroxylase of strain DL7 cells in vitro was determined at 30 to 42°C, and the thermo-stress conduce the inhibition of this enzyme activity. In addition, DL7 cells showed similar growth level when grown in presence of same level ectoine or hydroxyectoine (1 mM) in medium with high salinity (2-2.7 M NaCl). However, the presence of hydroxyectoine showed higher growth level than ectoine when DL7 cells were incubated at 42°C. The results showed that the alteration of temperature instead of salinity stress obviously stimulated the expression of ectoine hydroxylase, but inhibited its activity, and hydroxyectoine with ectoine together played an important role as thermo- and osmo-protectants in strain DL7 to cope with high temperature and salinity environment.
Key words: Halomonas ventosae DL7, compatible solutes, hydroxyectoine, ectoine hydroxylase, thermo-stress, osmo-stress.
Chenxiang Wang, Shoko Hosoi-Tanabe, Daochen Zhu*, Weimin Zhang and Shinichi Nagata
Research Article
Expanding drug resistance through integron acquisition in Salmonella spp. isolates obtained in Iran
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Expanding drug resistance through integron acquisition in Salmonella spp. isolates obtained in Iran
Bahareh Rajaei1, Seyed Davar Siadat1,2*, Mohamad Reza Razavi3, Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi 2, Nahid Sepehri Rad1, Farzad Badmasti4, Somieh Khanjani Jafroodi3, Taraneh Rajaei5, Arfa Moshiri6 and Saifuddin Javadian7
1Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
3Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
4Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
5Department of Immunology and Allergy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
6Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
7Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
A total eighty four epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovars were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular detection of class 1 and 2 integrons. Eleven isolates (13.1%) which were resistant to at least 4 groups of antimicrobial agents considered as MDR (multidrug resistant) Salmonella serovars. PCR assays detected intI1 and intI2 genes in 50 (59.5%) and 14 (16.7%) of Salmonella clinical isolates respectively. Emergence of MDR Salmonella serovars demonstrates that antimicrobial selection pressure is widespread and increased distribution of integron carrying gene cassettes which confer resistance to different antibiotics confirms that integron-mediated antibiotic resistance is considerable in our clinical settings.
Key words: Salmonella spp., integron, multidrug resistance (MDR).
Somieh Khanjani Jafroodi, Mohamad Reza Razavi, Seyed Davar Siadat*, Taraneh Rajaei, Bahareh Rajaei, Arfa Moshiri and Saifuddin Javadian, Farzad Badmasti, Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi, Nahid Sepehri Rad