ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-012, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Production of glycolipids with antimicrobial activity by Ustilago maydis FBD12 in submerged culture
Cortes-Sánchez Alejandro, Hernández-Sánchez Humberto and Jaramillo-Flores María*
Graduados e Investigación en Alimentos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, CP 11340, México, DF, México.
Accepted 15 February, 2019
Abstract
Ustilago maydis FBD12 is a phytopathogenic fungus that grows in submerged environments and produces different metabolites, such as glycolipids (biosurfanctants), cyclic peptides, tryptophan derivatives, and enzymes. Biosurfactants are molecules with a high surface activity, as well as emulsifying properties. They are secondary metabolites whose main physiological role is to support the growth of microorganisms in water-immiscible substrates, through the reduction of the superficial tension of the interface. In the present study, the production of glycolipids by U. maydis FBD12 was investigated during its growth in fish and soy oils. The highest growth was observed at the 7th day of incubation with 16.8 and 7.25 g/L of biomass in fish and soy oils, respectively. An amount of 18.3 mg/100mL of glycolipid extract was obtained for fish oil, with an antioxidant capacity of 350 µMol ET/mL and a reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) towards S. aureus and S. Typhimurium of 25%. MIC decreased in 75% for Staphylococcus aureus when lipase was added to the fish oil culture medium. For soy oil, 9.6 mg/100mL of glycolipids were obtained with an antioxidant capacity of 232.5 µMol ET/mL and a MIC reduction of 25% in soy oil, which decreased 50% with the addition of lipase.
Key words: Antimicrobials, biosurfactants, lipase, reductors sugars, secondary metabolites, Ustilago.
Cortes-Sánchez Alejandro, Hernández-Sánchez Humberto and Jaramillo-Flores MarÃa*
Page: 1 - 12
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Expanding drug resistance through integron acquisition in Salmonella spp. isolates obtained in Iran
Bahareh Rajaei1, Seyed Davar Siadat1,2*, Mohamad Reza Razavi3, Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi 2, Nahid Sepehri Rad1, Farzad Badmasti4, Somieh Khanjani Jafroodi3, Taraneh Rajaei5, Arfa Moshiri6 and Saifuddin Javadian7
1Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
3Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
4Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
5Department of Immunology and Allergy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
6Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
7Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
A total eighty four epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovars were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular detection of class 1 and 2 integrons. Eleven isolates (13.1%) which were resistant to at least 4 groups of antimicrobial agents considered as MDR (multidrug resistant) Salmonella serovars. PCR assays detected intI1 and intI2 genes in 50 (59.5%) and 14 (16.7%) of Salmonella clinical isolates respectively. Emergence of MDR Salmonella serovars demonstrates that antimicrobial selection pressure is widespread and increased distribution of integron carrying gene cassettes which confer resistance to different antibiotics confirms that integron-mediated antibiotic resistance is considerable in our clinical settings.
Key words: Salmonella spp., integron, multidrug resistance (MDR).
Somieh Khanjani Jafroodi, Mohamad Reza Razavi, Seyed Davar Siadat*, Taraneh Rajaei, Bahareh Rajaei, Arfa Moshiri and Saifuddin Javadian, Farzad Badmasti, Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi, Nahid Sepehri Rad
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of glucose supplementation on CANDIDA ALBICANS virulence in immunosuppressed Swiss albino mice (MUS MUSCULUS)
Emira Noumi1*, Mejdi Snoussi1, Sonia El Ghoul2, Mahmoud Rouabhia3 and Amina Bakhrouf1
1Laboratoire d’Analyse, Traitement et Valorisation des Polluants de l’Environnement et des Produits, Département de Microbiologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Rue Avicenne, Monastir 5000, Tunisie.
2Laboratoire d’Histologie-Embryologie, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Monastir 5000, Tunisie. 3Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval Québec (Québec), G1V 0A6, Canada.
Accepted 23 January, 2019
Abstract
We investigated the effect of dietary carbohydrate supplementation on CANDIDA ALBICANS colonization using an animal model and a CANDIDA strain with both high phospholipase and proteinase activity. Normal and immunosuppressed mice were inoculated intraperitonially with C. ALBICANS and were allowed free access to drinking water supplemented or not with glucose. Blood and different organs including liver, spleen, lung and kidney were aseptically collected every 72 h post-infection. The presence and the growth of C. ALBICANS in blood and each organ were investigated. We also performed histopathologic investigations on each organ to assess tissue structure, the presence of C. ALBICANS, and its form (blastospore or hyphae). The results showed that on the third day post-inoculation, the cfu of C. ALBICANS per organ was significantly higher in mice inoculated by C. ALBICANS and receiving the glucose as supplement (433 cfu/liver) comparatively to the group receiving C. ALBICANS only (140 cfu/liver). Histological analysis revealed the presence of CANDIDA cells in blastospore and hyphal form, particularly in the CANDIDA-infected glucose-supplemented mice whose livers displayed oedema and leukocyte infiltration with a high density of polymorphonuclear cells. Overall results indicate that dietary glucose supplementation leads to higher rates of CANDIDA growth and invasion. This suggests that glucose restriction could be a possible way to control C. ALBICANS pathogenesis IN VIVO.
Key words: Candida albicans, glucose, immunosuppressed mice, experimental infection.
Sonia El Ghoul, Mejdi Snoussi, Mahmoud Rouabhia and Amina Bakhrouf, Emira Noumi*
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular study for detection of Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) in Iranian cats
Farzad Shahrani1,2, Abbas Doosti1,2* and Asghar Arshi2
1Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Young Researchers Club, Shahrekord, Iran.
2Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
Accepted 21 January, 2019
Abstract
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that infects cats. This infectious disease is a form of cancer of blood cells called lymphocytes. FeLV occurs in nature not as a single genomic species but as a family of closely related viruses. The aim of present study was to detect FeLV in Iranian domestic cats Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Fifty six blood samples were tested for FeLV using molecular techniques and out of 56 samples overall frequency of FeLV infection was 2.2%. The results showed that FeLV is a specific infection and the other common feline infectious pathogens and FeLV seem to be endemic in Iranian cats Vaccination and testing programs have proven to be effective in decreasing FeLV infection in Iran and may potentially totally eliminate it at least in other countries.
Key words: Feline leukemia virus, PCR, Iranian domestic cats.
Abbas Doosti* and Asghar Arshi, Farzad Shahrani
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Rapid detection of Salmonella species using an improved gel-based DNA microarray method
Xuhong Ye1,2,3, Yiming Wang1,2 and Xiangui Lin1,2*
1State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road, 71 Nanjing 210008, PR China.
2Joint Open Laboratory of Soil and the Environment, Hongkong Baptist University and Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
3Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
Salmonella, widely distributed in nature, is a great human and animal health hazard of a class of pathogens. Culture-based methods may require many days to detect Salmonella. Traditional microbiology could advantageously be replaced by DNA microarray technology. We described an improved 3-D polyacrylamide gel-based DNA microarray assay based on gyrB gene (DNA gyrase B subunit gene) sequences that can be used for the identification of Salmonella species. Primers specific for a gyrB gene region common to all 13 samples were synthesized and used for PCR amplification of purified DNA. An oligonucleotide probe for specific gyrB gene regions was developed for the identification of 7 Salmonella species. Acrylamide-modified oligonucleotides solutions containing acrylamide monomer, glycerol, APS and probe were prepared at the desired concentration. The solutions were spotted on the modified glass slide by ink jet using a microarrayer and then the slide was transferred to a vacuum chamber with TEMED, after that the slide was used for hybridization with fluorescently labeled ssDNA derived from amplified sample DNA to yield a pattern of positive spots. This microarray produced unique hybridization patterns for species of Salmonella and could differentiate closely related bacterial species. The sample preparation and microarray method used in this study increased sensitivity and reduces time-to-result for detection of Salmonella. The described method allowed microarray monitoring for Salmonella contamination of food and manure for aquaculture.
Key words: Salmonella, gyrB gene, PCR, DNA microarray, TEMED.
Yiming Wang and Xiangui Lin*, Xuhong Ye
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and characterization of a psychrophilic bacterium producing cold active lactose hydrolyzing enzyme from soil of Mt. Himalaya in Nepal
E. S. Nam1, Y. H. Kim2, K. H. Shon2, and J. K. Ahn2*
1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
2Department of Agricultural Sciences, Korea National Open University, Seoul 110-791, Republic of Korea.
Accepted 18 February, 2019
Abstract
Psychrophilic bacteria, which grew on lactose as a carbon source, were isolated from soil of Island Peak area at Mt. Himalaya in Nepal, and identified. 148 bacterial isolates were isolated via X-gal hydrolysis on plate. Among these, three isolates, referred to as KNOUC 401, 402 and 403, displayed good cold-adapted growth and activity for hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl- -D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) and lactose in cell free extracts. Strain KNOUC403 showing negative activity in -hemolysis was selected and identified. The strain was gram-positive bacilli, non-motile, catalase-positive and aerobic. Optimum growth was done at 20°C and pH 6.5~6.8. Anteiso-C15:0 (68.14%) was predominant in the fatty acid composition of cell. The physiological and biochemical properties, cellular fatty acid composition and sequence of 16S rDNA, suggest that strain KNOUC403 indicate a taxonomic affiliation to Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus. The optimal conditions for ONPG hydrolysis of cell free extracts from the strain were 15°C and pH 6.0, and the enzyme was stable at 4°C for 42 h. Zymogram assay of cell free extract from the strain in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel showed a distinct band of X-gal hydrolysis.
Key words: Psychrophilic bacteria, Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus, cold-active lactose hydrolyzing enzyme, Mt. Himalaya.
Y. H. Kim, K. H. Shon and J. K. Ahn*, E. S. Nam
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