ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Combretum mucronatum (Schumach) leaf extract
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-011, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Combretum mucronatum (Schumach) leaf extract
Ogundare, A. O.* and Akinyemi, A. I.
Department of Microbiology, Federal University Of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
Accepted 20 February, 2019
Abstract
The cold extraction method was used to obtain the methanol extract of the leaf of Combretum mucronatum. The extract was analyzed for antibacterial activities, using some pathogenic bacteria namely: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus subtilis. The antibacterial bioassay was carried out in-vitro and it revealed that the methanol leaf extract inhibited the growth of the tested organisms at a concentration of 25.0 mg/ml except K. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes which were resistant. The extract exhibited the highest inhibitory potential on S. aureus with a zone of inhibition value of 35.0 mm at a concentration of 25.0 mg/ml. This was followed by E. coli and P. aeruginosa which were inhibited with zones of inhibition values 30.0 mm and 25.0 mm respectively. B. cereus was the least inhibited with a zone of inhibition of 16.0 mm. Result of the phytochemical screening tests revealed that the extract contains saponin, tannins, anthraquinone and cardiac glycoside. The rate at which the extract was able to kill the test organisms showed that the organisms decreased with increased time of exposure to the extract. P. aeruginosa decreased to zero at the 24th hour. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the leaf extract ranged from 25.0 to 3.12 mg/ml. The result of the antibiotic sensitivity test compared well with the commercial antibiotics.
Key words: Antibacterial, zone of inhibition, phytochemical screening, extracts, rate of killing.
Ogundare , A. O.* and Akinyemi, A. I.
Research Article
Helicobacter pylori and CagAantibodies in hyperemesis gravidarum (HG)
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-003, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Helicobacter pylori and CagAantibodies in hyperemesis gravidarum (HG)
Fatemeh Abbasalizadeh1*, Shamsi Abbasalizadeh1, Mohammad Reza Bonyadi2 and Parvin Bastani1
1Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran.
2Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran.
Accepted 19 March, 2019
Abstract
In order to determine whether infection with Helicobacter pylori and CagA strain is associated with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), a study was conducted in Al- Zahra obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Tabriz, Iran between May 2007 and February 2008. Forty-four (44) pregnant women with the diagnosis of HG and forty-four (44) normal pregnant women of matched gestational age were included in this prospective study. Serum H. pylori immunoglobulin G antibody titer and CagAantibodies were measured for both groups of women. There was no difference in seropositivity of H. pylori antibody between subjects with hyperemesis when compared with controls. The prevalence of H. pylori infection with CagA + gene was significantly higher among control group when compared with study group. HG seems not to be associated with H. pylori infection. The results of this study suggested higher levels of CagA H. pylori infection in control groups.
Key words: Helicobacter pylori, hyperemesis gravidarum, CagA + gene.
Shamsi Abbasalizadeh, Mohammad Reza Bonyadi and Parvin Bastani, Fatemeh Abbasalizadeh*
Research Article
RepC as a negative copy number regulator is involved in the maintenance of pJB01 homeostasis
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
RepC as a negative copy number regulator is involved in the maintenance of pJB01 homeostasis
Sam Woong Kim1, Ho Young Kang2, Sang Wan Gal3, Kwang-Keun Cho4 and Jeong Dong Bahk5*
1Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, 150 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-758, Korea.
2Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
3Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology,
150 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-758, Korea.
4Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, 150 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-758, Korea.
5Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
Accepted 15 February, 2019
Abstract
The plasmid pJB01 contains a single operon consisting of three orfs, copA, repB and repC cistrons. The operon, also called repABC operon, starts transcription at T695 or A696 on the pJB01 genetic map. CopA (called RepA in pMV158 family) or ctRNA (counter-transcript RNA) of this plasmid play roles as a repressor of RepB, a replication initiator, on the transcriptional and translational level, respectively. RepC did not bind 73 bp PCR product including three tandem repeats (5′-CAACAAA-3′), the binding sites for RepB and any other regions on pJB01. However, when RepB and RepC were added simultaneously in the reaction mixture for gel mobility shift assay, unexpectedly, three kinds of retarded bands were observed. It suggests that RepC can interact with RepB by protein-protein interaction. In addition, the copy numbers of RepC-deleted pJB01 ermC (erythromycin-resistant methylase C) plasmids are increased 1.37-1.45 folds when compared with that of parent pJB01 ermC. From these, it could be proposed that RepC plays a role as a negative regulator to modify RepB function in the initiation of pJB01 replication, and therefore, the copy number of pJB01 is maintained via mutual global regulation of various replication factors, such as CopA, ctRNA, RepB and RepC.
Key words: pJB01, repABC operon, replication initiator, RepC, global regulation.
Ho Young Kang, Sang Wan Gal, Sam Woong Kim, Kwang-Keun Cho and Jeong Dong Bahk*
Research Article
Isolation and characterization of a potential biocontrol Brevibacillus laterosporus
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and characterization of a potential biocontrol Brevibacillus laterosporus
Zhen Song1, Kaiqi Liu2, Changxu Lu3, Jian Yu3, Ruicheng Ju1 and Xunli Liu3*
1College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
2Department of Plant Protection, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
3College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
Accepted 24 February, 2019
Abstract
An antagonist bacterium ZQ2 was isolated from an apple rhizosphere at Mount Tai in China. The bacterium strongly inhibited the growth of numerous apple phytopathogens in vitro, such as Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Physalospora piricola. The inhibition rates against the different fungi ranged from 55.26 to 88.17. The strain ZQ2 was identified as Brevibacillus laterosporus based on morphology, biochemical tests, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The antifungal metabolites produced by ZQ2 were thermally stable even after being maintained at 121°C for 30 min. Meanwhile, the activity against the growth of R. solani was almost unchanged when the culture filtrate was irradiated under ultraviolet (UV) or at pH ranging from 1 to 11, and was only reduced under pH conditions from 12 to 14. When observed under a light microscope, the mycelia of R. solani inhibited by the antifungal metabolites appeared abnormal in growth. The strong antifungal activity and relatively stable active substances of B. laterosporus ZQ2 showed great potential for controlling fungal diseases in apples.
Key words: Brevibacillus laterosporus, characterization, antifungal activity.
Ruicheng Ju and Xunli Liu*, Jian Yu, Zhen Song, Changxu Lu, Kaiqi Liu
Research Article
Recombinant clone ABA392 protects laboratory animals from PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA Serotype B
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Recombinant clone ABA392 protects laboratory animals from PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA Serotype B
Jamal Hussaini1, Nazmul M. H. M.1, Mahmood A. Abdullah2 and Salmah Ismail2
1Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
2Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Accepted 23 January, 2019
Abstract
In this study the potential of the previously contracted recombinant clone ABA392 derived from PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA serotype B to protect laboratory animal against haemorrhagic septicaemia was determined. After reconfirmation of plasmid DNA size, its stability and pathological effect of the clone, passive mice protection test and active immunization was carried out. Pooled serum sample from rats vaccinated with live and killed form of the clone was administered to mice and provided 66% protection while active immunization with the recombinant clone conferred 83% immunity to mice when challenged with lethal dose of P. MULTOCIDA. ELISA results were positive for presence of antibody in serum of immunized mice. Sub-cloning of the insert ABA392 into an expression vector pQE32 was carried out to express its protein. It was found that the recombinant clone ABA392 is immunogenic and could be used as vaccine in future.
Key words: Recombinant clone, immunogenicity, Pasteurella multocida serotype B.
Jamal Hussaini, Mahmood A. Abdullah and Salmah Ismail, Nazmul M. H. M
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Analysis of biochemical divergence for classification of six native silkworm based on total cholesterol
Alireza Seidavi
Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 10 March, 2019
Abstract
This research studies a comparison between the levels and the abundance total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol (High Density Lipoproteins), LDL cholesterol (Low Density Lipoproteins), total lipase and lipids in six native groups of silkworm. These six biochemical parameters and enzymes play important roles in the silk production, digestion and other physiological activities. Other aim of this experiment was study and classification of these six native silkworm based on biochemical parameters. In 5th day of 5th instar, heamolymph sampled using standard method. Sampled heamolymph transferred to laboratory. Heamolymph was obtained by cutting abdominal proleg and collected into 1.5 ml tube containing a few granules of phenylthiourea to prevent melanization. After 10 min centrifugation at 10000 rpm, the supernatant was used. Pellets was discarded also. The supernatant was transferred to new tubes and was preserved at -20ºC until the onset of the experiments. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering was done by using NTSYS-pc, based on Un weighted pair-group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA). From obtained results, it is showed that amount of total lipase in six studied local varieties included between 79.26 to 176.08 IU/L. Among studied local varieties, the highest level of total lipase belonged to Pink Khorasan (176.08 IU/L), and Lemon Haratee and Baghdadi variety (79.26 IU/L) remained at lower level than other varieties Other varieties were between these two groups. Meanwhile statistical differences between studied varieties for this trait were not significant (P>0.05). Analyzed varieties were divided into three distinct groups. At cross 2.53, two clusters were formed which classified into subgroups in crosses of 0.80. Frequent divisions were also observed in major groups. First group includes Baghdadi variety and second group includes Pink Khorasan variety.
Key words: Silkworm, triglyceride, hierarchical agglomerative cluster, biochemical marker.
Alireza Seidavi