ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (9), pp. 001-004, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Extended spectrum beta lactamases among multi drug resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species causing urinary tract infections in Khartoum
Akram Hassan Mekki1, Abdullahi Nur Hassan2* and Dya Eldin M Elsayed3
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Omdurman Ahlia University, Sudan.
2Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Sudan.
3Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Sudan.
Accepted 05 July, 2018
Abstract
This is a descriptive laboratory based case study carried out in Khartoum state hospitals during the period of June, 2007 to April, 2008. The study aimed to evaluate emergence of ESBL among multi drug resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species causing nosocomial UTI. Hundred strains of multi drug resistant (MDR) E. coli and Klebsiella species causing nosocomial urinary tract infections (UTIs) from two main hospitals from Khartoum (Omdurman teaching hospital and Fedail Hospital) were included in this study. Susceptibility testing was performed against antibiotics commonly used in treatment of urinary tract infections. E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca (49, 38 and 13% respectively) were among the studied isolates. β-Lactamase was produced by all isolates; high resistance level for 3rd generation cephalosporin was noticed. ESBLs were detected in high prevalence among all multi drug resistant E. coli and Klebsiella species isolates 53%. All isolates were found sensitive to Imipenem and Meropenem. In this study it’s recommended that developing guidelines for the early phenotypic detection of ESBL in microbiology laboratories and seeking knowledge of antibiotic susceptibility pattern for empirical antibiotic therapy. Further studies about ESBL occurrence among UTIs are also recommended.
Key words: ESBL in Sudan, multi-drug resistant, MDR Escherichia coli, MDR Klebsiella spp, urinary tract infection, beta lactamase.
Abdullahi Nur Hassan* and Dya Eldin M Elsayed, Akram Hassan Mekki
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (9), pp. 001-011, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Factors influencing multi-drug resistant and plasmid DNA harbouring Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from Lake Manzala, Egypt
Mahmoud M. M. Zaky1*, Fathy A. Mansour2 and Kenneth M.Persson3
1Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Port-Said University, Egypt.
2Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt.
3Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, Sweden.
Accepted 13 July, 2018
Abstract
Lake Manzala is considered one of the most important coastal Lakes in Egypt. This study revealed the highly polluted condition of water and fish samples taken from three of the more important sites (Kapoty, Bashtier and Mataryia areas), representative to human activity and different ecosystems in the Lake water environment. Total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia and nitrates, of the samples taken showed figures exceeding the national and international standards. The samples from the study yielded high levels of bacterial content, which were found through plate counts and by using different growth media such as agar and endo agar. Total viable bacteria (TVB) reached more than 104 cfu/ml in water samples and 105 cfu/g in fish samples, particularly in Kapoty and Mataryia areas. Faecal coliform counts reached 102 cfu/ml in water samples and 103 cfu/g in fish samples. Statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between Aeromonas spp. counts and some minerals, such as chlorides, calcium and magnesium (r = 0.9, 0.8, and 0.6 respectively; p 0.001), which revealed the interactions and adaptability of such organisms to environmental factors. A total of 88 isolates from Aeromonas differential agar were identified using the API 20E system; 17% of these isolates were Aeromnas hydrophila, and most of these strains were resistant to three or more antibiotics including pencillinG, ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Isolation of plasmid DNA from these strains of A. hydrophila, showed that most harboured plasmids ranging from less than 2.2 - 4 KbP. Such findings could explain the adaptability and multi-drug resistance of such bacterial pathogens, which may have an impact on the course of infection and active causal agents of diarrhoeal diseases in this important coastal area of Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea.
Key words: Aeromonas hydrophila, multi-drug resistance, plasmid DNA, Lake Manzala.
Mahmoud M. M. Zaky*, Fathy A. Mansour and Kenneth M.Persson
Page: 1 - 11
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (9), pp. 001-010, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibiotics susceptibility of bacterial pathogens associated with otitis media
Ihsan E. Alsaimary1*, Ahmed M. Alabbasi2 and Jassim M. Najim1
1Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Republic of Iraq.
2Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Republic of Iraq.
Accepted 12 August, 2018
Abstract
One hundred twenty patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in Basrah, 65(54.2%) males and 55(45.8%) Females, with male: females ratio (1.2:1) and 60 individual without ontological problems as control group were included in this study, which was done during the period of March, 2009 to January, 2010. This Include collection of aural swab samples, culturing of samples, identification of causative agents species and antibiotic sensitivity. Gram's negative bacteria were the commonest microorganisms; it comprises (60%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was common causative agent (19.04%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%) and Klebsiella spp. (14.3%). Mixed infection was found in high percent (74%), in which P. aeruginosa and other microorganisms were more common. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed that P. aeruginosa was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin +clavulanic acid and gentamicin, while other is appeared resistant, S. aureus was sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, erthomycin, cephalexine and it is resistant to pencillin and ampicillin, klebsiella species were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin +clavulanic acid ,gentamicin,while resistant to tetracycline.
Key words: Antibiotics, bacteria, otitis media.
Ahmed M. Alabbasi and Jassim M. Najim, Ihsan E. Alsaimary*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (9), pp. 001-005, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Microbiology and semen indices of sexually- active males in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
S. O. Onemu1, A. O. Ogbimi2 and E. A. Ophori2*
1Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, P. M. B. 1111, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, P. M. B. 1154, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Accepted 9 April, 2018
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the microbiological quality and semen indices of seminal fluids of sexually active males in Benin City, Nigeria, and to determine the relationship between the presence of pathogenic micro -organisms and semen parameters. Semen was collected from 229 volunteer sexually-active men, aged 19 - 33 years (mean 24.73 ± 3.4) in Benin City, Nigeria. Volunteers were advised to abstain from sex for 3 days before semen collection and also from alcohol (including other factors that may affect semen quality). A ten-fold serial dilution of well mixed semen in physiological saline (NaCl 0.15 M) was inoculated onto blood agar, heated blood agar, MacConkey agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar slants and mycoplasmal agar enriched with 30% serum and supplemented with 100 µg/ml ceftazidine for the isolation of Mycoplasma species. All inoculated culture media were incubated at 37°C for 24 - 48 h. Isolates were characterized and identified by standard microbiological methods and antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out by the disc diffusion method. The determination of spermatozoa concentration, motility characteristics and other accompanying cells was carried out adopting standard procedures. Micro-organisms ( 3 × 106 cfu/ml) were isolated from 80/229 (34.9%) of participants’ semen. The isolates were Staphylococcus aureus 47/80 ( 58.8%). Escherichia coli 10/80 (12.5%) Klebsiella spp. 6/80 (7.5%), Candida albicans 5/80 (6.3%) and Mycoplasma species 12/80 (15.0%). Sensitivity to antimicrobial agents was highest among isolates to ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin. No activity was demonstrated with amoxicillin and tetracycline. Spermatozoa concentration was zero in 10.4% of the study population, 28.4% had concentrations below World Health Organization threshold for spontaneous male fertility. Semen with pathogenic micro-organisms had significantly lower (p < 0.001) spermatozoa concentrations and motility parameters. Therefore, the study suggests that the presence of pathogenic micro-organisms in semen is a marker of deterioration in semen parameters and development of male infertility.
Key words: Microbiology, pathogenic microorganisms, semen, sexually active males, antimicrobial, Nigeria.
A. O. Ogbimi and E. A. Ophori*, S. O. Onemu
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (9), pp. 001-004, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparison of in vitro activity of imipenem productions on bacterial isolates from Hashemi Nezhad Tehran hospitalized patients
Amirmorteza Ebrahimzadeh Namvar1, Babak Asghari1, Shoshtari Zadeh2 and Abdolaziz Rastegar Lari1,3*
1Antimicrobial Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Iran.
2Hashemi Nezhad Hospital of Tehran, Iran University of Medical Science, Iran.
3Medical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Iran.
Accepted 12 July, 2018
Abstract
Carbapenams are one of the ß-lactamase antibiotic resistances to penicillin that were introduced in 1980 to the medical world. Imipenem- a semi-synthetic derivative of thienamycin- is one of the most important broad spectrum ß-lactamase in carbapenems. The irregular usage of drugs, especially in these types of gram-negative bacteria will lead to a serious problem in the treatment of pathogenic bacteria. Comparison of in vitro activity of imipenem productions is the aim of this study. 135 strains of various gram positive and gram negative bacteria collected from Hashemi Nejad Hospital in Tehran were studied. Initially strains were identified by phenotypic methods; then Disk Diffusion and MIC methods based on instructions of Forum France Microbiology were used. From 135 samples, urine samples (36%) were the most and trachea (4%) was the lowest. Among gram-negative bacteria isolated, both E. coli and Pseudomonas (37%) had most common and Enterobacter (1%) was the lowest. By disk diffusion method, Supranem, Taynam and Mast pharmaceutical products, showed similar result, but the results related to internal company disks were different. 20% of the total bacteria studied had MIC over 8 mg (resistant). Due to results of this study using standard dicks and antibiotic powder (Imipenem/Cilastatin sodium) (Supranem) or (Tienam) is recommended.
Key words: ß-lactamase, antibiogram, imipenem.
Amirmorteza Ebrahimzadeh Namvar, Babak Asghari, Shoshtari Zadeh and Abdolaziz Rastegar Lari*
Page: 1 - 4
Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (9), pp. 001-013, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Global review of meningococcal disease. A shifting etiology
J. Leimkugel1, V. Racloz1*, L. Jacintho da Silva2 and G. Pluschke1
1Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, Basel, Switzerland.
2Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Sidney Street 45, Cambridge, U.S.A.
Accepted 23 March 2018
Abstract
Despite expansive studies over the past century, the epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) has remained elusive in some of its aspects. The following review attempts to summarize the past and current trends in the etiology of IMD. Data was collected through the analysis of peer-reviewed studies and surveillance data on national, sub-national and regional levels performed using various search engines such as pubmed (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), regional WHO homepages (www.who. int) and department of health websites. Despite the establishment of improved surveillance, the reasons for the differences in IMD epidemiology between endemic and epidemic settings are not fully under-stood. Factors influence the timing and distribution of epidemics including climatic, socio-economic and cultural factors involving changes in human lifestyle, natural growth of the human population, crowding and increased mobility. These have also strongly affected the global population structure of Neisseria meningitides and are still currently responsible for changing patterns in IMD epidemiology. In recent years, much interest has arisen on the subject due to both the development of conjugate vaccines and to the continuing occurrence of outbreaks, many of them in industrialized countries. With antimicrobial resistance on the rise, effective and affordable vaccines along with continued surveillance are needed to help combat this complex disease.
Key words: Meningococcal meningitis, epidemiology, vaccines, antimicrobial resistance, surveillance.
J. Leimkugel, L. Jacintho da Silva and G. Pluschke, V. Racloz*
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