ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Use of RT-PCR in diagnosis of infectious hematopoietic necrosis in rainbow trout hatcheries, Iran
Mehdi Raissy1,2*, Hasan Momtaz1, Mahsa Ansari2 and Manouchehr Moumeni3
1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University-Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
2Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University-Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
3Fishery Research Center, Islamic Azad University-Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
Accepted 7 April, 2017
Abstract
Distribution of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN) was studied in rainbow trout fish farms in Chaharmahal and Bakhtyari Province which is a major trout culture region in Iran. Overall 150 suspected rainbow trout fry with less than 3 g body weight from 30 fish farms in Chaharmahal and Bakhtyari Province, Iran, were studied and fishes of 10 hatcheries (33.3% of all studied farms) found to be infected with IHNV. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to the detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). The product of 371 bp was amplified from the RNA extracts of infected organs of suspected fish. DNA sequencing of the PCR products demonstrated specificity of the amplification. The RT-PCR was found to be a simple, highly specific and sensitive method allowing diagnosis of IHN in a short time.
Key words: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), IHN, rainbow trout.
Mehdi Raissy*, Hasan Momtaz1, Mahsa Ansari and Manouchehr Moumeni
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Distribution of wild poliovirus genotypes in India
George Dahourou1,3*, Benjamin Samuel2,4 and Radu Crainic1
1Epidémiologie Moléculaire des Entérovirus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
2Department of Virology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore Tamil Nadu, India.
3Laboratoire de virologie, Centre Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
4Infectious Diseases Section, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Accepted 2 March, 2017
Abstract
In order to study the genetic relationships and epidemiological links between strains circulating in the Vellore region of India, 70 wild type poliovirus strains isolated from paralytic poliomyelitis cases were sequenced at the VP1-2A junction region of the viral genome. This showed that three genotypes of types 1 and 2 and four genotypes of type 3 poliovirus were circulating in India at least since 1985. Different clusters were identified within wild genotypes. This study demonstrates the endemic circulation and wide genetic variation of all three serotypes in Southern India. Knowledge of wild poliovirus distribution before NIDs beginning could be helpful for a critical monitoring of poliomyelitis control and further evaluation of the NIDs impact on wild poliovirus transmission in India.
Key words: Poliovirus, poliomyelitis, genotype, molecular epidemiology, eradication, surveillance.
Benjamin Samuel and Radu Crainic, George Dahourou*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full length Research Paper
Infection pathways of soft rot pathogens on Amorphophallus konjac
Jinping Wu1,2, Ying Diao1, Yucheng Gu2 and Zhongli Hu1*
1Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Plant Developmental Biology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
2Industrial Crops Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
Accepted 20 May, 2017
Abstract
With the rapid expansion of cultivated land, bacterial soft rot of konjac is more and more serious. The main pathogen is Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. Some researchers think the natural openings and wounds are the main infection pathways on konjac. In this study, the infection pathways are investigated. From macro-observation, the soft-rot pathogens could not directly invade the intact corms, but it could invade the infected corms through the new rots. At the same time, bud scales, roots and wounded corms could be directly infected. From micro-observation, the epidermis of the corm had no stomas and lenticels, the stomas of the bud scales had no pathogens gathered around, and the pathogens broke down the infected roots and bud scales cells layer by layer. The results showed that soft rot pathogens invaded Amorphophallus konjac through the wounds and the growth of the organizations rather than the natural openings.
Key words: Amorphophallus konjac, bacterial soft rot, infection pathways.
Yucheng Gu and Zhongli Hu*, Ying Diao, Jinping Wu
Page: 1 - 10
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Frequency and anti-biogram pattern of coagulase negative Staphylococcus in clinical specimens of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in patients, Bandar-Abbas, Iran
Sedigheh Javadpour1,3*, Ehsan Karimi1 and Afsaneh Karmostaji2
1Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease Research Center of Bandar Abbas, Iran.
2Premedical Faculty of Bandar_Abbas, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
3Department of Microbiology, Bandar_Abbas Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Nasser Ave, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Acceptance 7 June, 2017
Abstract
Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS), commonly known as a part of normal-biota of human body, have become predominant pathogens over the last decades. Due to the vast use of antibiotics for therapy or prophylaxis, those CoNS strains acquired in the hospitals have become resistant to various antimicrobial agents. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from December 2007 to June 2008 on 5063 clinical samples. Identification of CoNS was performed by routine microbiological methods using gram staining, catalase and coagulase tests. Susceptibility of microorganisms to 14 antibiotics was determined by Disc Diffusion Method. Among 1573 positive cultures, 17.5% of isolates were CoNS. About 74% of isolates belonged to out patients and 26% of them were obtained from hospitalized patients. Most of CONs were isolated from internal (38.9%) and internal emergency wards (34.7%). Among different clinical samples, CoNS were mainly isolated from urine cultures (78.6%) in women. Vancomycin (100%) and Imipenem (94%) were found to be the most effective antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and aminoglycosides were effective antibiotics to combat CoNS in out patient department (OPD patients).
Key words: Coagulase negative staphylococci, inpatients, antibiogram pattern.
Sedigheh Javadpour*, Ehsan Karimi and Afsaneh Karmostaji
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation, identification and characterization of multiple enzyme producing actinobacteria from sediment samples of Kodiyakarai coast, the Bay of Bengal
P. Manivasagan*, S. Gnanam, K. Sivakumar, T. Thangaradjou, S. Vijayalakshmi and T. Balasubramanian
CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, India.
Accepted 25 February, 2017
Abstract
A total of twenty nine strains were isolated from the Kodiyakarai coastal sediments (Bay of Bengal) and ten of them exhibited multiple enzyme activity. Of these, the best (GK-22) was selected based on zone formation (amylase, cellulase and protease) and its growth conditions were standardized for better production of multiple enzymes. Present study on production of multiple enzymes (amylase, cellulase and protease) by GK-22 showed higher enzyme levels at the end of the stationary phase after incubation for 72 h at pH 7.0. Maximum activity of amylase, cellulase and protease (84, 88 and 89 IU/ml, respectively) was obtained at pH 7.0, temperature 45°C, sodium chloride concentration 2%, carbon compound sucrose, nitrogen compound beef extract, amino acid L-asparagine for amylase and cellulase and L-tyrosine for protease. The multiple enzymes were purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate and ion exchange chromatography and the SDS-PAGE showed a single band for the purified enzyme, with an apparent molecular weight of 80 (amylase), 66 (cellulase) and 97 KDa (protease). The strain, GK-22 which showed higher multiple enzyme activity was tentatively identified as Streptomyces alboniger. These findings suggest that the strain can effectively be used in large scale production of multiple enzymes for commercial purposes, after testing and ascertaining the strain’s capability in large scale fermentations.
Key words: Amylase, cellulase, protease, actinobacteria, Kodiyakarai, Streptomycetes alboniger.
P. Manivasagan*, S. Vijayalakshmi and T. Balasubramanian, T. Thangaradjou, K. Sivakumar, S. Gnanam
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparison of the effect of particulate materials and some osmoregulators on lactic fermentation of new local white cassava variety “Bianbasse” using both spontaneous and starter cultures
L. A. Adetunde1* and A. A. Onilude2
1Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University for Development Studies, Navrongo Campus, Navrongo, UER, Ghana.
2Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Accepted 22 June, 2016
Abstract
The effects of particulate materials and osmoregulatators on lactic fermentation of cassava were determined on total dissolved loads of all the samples; the total reducing sugars of all samples, the microbial loads in all the samples, the percentage crude protein contents, crude fibres, crude fat/ether, ash, phytic acid and tannin. Sample A1 inoculated with varied concentrations of particulate materials had the highest total dissolved solid, total reducing sugar, lactic acid bacteria counts and total bacteria counts than sample B1 with varied concentrations of osmoregulator. There was corresponding increase in sample A2 and A3 compared to sample B2 and B3. Sample C which served as control had the lowest value in all at 24, 48 and 72 h of fermentation. Most of the samples that contained varied concentration particulate materials had higher values in their proximate analysis and nutritional analysis than samples that contained varied concentrations of osmoregulators. Sample C with neither particulate materials nor osmoregulator had the least values in all analysis.
Key words: Particulate materials, osmoregulatators, lactic fermentation, samples.
A. A. Onilude, L. A. Adetunde*
Page: 1 - 10