ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bacteriological quality of some Nigerian currencies in circulation
S. Awe1*, K. I .T. Eniola1, F. T. Ojo1 and A. Sani2
1Environmental and Public Health Research (EPHR) Laboratory, Mosunmola House, Temidire Area, Tanke Oke-Odo, P. O. Box 4247, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
2Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Accepted 12 January, 2018
Abstract
The bacteriological quality of some Nigerian currencies in circulation was investigated in terms of total bacterial count and kinds of bacterial species present. The notes had high bacterial counts: ranging from 1.5×104 to 4.2×104 cfu/cm2; there was no significant difference in the bacterial counts. Eight bacterial species were isolated: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus faecalis, Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella sp. Salmonella sp. was the least prevalent of the bacterial isolates (2%) while S. aureus was the most prevalent (28%). Antibiotic susceptibility pattern suggests that some of the isolates (S. aureus and P. mirabilis) had potentials for multiple antibiotic resistances. The health implications of the organisms encountered are discussed and suggestions are provided to enable safe handling of the notes.
Key words: Currencies, naira notes, antibiotic resistance.
S. Awe*, K. I .T. Eniola, F. T. Ojo and A. Sani
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Studies on the culturable marine actinomycetes isolated from the Nahoon beach in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
Isoken H. Ogunmwonyi1, Ntsikelelo Mazomba1, Leonard Mabinya1, Elvis Ngwenya1, Ezekiel Green1, David A. Akinpelu2, Ademola O. Olaniran3, Kim Bernard4 and Anthony I. Okoh1*
1Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
2Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
3Division of Microbiology, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban Westville, South Africa. 4South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), Elwandle Node, Grahamstown, South Africa.
Accepted 15 January, 2018
Abstract
A total of 84 culturable marine actinomycetes belonging to 15 generic morphotypes were isolated from water and rock scrapings from the Nahoon beach, a coastal shore of Indian Ocean in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The colonies showed diverse morphological characteristics and their occurrence and distribution varied with sample type. The rock scrappings yielded more actinomycetes morphotypes than the water samples. Streptomyces was most prevalent in both samples. Actinoplane, Actinosynnema, Norcadia, Norcardiopsis, Streptosporagium and Intrasporagium were present in rock scrapings but absent in water samples. Kibdellosporium was present in water sample and absent in rock scrapings. The Streptomyces isolates were selected and preliminarily screened for antimicrobial activity. The bioactive compounds of 10 most potent Streptomyces isolate was extracted twice with equal volume of ethyl acetate (1:1 v/v). The ethyl acetate extracts of the putative Streptomyces isolates showed activities against at least 6 and up to 26 of the 32 test bacteria screened. Inhibition zones were found to range between 9 and 32 mm diameters at a concentration of 10 mg/ml. The partial characterization of the crude extracts by IR spectra analysis revealed the possible presence of terpenoid, long chain fatty acids and secondary amine derivatives compounds in the extracts. We conclude that the Nahoon beach promises to be a veritable resource for diverse marine actinomycetes of potentials for bioactive compounds production and novel drug discovery.
Key words: Morphotypes, occurrence, rock scrapings, IR spectral, bioactive compound.
Ademola O. Olaniran, Kim Bernard and Anthony I. Okoh*, Ezekiel Green, David A. Akinpelu, Elvis Ngwenya, Isoken H. Ogunmwonyi, Ntsikelelo Mazomba, Leonard Mabinya
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular detection of invA and spv virulence genes in Salmonella enteritidis isolated from human and animals in Iran
Kumarss Amini1, Taghi Zahraei Salehi1*, Gholamreza Nikbakht2, Reza Ranjbar3, Javid Amini4 and Shahrnaz Banou Ashrafganjooei5
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Kerman, Iran.
5Department of Microbiology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.
Accepted 23 January, 2018
Abstract
It is important to study the genotypic diversity of Salmonella plasmid genes which are responsible for its virulence. In the present study multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) assay was carried out for detection of Salmonella enteritidis and presence of invA and spv genes. In the first stage of the study, 1001 poultry samples were collected from a slaughterhouse in Kerman province (southern Iran). Biochemical and serological tests were then performed for identification of Salmonella serovars and 6.79% (68/1001) were positive for Salmonella. Multiplex PCR with three set primers was then applied to confirm serovar enteritidis 51.4% (35/68). Simple-PCR was then applied to detect spvA (Salmonella plasmid virulence), and spvB genes. Finally, multiplex PCR assay was carried out to simultaneously detect and identify invA and spvC genes. The presence of spvA, spvB and spvC in S. enteritidis was 88.6% for each gene. In the second stage of the study, thirty-three bovine (n = 13) and human (n = 20) S. enteritidis strains were isolated from the culture collection in the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran. The analyses of the samples revealed that spvA, spvB, and spvC genes were present in 90% of S. enteritidis from human sources as compared to 100% in bovine sources. The study represents the first report in Iran about the genotypic diversity of spvA, spvB and spvC genes of S. enteritidis.
Key words: Salmonella enteritidis, multiplex PCR, virulence genes.
Gholamreza Nikbakht, Reza Ranjbar, Taghi Zahraei Salehi*, Kumarss Amini, Javid Amini and Shahrnaz Banou Ashrafganjooei
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Growth inhibition (in vitro) of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from cassava (Manihot esculenta) using Trichoderma longibrachiatum
A. A. Sobowale1*, O. A. Odeyingbo3, H. O. Egberongbe2, R. T. Feyisola1, O. A. Ayinde4 and A. Adesemowo2
1Department of Plant Science and Applied Zoology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P. M. B. 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
2Department of Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P. M. B. 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
3Brandenburg Tech. University, Cottbus, Germany.
4Pathology Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, C/o L.W. Lambourn (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom.
Accepted 16 January, 2018
Abstract
The growth inhibition of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from cassava was studied in-vitro using Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Both fungi were cultured together on the same Petri plate using three different pairing methods. Inoculation of each fungus on separate Petri plates served as controls. For each pairing method, experiments were conducted in five replicates. Radial growth (cm) of both C. gloeosporioides and T. longibrachiatum in all Petri plates were measured daily for 7 days. In all the three pairing methods, T. longibrachiatum significantly inhibited the growth of C. gloeosporioides (P > 0.0001). Growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides by T. longibrachiatum was better in ‘inoculating antagonist before pathogen’ than in the other two pairing methods (P = 0.05). C. gloeosporioides had significant addition of radial mycelia only between days 1 and 2, as well as days 2 and 3 after pairing (DAP) before contact was made with T. longibrachiatum. Addition of mycelia mass of C. gloeosporioides slowed down significantly by the day upon contact with T. longibrachiatum (P = 0.05, R2 = 0.86). F value for day after pairing (DAP) was also highly significant (P > 0.0001). T. longibrachiatum could thus be said to possess probable antagonistic tendency against C. gloeosporioides.
Key words: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Manihot esculenta, day after pairing, growth inhibition.
R. T. Feyisola, O. A. Ayinde and A. Adesemowo, O. A. Odeyingbo, A. A. Sobowale*, H. O. Egberongbe
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Identification and characterization of tenuazonic acid as the causative agent of Alternaria alternata toxicity towards groundnut
P. Suvarnalatha Devi1, M. N. Reddy1, M. Nagalakshmi Devamma2, P. Jayalakshmi1, G. Revathi1 and G. Narasimha3*
1Department. of Applied Microbiology, S.P.Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India.
2Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India.
3Applied Microbiology Laboratory Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India.
Accepted 18 January, 2018
Abstract
Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, the causal agent of Alternariosis of groundnut seeds ( Arachis hypogaea L.) was toxigenic when cultured on various laboratory media. The cell free extract or culture filtrate induced severe chlorosis and necrosis on leaves, inhibition of root and shoot growth of germinating seeds and wilting of seedlings. A phytotoxin was isolated both from cell free extract/culture filtrate and infected tissues, purified and identified as tenuazonic acid, by using thin layer chromatography, ultra violet and infra red spectral analysis. Toxicity was monitored with standard bioassay techniques. The results show patho-physiological significance of tenuazonic acid in disease syndrome.
Key words: Alternaria alternata, groundnut, alternariosis, tenuazonic acid.
G. Revathi and G. Narasimha, M. Nagalakshmi Devamma, M. N. Reddy, P. Jayalakshmi, P. Suvarnalatha Devi
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A survey of cellulolytic mesophilic fungi in the soil environment of Keffi Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
M. D. Makut* and E. M. Godiya
Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.
Accepted 05 January, 2018
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to determine the species of cellulolytic fungi present in the soil environment of Keffi metropolis. Keffi town is the Headquaters of Keffi Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Soil samples of 200 g each were collected at random from 10 different locations at dump sites of Keffi town. Malt extract agar and potato dextrose agar were used for the isolation of mesophilic filamentous fungi at incubation temperature of 25°C. All the isolates were again inoculated on chemically defined cellulose agar medium to determine their cellulases producing abilities. The results revealed that the cellulolytic mesophilic fungi were present in the soil environment of Keffi metropolis and they included Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Tricoderma viride, Penicillium sp. and Fusarium solani. The fungal isolates could be harnessed as inocula for use in solid waste management involved in the biodegradation of cellulose-containing materials. The results further demonstrate that the isolates could also be harnessed for the industrial production of cellulases.
Key words: Cellulases, mesophilic fungi, soil environment, Keffi, Nigeria.
M. D. Makut*, E. M. Godiya
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