ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of purified polysaccharide from cultured Cordyceps militaris
Fengyao Wu1, Hui Yan1, Xiaoning Ma1, Junqing Jia1,2, Guozheng Zhang1,2, Xijie Guo1,2 and Zhongzheng Gui1,2*
1Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China.
2Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China.
Accepted 15 February, 2019
Abstract
The polysaccharide fraction, CM-hs-CPS2, was isolated from fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps militaris grown on solid rice medium by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, and purified by ion exchange column (DEAE-cellulose-52) and gel filtration column (Sephadex G-100) chromatography. Its structural characterizations were analyzed by gas chromatograph (GC) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Results indicated that CM-hs-CPS2 was a kind of sulfating acidic polysaccharide containing acetamido group. The monosaccharide composition analysis showed that CM-hs-CPS2 was composed mainly of mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ration of 1.35: 8.34: 1.00, and linked by α-glycosidic linkage. The studies on antioxidant activities of CM-hs-CPS2 were evaluated by various methods in vitro. Results showed that DPPH· scavenging activity, reducing power and ferrous ion chelating activity of CM-hs-CPS2 (8 mg/ml) were 89%, 1.188 and 85%, respectively.
Key words: Cordyceps militaris, polysaccharide, structure, bioactivity.
Guozheng Zhang, Xiaoning Ma, Hui Yan, Xijie Guo and Zhongzheng Gui*, Fengyao Wu, Junqing Jia
Page: 1 - 9
Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-011, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Current understanding of de novo synthesis of bacterial lipid carrier (undecaprenyl phosphate): More enzymes to be discovered
Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker* and Prasit Palittapongarnpim
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand.
Accepted 09 February, 2019
Abstract
An isoprenoid named undecaprenyl phosphate (Und-p) is the only known lipid carrier in bacteria. It is involved in the translocation of hydrophilic intermediates of cell wall components across the hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane for subsequent polymerization in cell wall synthesis. Und-p is made available by both de novo synthesis and recycling. Evidences are emerging that in addition to dephosphorylation of undecaprenyl pyrophosphate (Und-pp), the phosphorylation of undecaprenol (Und-OH) into Und-p exists as an alternative pathway in Gram-positive bacteria but not in Gram-negative bacteria. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge in the synthesis of Und-p. It also hypothesizes the presence of yet to be identified Und-pp phosphatases at the inner cytoplasmic membrane that function in addition to a known phosphatase, named undecaprenyl pyrophosphate phosphatase (Upp-P) in de novo synthesis of Und-p. As the processes involved in cell wall synthesis remains the most promising antimicrobial therapeutic means, a more thorough understanding of the synthesis of the bacterial lipid carrier will not only improve the knowledge of cell wall synthesis but may also lead to the identification of potential drug targets and vaccine candidates.
Key words: Lipid carrier, undecaprenyl phosphate, undecaprenol, undecaprenol kinase, cell wall synthesis.
Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker*, Prasit Palittapongarnpim
Page: 1 - 11
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-011, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Combretum mucronatum (Schumach) leaf extract
Ogundare, A. O.* and Akinyemi, A. I.
Department of Microbiology, Federal University Of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
Accepted 20 February, 2019
Abstract
The cold extraction method was used to obtain the methanol extract of the leaf of Combretum mucronatum. The extract was analyzed for antibacterial activities, using some pathogenic bacteria namely: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus subtilis. The antibacterial bioassay was carried out in-vitro and it revealed that the methanol leaf extract inhibited the growth of the tested organisms at a concentration of 25.0 mg/ml except K. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes which were resistant. The extract exhibited the highest inhibitory potential on S. aureus with a zone of inhibition value of 35.0 mm at a concentration of 25.0 mg/ml. This was followed by E. coli and P. aeruginosa which were inhibited with zones of inhibition values 30.0 mm and 25.0 mm respectively. B. cereus was the least inhibited with a zone of inhibition of 16.0 mm. Result of the phytochemical screening tests revealed that the extract contains saponin, tannins, anthraquinone and cardiac glycoside. The rate at which the extract was able to kill the test organisms showed that the organisms decreased with increased time of exposure to the extract. P. aeruginosa decreased to zero at the 24th hour. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the leaf extract ranged from 25.0 to 3.12 mg/ml. The result of the antibiotic sensitivity test compared well with the commercial antibiotics.
Key words: Antibacterial, zone of inhibition, phytochemical screening, extracts, rate of killing.
Ogundare , A. O.* and Akinyemi, A. I.
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessing the potential of Tetradenia riparia in treatment of common skin conditions in rural communities of South Africa
R. M. Coopoosamy* and K. K. Naidoo
Department of Nature Conservation, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P. O. Box 12363, Jacobs, 4026, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Accepted 20 March, 2019
Abstract
Tetradenia riparia has been used by traditional healers for treatment against various ailments including wound healing and skin sores. The scientific validation of the use of T. riparia against selected strains of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as selected fungal strains has substantiated the use by traditional healers. The relatively high inhibitory concentration for both bacterial and fungal strains further indicated the high value of this plant species in the medicinal world and could aid in treatment of secondary infections, such as, mouth sores, pelvic or vaginal sores in individuals who are HIV/AIDS infected.
Key words: Tetradenia riparia, iboza, antimicrobial, traditional medicines.
R. M. Coopoosamy*, K. K. Naidoo
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A laboratory scale bioremediation of Tapis crude oil contaminated soil by bioaugmentation of ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII T30C
Lee Kok Chang1*, Darah Ibrahim1 and Ibrahim Che Omar2
1Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory (IBRL), School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang Malaysia.
2Faculty of Agro Industry and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Karung Berkunci 36, 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Accepted 03 March, 2019
Abstract
Microbial degradation of Tapis crude oil contaminated soil by ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII T30C was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the selected potential hydrocarbon degrader in stimulating bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil with different treatment units in microcosms with 2.5 kg soil. Previously, A. BAUMANNII T30C was isolated from a Tapis crude oil-contaminated soil of oil refinery plant, Terengganu, Malaysia. The reduction of residual hydrocarbons in the soil was observed for a period of about 35 days. The study showed that amendment of nutrients was needed for stimulating the growth of A. BAUMANNII T30C and indigenous microorganism in assisting the degradation of residual hydrocarbons in the soil.
Key words: Bioremediation, bioaugmentation, aliphatic hydrocarbons, amendment of nutrients.
Lee Kok Chang*, Darah Ibrahim and Ibrahim Che Omar
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bioaccumulation of cesium-137 and cobalt-60 from solid cellulosic-based radioactive waste simulates by Plurotus pulmonarius
Eskander S. B.1*, Abdel Aziz S. M.2 and El-saayed H.2
1Radioisotope Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
2Middle Eastern Regional Radioisotope Centre for the Arab Countries, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Accepted 23 March, 2019
Abstract
Solid cellulose-based radioactive wastes (CBW) constitutes in some cases, about 70% of the total solid low and intermediate level organic wastes originated from peaceful applications of nuclear technology in various fields of our life. Cesium-137 and cobalt-60 represent two of the most important radioisotopes spiking these waste categories. Both are serious contamination concerns due to their high energy gamma ray emitting (Cs-137 = 0.662 MeV and Co-60 = 1.17 and 1.33 MeV), besides 137Cs is considered as one of long-lived isotopes (T1/2 = 30.5 years). In this part of work, laboratory scale attempts were performed to follow bioaccumulation of Cs-137 and/or Co-60, found separately or together in a mixture of some solid CBW simulates. The process is based on the capability of Pleurotus pulmonarius to biodegrade the solid CBW simulates achieving acceptable weight reduction for the waste as well as reasonable bioaccumulation of the two isotopes from the spiked mixture, within their cells. Up to 134.95 and 41.1 kBq/kg (based on the dry weight of mushroom) were accumulated from Cs-137 and Co-60 respectively within a period of 54±3 days. It is worth mentioning that more than 54% weight reduction percent for the solid CBW simulates was acquired only due to a single cultivation process. Based on the data so far obtained, the bioremediation process for solid CBW based on the P. pulmonarius bioactivity seems to be simple, effective, and economical and can work where the other process cannot be applied.
Key words: Biological treatment, mushroom, Pleurotus spp., cellulosic waste, radiocesium, radiocobalt, gamma irradiation.
Abdel Aziz S. M and El-saayed H, Eskander S. B*
Page: 1 - 8