ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparison of different detoxification methods for corn cob hemicelluose hydrolysate to improve ethanol production by Candida shehatae ACCC 20335
Jing-Ping Ge, Bai-Yan Cai, Guo-Ming Liu, Hong-Zhi Ling, Bao-Zhu Fang, Gang Song, Xiao-Feng Yang and Wen-Xiang Ping*
No 74, Nangang District, Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Haerbin, 150080 P. R. China,
Accepted 28 January, 2019
Abstract
Corn cob hydrolysis with 1% (v/v) of sulfuric acid yielded 36.49 total reducing sugars (g/l) along with various fermentation inhibitors such as fufural, phenolics compounds and acetic acid. The acid hydrolysate detoxified with overliming plus activated charcoal brought about a maximum decrease in fufural (100%), acetic acid (62.4%) and phenolics compounds (96.6%). Treatment of hydrolysate with overliming caused 99, 51.4 and 16.7% loss in fufural, acetic acid and phenolics compounds, respectively. Fermentation by Candida shehatae ACCC 20335 showed a maximum yield of ethanol (0.31 g/g) and a productivity of 0.152 g/l/h with overliming plus activated charcoal treated hydrolysate.
Key words: Corn cob, detoxification, ethanol, fermentation, hydrolysate.
Hong-Zhi Ling, Bai-Yan Cai, Xiao-Feng Yang and Wen-Xiang Ping*, Gang Song, Jing-Ping Ge, Bao-Zhu Fang, Guo-Ming Liu
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Identification and characterization of 16 recent Chinese isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 2 (BVDV-2)
Tao J., Zhu l. Q., Lin Y. Q. and Zhu G. Q.*
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Accepted 09 January, 2019
Abstract
Eighty calf blood samples were collected from different areas of China and were examined. Sixteen non cytopathic isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 2 (BVDV-2) were isolated by specific BVDV-2-directed RT-PCR and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were verified by the indirect immunofluorescence assay and the ultra-thin sections. Genes of 5'-UTR, E2 and Npro from all the 16 field isolates were sequenced. The sequence identities at the nucleotide and amino acid levels were higher than 99.0%. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the BVDV-2 USA strain, AzSpin, had the highest sequence homology with each of the Chinese isolates.
Key words: Bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 2 (BVDV-2), isolation and characterization, phylogenetic analysis.
Zhu l. Q., Lin Y. Q. and Zhu G. Q.*, Tao J.
Page: 1 - 5
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-003, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
In vitro antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of Berlina grandiflora Hutch. and Dalz.
Akuodor G. C.1*, Onyewenjo S. C.2, Anyalewechi N. A.1, Essien A. D.3 Akpan J. L.4, Okoroafor D. O.5 and Okere M. O.6
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) P. M. B. 21 Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.
2Departments of Biology/ Microbiology, Federal Polytechnic, Owerri, Nigeria.
3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria.
4Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakiliki, Nigeria.
5Departments of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
6Laboratory Unit, Kings Care Hospital Abuja, Nigeria.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Antimicrobial properties of Berlina grandiflora Hutch. and Dalz. leaf extract were investigated against both clinical and laboratory isolates. Susceptibility of these isolates to the extract was determined using disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial screening had wide range of activity on Escherichia coli, Stapylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. The diameter of zone of inhibition by the extract was 7, 8.7 and 9 mm respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 32.81, 19.38 and 11.72 µg/ml for E. coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus spp. Based on the current findings, it can be concluded that B. grandiflora has antimicrobial activity against certain microorganisms.
Key words: Berlina grandiflora, antimicrobial agent, minimum inhibition concentration, in vitro.
Okoroafor D. O and Okere M. O, Anyalewechi N. A, Onyewenjo S. C, Essien A. D Akpan J. L, Akuodor G. C*
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-010, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Surface display of multi-epitopes synthetic gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on Salmonella typhi Ty21a using a pgsA anchor protein
Badrul S. M. Zainuddin1*, Mustaffa Musa2 and Zainul F. Zainuddin3
1Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian Kelantan, Malaysia.
3School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
We have developed a recombinant Salmonella typhi Ty21a vaccine candidate (rSTvacIII) displaying a multi-epitopes mycobacterial antigen called the VacIII (containing ubiquitin and 4 immunogenic mycobacterial epitopes of ESAT-6, PhoS1, Hsp 16.3 and MTB 8.4 genes) on the surface of S. typhi Ty21a (Ty21a) using PgsA protein as a carrier. The expression of VacIII protein on the surface of Ty21a was verified by western blot. Immunization in BALB/c mice with rSTvacIII induced strong Th1-type responses based on high level of in vitro IFN- but low IL-4 secretion. Since the protective immunity against tuberculosis is mediated by Th1-type response, the rSTvacIII have potential as effective vaccine candidate against tuberculosis.
Key words: VacIII antigen, PgsA anchoring motif, tuberculosis, Salmonella typhi Ty21a.
Mustaffa Musa and Zainul F. Zainuddin, Badrul S. M. Zainuddin*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Virucidal activity of green propolis against avipoxvirus in chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs
Camila O. Vilela1, Geferson Fischer1*, Clarissa C. de Castro1, Cristina F. Nunes1, Silvia O. Hübner1, Margarida B. Raffi2, Simone E. Salles2, Marcos A. Anciuti3 and Gilberto D. Vargas1
1Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – CP 354 –96010-900 – Pelotas – RS – Brasil.
2Departamento de Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – CP 354 –96010-900 – Pelotas – RS – Brasil.
3Conjunto Agrotécnico Visconde da Graça, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – CP 354 – 96010-900 – Pelotas– RS – Brasil.
Accepted 07 January, 2019
Abstract
Recent pandemics caused by virus like influenzavirus (H1N1, H5N1) reaffirm the importance of studies aiming at obtaining new virucidal and/or antiviral substances, once its prolonged use can lead to resistance to the active principles. Green propolis, which has several scientifically proven bioactive properties, was evaluated in this study as an ethanol extract regarding its virucidal capacity against avipoxvirus (APV) inoculated in chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos (CAM). Eggs inoculated with virus and 2400 µg/dose of propolis, previously incubated for four hours, presented reduction in the pox lesions number (p<0.05) in relation to the positive control, besides reduction in the number of intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies and in the vacuolar degeneration score of epithelial cells from mesoderm CAM. After eight hours of incubation with the virus, the same concentration of propolis completely inactivated APV (p<0.0001) and in concentrations ten times lower (240 g/dose) significantly reduced the pox lesion numbers and the histopathology findings (p<0.05) . This product from bees presented virucidal activity depending on the dose and the incubation time with the virus before the inoculation. Although further research is needed, the activity of green propolis against APV can represent a new approach to virucidal or antiviral drugs development.
Key words: Green propolis, virucidal activity, avipoxvirus, chorioallantoic membrane.
Clarissa C. de Castro, Margarida B. Raffi, Simone E. Salles, Silvia O. Hübner, Camila O. Vilela, Marcos A. Anciuti and Gilberto D. Vargas, Cristina F. Nunes, Geferson Fischer*
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Investigation of the susceptibility of Candida species isolated from denture wearers to different antifungal antibiotics
Ozlem Abaci* and Alev Haliki-Uztan
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the the prevalence of in vitro resistance amongst Candida species isolated from the oral cavity of denture wearers. The in vitro susceptibility of 156 Candida isolates to amphotericin B, fluconazole, 5- fluorocytosine, caspofungin and terbinafine was determined. The Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute’ (CLSI; formally National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) broth microdilution method was used and MIC50 and MIC90 determined. Candida albicans, the most frequently isolated strains, are sensitive to amphotericin (61%) and fluconazole (44%), frequently used agents in the treatment of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. A 100% susceptibility to 5- fluorocytosine was observed among the 109 isolates of C. albicans. Among non C. albicans strains only 1 Candida kefyr strain was determined as susceptible dependent upon dose for 5-fluorocytosine. Among Candida glabrata, the second most common isolate, a 100% susceptibility to caspofungin and 5-fluorocytosine were observed. Since the isolates are sensitive to Caspofungin and 5-fluorocytosine, rarely used in the treatment of oral fungal infections, it is suggested that these antifungal agents be used as alternative medicine in the treatment of oral infections especially caused by strains resistant to amphotericin B and fluconazole.
Key words: Candida species, antifungal, denture wearers.
Alev Haliki-Uztan, Ozlem Abaci*
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