ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Standardized alcoholic extract of Phyllanthus fraternus exerts potential action against disturbed biochemical parameters in diabetic animals
Munish Garg1*, Chanchal Garg2, V. J. Dhar3 and A. N. Kalia3
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India.
2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India.
3Department of Pharmacognosy, I. S. F. College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India.
Accepted 14 June, 2018
Abstract
Alcoholic extract of Phyllanthus fraternus Webster whole plant (PFAE) prepared by successive solvent treatment was administered at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight once in a day for 21 days to the alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. Certain biochemical parameters that is lipid profile (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, triacylglycerols), kidney functions (urea, creatinine) and liver functions (alkaline phosphate, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase) were evaluated and compared with normal and standard drug tolbutamide (200 mg/kg body weight) administered group. As a result, drug treatment has significantly improved the disturbed biochemical parameters at variable degrees when compared with standard drug. The phytochemical studies conducted for standardization of the extract showed the presence of tannins and flavonoids as major phytoconstituents. The total phenolics content was found to be 37.51 mg/g of drug extract. Quantitative estimation carried out on two major flavonoids by HPTLC confirmed a concentration of 1.706% w/w rutin and 5.614% w/w of quercetin present in the alcoholic extract. In conclusion, owing to the positive potential activity against disturbed biochemical parameters associated with diabetes, P. fraternus can be used effectively in the management of this deadly disease.
Key words: Phyllanthus fraternus, renal functions, liver functions tests, lipid profile, total phenolics.
Munish Garg*, V. J. Dhar and A. N. Kalia, Chanchal Garg
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-007, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Phytochemical screening and histopathological effects of single acute dose administration of ARTEMISIA ANNUA L. on testes and ovaries of Wistar rats
P. O. Ajah1* and M. U. Eteng2
1Institute of Oceanography, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross Rivers, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross Rivers, Nigeria.
Accepted 08 April, 2018
Abstract
ARTEMISIA ANNUA L. is a medicinal plant whose derivatives are used in the treatment of malaria. Phytochemical screening and histopathological effects of single acute intraperitoneal dose of the alcoholic extract of A. ANNUA, were investigated in Wistar rats in this study. Thirty five adult albino Wistar rats (109 - 307 g) of both sexes used for the study were randomly assigned on the basis of weight and litter origin into seven study groups of five rats per group. The control (group A) was administered placebo (2 ml of pure olive oil) while test groups B to G received single graded doses of 0.18, 0.35, 0.52, 0.70, 0.86 and 1.05 g/kg body weight of extract in olive oil vehicle, respectively. Twenty four hours after the single acute dose administration, animals were sacrificed and testes and ovary tissues obtained for histological evaluation using standard methods. Results of phytochemistry of the alcoholic extract assessed by standard methods identified the presence of alkaloids, glycosides (presence of these in A. ANNUA is questionable), flavonoids, reducing compounds and polyphenols present in different concentrations. Histopathological changes showed adverse lesions on the ovary ranging from atretic-degenerating corpus luteum, with loss of connective substance, arrest of ovarian follicle maturation to complete absence of ovarian follicle. No adverse histopathological changes were observed in the testes. The result suggests arrest of ovulation and a predisposition to infertility (add in the female animals). The possible roles of phytoestrogenic constituents in the favonoid fraction of the phytochemicals are discussed.
Key words: Artemisia annua, phytochemistry, histopathology, testes and ovaries.
M. U. Eteng, P. O. Ajah*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-004, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of nutritional and antinutritional characteristics of Obeche (Triplochition scleroxylon scleroxylon) and several Mulberry (Morus alba) leaves
S. A. Adeduntan1 and A. S. Oyerinde2*
1Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.
2Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.
Accepted 16 May, 2018
Abstract
The biochemical composition of some selected varieties of White Mulberry and Obeche leaves were investigated to ascertain their nutritional and antinutritional values. Three varieties of white Mulberry leaves (S36, S54 and K2) were harvested from Ondo State sericulture centre while Obeche leaves were harvested from Aponmu Forest Reserve located in Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria, for analysis. Proximate chemical composition, minerals and anti-nutritional contents were determined on dry matter basis for the samples. The percentage of crude protein in all the samples was significantly higher (P 0.05) with 34.31, 21.66, 21.585 and 21.24% in Obeche, S36, S54 and K2, respectively. Similarly, crude fibre follow the same trend with 20.753, 13.70, 10.81, 10.81, 13.70 and 8.74%, respectively, while the percentage water content were 73.70, 71.35, 72.16 and 76.00%, in Obeche , S36, S54 and K2, respectively. The results further show that the samples contain zinc in the range of 34.4 - 57.5, sodium 1069 – 1526, manganese, 14.83 – 24.37, calcium 944 – 1467, potassium 1684 – 2170, iron, 129.70 – 238.00 and magnesium, 1450 – 2196 (mg/kg). The mineral composition was generally comparable with what is obtained with other leafy vegetables. Phytate was significantly higher (P 0.05) in Obeche. Likewise, cyanide and tannin were significantly higher (P 0.05) in S36 than other treatments (Obeche, K 2 and S34). However, these antinutrients (phytate, cyanide and tannin) are much lower than the pemitted values in fruits and any other food items. The result of the chemical analysis showed that all the selected Mulberry varieties and Obeche leaves contained adequate level of food nutrients required for normal body functioning.
Key words: Mulberry leaves, nutritional characteristics, Obeche leaves, proximate composition.
S. A. Adeduntan, A. S. Oyerinde*
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-006, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Metabolic engineering of an ethanol-tolerant Escherichia coli MG1655 for enhanced ethanol production from xylose and glucose
Ruiqiang Ma1,2, Ying Zhang2,3, Haozhou Hong2, Wei Lu2, Wei Zhang2 Min Lin2 and Ming Chen2*
1College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
2Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China.
3Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Henan 450009, China.
Accepted 30 July, 2018
Abstract
Efficient ethanol production will require a recombinant to able to ferment a variety of sugars (pentoses, and hexoses), less formation of by- products, as well as to tolerate high ethanol stress. In this study, a mutant (MGE) that can grow in 60 g ethanol/l was selected from Escherichia coli MG1655 by enrichment method with increasing concentrations of ethanol. The ethanol-tolerant mutant was used as the host to develop the ethanologenic recombinant by knockout of pyruvate formate lyase (pflB) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA) genes, and expression of Zymomonas mobilis alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase genes in plasmid pZY507bc. The resultant recombinant (GMEPLbc) showed the genetic stability of Z. mobilis genes in glucose medium without antibiotics under anaerobic conditions, and generated little acetic acid (3.6 mM), no formic acid and lactic acid. The ethanol production by GMEPLbc were 41.6 and 35.8 g ethanol/l from 100 g/L glucose and 100 g/L xylose during fermentation in M9 mineral medium, 37.0 and 36.5% more than that of the ethanol-sensitive strain carrying pZY507bc alone, respectively. Our results indicated that enhancement of ethanol tolerance and inactivation of pflB and ldhA are advantageous in the production of ethanol.
Key words: Escherichia coli, ethanol production, ethanol-tolerance, Gene knockout, metabolic engineering.
Wei Zhang Min Lin and Ming Chen*, Haozhou Hong, Ying Zhang, Wei Lu, Ruiqiang Ma
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-004, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Corncob is the optimum carbon resource for the growth of Tremella aurantialba
Zhi-Cai Zhang*, Mingxia Chen, Xin Li and Wangli Shen
School of Food Science and Bio-Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
Accepted 26 July, 2018
Abstract
The minimum medium without carbon source was used to investigate the effects of five kinds of hexoses, four kinds of pentose, four kinds of bi-saccharide and three kinds of polysaccharides on Tremella aurantialba growth. The result demonstrated that (1) The fittest carbon source of T. aurantialba was the five-carbon aldose in all the tested monosaccharides; (2) Polysaccharides linked with -1,4-glycosyl bond is fitter for the growth of T. aurantialba than that linked with -1,4-glycosyl bond (3) Corncob, which contained abundant poly-xyloses linked with -1,4-glycosyl bond, is the fittest for growth of T. aurantialba. The reaction system of -1,4-glycosidase was employed to study the reason that the polysaccharides linked in -1,4-glycosyl bond is fitter for growth of T. aurantialba. The result showed that T. aurantialba broth can inhibit the activity of -1,4-glycosidase produced by T. aurantialba.
Key words: Tremella aurantialba, glycosyl bond, carbon source, aldose, ketose.
Mingxia Chen, Zhi-Cai Zhang*, Xin Li and Wangli Shen
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-006, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Expression of chitosanase gene from Aspergillus fumigatus JXSD-97 in Pichia pastoris
Yang Li, Yang Ping and Wang Manying*
School of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, 437 Beijing Road, Nanchang 330027, PR China.
Accepted 20 August, 2018
Abstract
In this study, the plasmid pPIC9K-CSN was transformed into Pichia pastoris strain GS115 by electroporation and the high expression transformants with G418 resistance were obtained. The expression conditions for CSN in P. pastoris, such as the expression time, pH value and methanol concentration in the BMMY were optimized. The maximum activity of CSN is about 100 mg/L under optimized condition (96 h of 0.5% methanol induction). The Chitosanase exhibited a molecular mass of approximately 25 kDa on 12% SDS–PAGE. The results showed that the coding sequence of CSN was successfully obtained and inserted into P. pastoris GS115 vector. This study would provide a new opportunity for large-scale expression and purification of CSN, which might facilitate studies on the biological activity of CSN.
Key words: Chitosanase, Pichia pastoris, expression.
Yang Ping and Wang Manying*, Yang Li
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