ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Management of ufra disease of rice caused by Ditylenchus angustus with nematicides and resistance
M. A. Latif1, 4*, M. W. Ullah2, M. Y. Rafii1 and M. I. Tajul3
1Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D. E., Malaysia.
2Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.
3Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D. E., Malaysia.
4Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
The effects of nematicide application timing and type on the management of ufra disease of rice caused by Ditylenchus angustus were investigated in the rain-fed and irrigated rice ecosystems. A broad range of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes were also screened for resistance to D. angustus. Ufra infestation was significantly reduced when 1 kg ai/ha furadan 5G was applied up to 20 d before transplanting of infested seedlings in the field. Three granular nematicides, sunfuran 5G, edfuran 5G and forwafuran 5G, all applied at 1 kg ai/ha were evaluated against ufra in comparison with 1 kg ai/ha furadan 5G and a non-treated control. In both the ecosystems, all the 3 nematicides significantly reduced the number of damaged-tillers and total ufra infestation compared to the non-treated control. Similarly, sunfuran 5G, edfuran 5G, and forwafuran 5G treated plots had 45.3 to 52.7% healthy panicles with 3.89 to 4.02 t/ha yield in rain-fed rice and 47.6 to 53.0% healthy panicles with 3.85 to 3.97 t/ha yield in rain-fed and irrigated rice, respectively. These yields were similar to furadan-treated rice in 2 ecosystems. Yield losses due to ufra disease were 49.1 and 42.4% in the rain-fed and irrigated rice, respectively. Soil application of the nematicides, forwafuran, edfuran and sunfuran was cost-effective especially in fields of endemic areas. A total of 53 rice entries were tested, only 4 entries, fukuhonami, hyakikari, akiyu taka and matsuhonami showed highly resistance reactions to D. angustus.
Key words: Cost-effective, Ditylenchus angustus, management, nematicides, rice ufra disease, resistance reaction.
M. W. Ullah, M. A. Latif*, M. Y. Rafii and M. I. Tajul
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Seroprevalence of caprine brucellosis and associated risk factors in South Omo Zone of Southern Ethiopia
Tigist Ashagrie, Yosefe Deneke and Tadele Tolosa*
School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine of Jimma University, P. O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
A cross - sectional study was conducted in Hammer and Dasenech Districts of South Omo Zone to determine seroprevalence of caprine brucellosis and its potential risk factors. Simple random sampling method was used to select 384 adult goats with no previous history of vaccination against brucellosis in the two districts. Modified Rose Bengal Plate Test (mRBPT) and complement fixation test (CFT) were used as screening and confirmatory tests, respectively. The results revealed that 16 goats (4.2%) were found seropositive for caprine brucellosis by mRBPT test and CFT. Seroprevalence of caprine brucellosis was not significantly affected by sex, age and flock size while it was significantly associated with abortion rate and parity number. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that brucellosis is prevalent at a low rate in South Omo Zone and appropriate control measures should be employed to prevent the spread of the infection to other animals.
Key words: Caprine brucellosis, seroprevalence, South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia.
Yosefe Deneke and Tadele Tolosa*, Tigist Ashagrie
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Investigation of lactobacilli from mother’s breast milk who were placed on probiotic diet
Leila Roozbeh Nasiraii1*, Farideh Tabatabaie2, Behzad Alaeddini1, Reihaneh Noorbakhsh3,5, Reza Majidzadeh Heravi4 and Shahnas Afsharian5
1Department of Food Science, Nour Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nour, Iran.
2Department of Food Science and Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
3General Office Institute of Standard and Research Development, Mashhad, Iran.
4Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran.
5EnWave Company, Vancouver, Canada.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Human milk contains a group of bacteria with potential to be used as probiotics but the origin of these bacteria is debated. This study was aimed to identify and isolate lactobacilli in breast milk and investigate the role of consuming probiotic supplements on the lactobacilli microflora of breast milk. Ten out of twenty mothers were placed on the probiotic diet and the others were considered as controls. The breast milks of these mothers were cultured on MRS. The whole genome of 16s ribosomal DNA of different colonies was amplified using polymerase chain reaction for identification down to the strain level. Finally Lactobacillus rhamnosus LC705 was isolated just from four mothers who were placed on probiotic diet. Since this strain was dominant bacteria in capsules which used as a source of probiotic diets, it may imply that modulation of the mother’s intestinal microflora can have an effect on the health of infants and therefore, would open new perspectives for using breast milk as a source of probiotic bacteria with bacteriotherapy approach.
Key words: Probiotic capsules, lactobacilli, breast milk, polymerase chain reaction.
Behzad Alaeddini, Farideh Tabatabaie, Reza Majidzadeh Heravi and Shahnas Afsharian, Reihaneh Noorbakhsh, Leila Roozbeh Nasiraii*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-010, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of the currently used polymerase chain reaction assays for molecular detection of Brucella species
Moussa I. M.1, Omnia M. E.2, Amin A. S.2, Ashgan, M. H.3 and Selim S. A.4
1Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
2Biotechnology Research Unit, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Egypt.
3College of Applied Studies and Community Service, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
4Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
Accepted 18 January, 2019
Abstract
The diagnosis of brucellosis is the corner stone in any control and eradication program. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to apply more advanced techniques for rapid and accurate diagnosis of brucellosis that can overcome the draw backs of the traditional diagnostic techniques. Different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were applied in the present study, either singly or in a multiplex format, that enable to detect and differentiate most of Brucella species. The PCR assay detection limit was evaluated in a preliminary study. The obtained results recommend the PCR assay as a valuable, rapid, very specific, highly sensitive and safe laboratory diagnostic test that can be used not only for detection of Brucella antigen either in culture or in clinical samples but also in differentiating most of the virulent and vaccinal strains.
Key words: Brucella species, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, diagnosis, vaccinal strains, Brucella antigen.
Moussa I. M, Omnia M. E, Ashgan , Amin A. S, M. H and Selim S. A
Page: 1 - 10
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Antibiotic resistance of some lactobacilli isolated from the gut microflora of broiler
Behira Belkacem* and Kihal Mebrouk
Faculté des sciences, Laboratoire de microbiologie appliqué, Université d’Oran, Algérie.
Accepted 02 February, 2019
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of the antibiotic use in poultry and the development of the resistance in the gut microflora of broiler. Microbiological methods were used to investigate the susceptibility of ten lactobacilli stains isolated from digestive tract of broiler. The isolates were tested against the ten most used antibiotics in veterinary and human medicine in Algeria. The isolates exhibited high resistance to all antibiotics tested in the range 70 to 100%. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC’s) also were evaluated for each isolates. Lactobacilli of broiler’s microflora are a reservoir of resistance genes able to dispread the antibioresistance phenomenon through the food chain and the environment. Further studies need to be performed to understand the mechanisms and the causes responsible for this phenomenon. This study shows the need to find alternatives and emergency measures to avoid repercussions on public health.
Key words: Lactobacilli, antibiotics, resistance, broiler, microflora.
Kihal Mebrouk, Behira Belkacem*
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular detection of Vibrio spp. in lobster hemolymph
Mehdi Raissy1*, Hassan Momtaz2, Manouchehr Moumeni3, Mahsa Ansari4 and Ebrahim Rahimi1
1Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
3Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
4Fish Research Center, Central Laboratory, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
The occurrence of various Vibrio species in lobster hemolymph from the Persian Gulf was studied. A total number of 60 lobsters (Panulirus homarus) were caught from south coast of Iran and were studied to identify Vibrio spp. in hemolymph. Four Vibrio species including Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio mimicus were identified using biochemical and molecular methods. Six lobsters (10%) contained one or more Vibrio spp. as 4 samples contained V. alginolyticus, one contained V. vulnificus and one species contained both V. harveyi and V. mimicus and none of samples contained V. parahemolyticus and V. cholera.
Key word: Persian Gulf, vibriosis, Panulirus homarus.
Mahsa Ansari and Ebrahim Rahimi, Manouchehr Moumeni, Hassan Momtaz, Mehdi Raissy*
Page: 1 - 4