Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of gD gene of human herpes simplex virus type 2 in Iranian isolates

Hassan Momtaz¹, Payam Ghasemi Dehkordi ^2*, Abbas Ali Rezaeian², Ramin Yaghobi³, Mohammad Kargar² and Manochehr Momeni⁴

¹Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch,

Shahrekord, Iran.

²Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Jahrom, Iran.

³Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Namazee Hospital, University of Medical Science, Shiraz-Iran.

⁴Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord-Iran.

Accepted 19 March, 2016

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a member of herpesviridae family and subfamily of alphaherpesvirinae. HSV-2 infection often causes genital herpes in women and men, abortion, infant herpes and non-infectious meningitides. Glycoprotein D and B, respectively, are coded by gD and gB gene. They are the adhesion of HSV-2 attached to the surface of the epithelial cells and are used for making vaccine. To determine the phylogenetic analysis of HSV-2 gD gene and cloning of it in E. coli, infected samples from Esfahan and Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari provinces in Iran, which were multiplied by PCR and then the segments having 1013bp lengths related to 3 infected samples for gD gene were selected in cloning pCR 4-TOPO plasmid and sequencing. After determining the nucleotide sequences of HSV-2 gD gene, they were compared with samples reported in Iran and other countries. The results showed 2.8 - 10% genetic differentiation which enjoyed more affinity with nucleotide sequenced in USA (K02373) with 97.2% and the biggest difference is in Sweden sample (EU018093) with 90%. The current research showed high homology in the sequence of gD gene of HSV-2. Then, with presence of these affinities in the research samples and other species of Iran and other countries, a good vaccine can be made with high efficiency against all HSV-2 species in the world.

Key words: Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), PCR, gD gene, phylogenenetic analysis, Iran, Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province, Esfahan province.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence of bacterial infection responsible for bovine mastitis

DaRong Cheng¹*, ShanYuan Zhu², ZhaoHua Yin¹, WenWei Ding³, ZhiXia Mu¹, ZhiRui Su¹ and HuaiChang Sun¹

¹College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.

²Jiangsu Animal Husbandry and Veterinary College, Taizhou, 225300, China.

³Xuzhou Bio - Engineering Higher Vocational School; Xuzhou 221006, China.

Accepted 7 January, 2016

Abstract

Mastitis continues to be the most economically important disease of dairy cattle, and current data on mastitis is even less readily available. To investigate into the prevalence of the pathogens responsible for bovine mastitis, 100 raw milk samples were obtained from the dairy cows with clinical or sub-clinical bovine mastitis in 5 farms in Jiangsu Province, China. All the samples were submitted to bacterial isolation and identification by morphologic examination and biotyping. The data revealed that Escherichia coli was the commonest organism in mastitis cases, being implicated in 82% cases, and Streptococcus uberis (53%) continues to be a prevalent pathogen closely followed by Staphylococcus aureus (41%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (29%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (27%). In addition, Str. uberis and S. aureus were more frequently associated with clinical mastitis than sub-clinical case, while the infection rates of other bacteria were similar. Further more, Staphylococcus epidermids (15%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (10%), previously considered as naught pathogenic bacteria, were also detected in the diseased mammary gland of the problem cows.

Key words: Mastitis, bovine, bacteria, infection, prevalence.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Comparison of cell growth and ethanol productivity on different pretreatment of rice straw hemicellulose hydrolysate by using Candida shehatae CICC 1766

Wan-Li Sun^1,2 and Wei-Yi Tao^1*

¹Key Lab of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.

²College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, Yichun, China.

Accepted 10 May, 2015

Abstract

In this work, the cell growth and ethanol productivity was tested for lignocellulosic biomass sugars of overliming-detoxified and NaOH-neutralized rice straw acid hydrolysate by using Candida shehatae CICC 1766. When the acetic acid reached 3 g/L in defined xylose medium, the final ethanol concentration was 33% of that in the medium without acetic acid addition. C. shehatae CICC 1766 could bear lower pH (ethanol yield 13.5 g/L at pH 4.0) in overliming-detoxified hydrolysate. At the optimal pH 5.0 the ethanol yield attended to 16.1 g/L. Ethanol yield in NaOH-neutralized hydrolysate was 13.7 g/L which is better than in overliming-detoxified hydrolysate (7.0 g/L) . It suggested that NaOH-neutralized hydrolysate could be directly fermented by using C shehatae CICC 1766.

Key words: Rice straw, Candida shehatae, hemicellulose hydrolysate, ethanol fermentation.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of serum copper level during Giardia intestinalis infection

Eser Kilic¹, Recep Saraymen¹, Ozlem Miman² and Suleyman Yazar³*

¹Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.

²Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.

³Department of Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.

Accepted 15 April, 2015

Abstract

Alterations of serum copper concentrations are commonly found in patients suffering from gastrointestinal infections and with hepatic, renal, cardiovascular and malignant diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes of total content of the essential element of copper level in patients infected with Giardia intestinalis. Copper concentration was measured in 64 patients who were positive for intestinal parasite of G. intestinalis. Scores obtained for the positive samples, their age and sex, matched 60 G. intestinalis negative healthy controls. The mean concentration of copper in serum was significantly higher in G. intestinalis positive subjects than in their controls both in females (p < 0.05) and males (p < 0.05). No correlation could be demonstrated between age and mean value of copper in G. intestinalis positive in both females and males control (p > 0.05). Copper level was found to be clearly increased in the patients infected with G. intestinalis compared to controls. Although, our findings suggest altered element metabolism due to the pathophysiologic changes of G. intestinalis, a detailed biochemical and molecular studies on large sample size are needed to put forward a relationship between G. intestinalis (may be other parasitic diseases) and serum element level changes.

Key words: Giardia Intestinalis, copper, atomic absorption.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in high school girls in Bushehr city, South-west of Iran, 2009

Moradali Fouladvand*, Afshin Barazesh, Behrouz Naeimi, Keivan Zandi and Saeed Tajbakhsh

Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, The Persian Gulf Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 3631, Bushehr, Iran.

Accepted 6 May, 2016

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease prevalent all over the world and it’s causal agent is Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis is very important in pregnant women. Seroepidemiological survey of toxoplasmosis in young girls before marriage for identifying non immune girls could be used to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis. A seroepidemiological study of toxoplasma IgG-antibody in 516 high school girls was conducted. Sample cases were chosen randomly from public high school girls. Blood samples were collected and the obtained sera were examined for anti toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies by using ELISA method. Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in high school girls in Bushehr city was 22.1%. There was significant correlation between seropositivity of toxoplasma antibodies and factors such as, contact with cat, raw milk consumption, raw vegetables consumption and food consumption habits, but there was no significant correlation between seropositivity and availability of drinking water, keeping pet and information about toxoplasmosis. About 78% of high school girls in Bushehr city were seronegative in toxoplasma IgG antibody. It is recommended to the health managers to design the educational measures and develop the serological tests for identifying the non immune girls before marriage to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.

Key words: Elisa, toxoplasmosis, high school girls, seroprevalence.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Isolating fungal endophyte from Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis and identifying their antibacterial ability

Q. Xuan¹, F. K. Bao¹, H. M. Pan² and A. H. Liu³*

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, P.O. Box 650500 Kunming, China.

²Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, P. O. Box 650500 Kunming, China.

³Department of Biochemistry, Kunming Medical University, P. O. Box 650500 Kunming, China.

Accepted 25 February, 2015

Abstract

Eighteen fungal endophytes strains parasitizing the famous Chinese medicinal plant Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand. Mazz were isolated from surface-sterilized plant tissues, such as rhizome, root, stem, leaf and flower. The effect of endophytes on the growth of human pathogenic microbes was evaluated in vitro, using disc diffusion assay. According to the characteristics of cultures and DNA sequences, the WRF7 and WRF7’ belonged to the species Penicillium chrysogenum. The extract of WRF7’ inhibited a broad range of human -pathogenic bacteria, but that of WRF7 almost had no similar effect. And the metabolites of WRF7’ could not stop the growth of test fungus Candida albicans. The study indicates that P. chrysogenum becomes fungal endophyte of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis and its isolate WRF7’ makes metabolites that are inhibitory to all test bacteria in vitro. Therefore, the host plant suppressing pathogens owing to its endophytes and inhibitory mechanisms of endophytes to test bacteria and fungi are different.

Key words: Fungal endophyte, Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand. Mazz, isolating, identifying, antibacterial ability.