ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
A. Elkarmi, K. Qudiesat, M. Hamad and M. Abussaud, K. Abu-Elteen*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
In vitro screening of antibacterial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of various Indian plant species against selected pathogens from Enterobacteriaceae
Parekh J and Chanda S*
Phytochemical,Pharmacological and Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360 005,Gujarat, India.
Accepted 6 November, 2012
Abstract
Thirty four medicinal plants, belonging to twenty eight different families, were screened for potential antibacterial activity against six bacterial strains belonging to Enterobacteriaceae, viz. Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae NCIM2719, Proteus mirabilis NCIM 2241, Proteus vulgaris NCTC8313, and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC23564. Antibacterial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts was tested by the agar disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. The ethanol/methanol extracts were more active than aqueous extracts for all the plants studied. The most susceptible bacterium was K. pneumoniae, while the most resistant bacteria were S. typhimurium and E. coli. From the screening experiment, Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. showed best antibacterial activity. Hence, this plant may be used further to isolate and evaluate the therapeutic antimicrobials.
Key words: Medicinal plants, antibacterial activity, aqueous extracts, alcoholic extracts, Enterobacteriaceae.
a S*, Ch , Parekh J
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Microbiology of polyethylene-packaged sliced watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) sold by street vendors in Nigeria
E. Nwachukwu*, C. F. Ezeama and B. N. Ezeanya.
*Department of Microbiology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P. M. B.7267, Umuahia. Nigeria.
Accepted 8 February, 2012
Abstract
Ten packaged, freshly sliced watermelon were collected from different street vendors to determine their microbiological quality. Eight different microbial isolates were obtained from the sliced watermelon samples, namely Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhizopus stolonifer and Mucor spp. The effects of high density polyethylene (HDP) and low density polyethylene (LDP) packaging bags on the microbiological quality of freshly sliced watermelon, stored at ambient temperature were also determined. After 10 days of storage, the total viable counts increased from 0.6 x 103 cfu/g to 5.3 x 103cfu/g and to 5.5 x 103 cfu/g in the HDP- and LDP-packaged watermelon samples, respectively. The total fungal counts increased from 0.5 x 103cfu/g to 6.7 x 103cfu/g and to 7.2 x 103cfu/g in the HDP- and LDP-packaged watermelon samples, respectively. Proper sanitation practice and use of good quality packaging materials are recommended in order to avoid risks associated with the consumption of sliced food produce.
Key words: Watermelon, microbiological quality, packaging materials.
C. F. Ezeama and B. N. Ezeanya, E. Nwachukwu*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Fate of Salmonella typhimurium on rosemary and barley grown in fields treated with contaminated irrigation water
Dhiaf Amel1 and Bakhrouf Amina2
1Cabinet Dr Allaya. Ouled Salah 5116. Ksour Essef. Tunisia.
2Laboratoire de Recherche en Microbiologie et Santé. Hôpital de circonscription de Ksour Essef. 5180. Tunisia.
Accepted 27 March, 2012
Abstract
Animal wastes in the form of manure frequently contain enteric pathogenic microorganisms and land spreading can lead to pathogen entry into the food chain. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the persistence of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in soil, and on barley and rosemary plants. We observed that Salmonella typhimurium persisted for an extended period of time (203 to 231 days), and could be detected on infected vegetative parts of the rosemary and barley plants even after desiccation. After approximately two months, the colony morphology displayed a mucoid and rugose phenotype. Smooth colony morphology was acquired following incubation in nutrient broth and upon isolation from the digestive tracts of mice that had been challenged orally with stressed S. typhimurium. S. typhimurium was neither isolated from vegetative parts formed after plant contamination, nor from barley seeds and rosemary flowers.
Keywords: Salmonella, soil, rosemary, barley, contamination.
Dhiaf Amel, Bakhrouf Amina
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Clostridium perfringens type A beta2 toxin in elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) and pygmy hog (Sus salvanius) with haemorrhagic enteritis in Assam, India
Arunava Das1, Yahya Mazumder2*, Biman K. Dutta3, Bibek R. Shome4, Komal M. Bujarbaruah5 and Gauri D. Sharma6
1Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Department of Biotechnology, Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology, Bangalore, India.
3Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India.
4Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance, Hebbal, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
5Division of Animal Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India.
6Department of Life Science, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India.
Accepted 30 June, 2012
Abstract
This paper reported the investigation of haemorrhagic enteritis in female elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) and pygmy hog (Sus salvanius) at the Assam State Zoo, Guwahati, Assam, India. An eight year old female elephant and two and half year old female pygmy hog developed haemorrhagic enteritis of unknown cause maintained at the zoo died within four days. Bacteriological investigation revealed that the causative agent Clostridium perfringens was associated with the disease. Erythromycin, clindamycin and metronidazole were effective, however, ampicillin or penicillin G was more effective and probably the drug of choice for C. perfringens associated haemorrhagic enteritis. Isolates derived from elephant harboured four plasmids (4.1, 14.4, 38.8 and 48.2 kb), while that from pygmy hog carried two plasmids (42.8 and 51.9 kb) . PCR analysis of C. perfringens isolates revealed presence of alpha toxin gene (cpa) and beta2 toxin gene (cpb2). None of the isolates were positive for beta, epsilon, iota and enterotoxin genes. The sequence analysis of partial cpa gene showed 98.6 to 100% homology among the isolates studied. The study confirmed the involvement of beta2 toxin producing C. perfringens type A associated with the haemorrhagic enteritis.
Key words: Clostridium perfringens, haemorrhagic enteritis.
Arunava Das, Biman K. Dutta, Bibek R. Shome, Komal M. Bujarbaruah and Gauri D. Sharma, Yahya Mazumder*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Fungal xylanase production under solid state and submerged fermentation conditions
Suprabha G. Nair*, Sindhu. R, Shankar Shashidhar
School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
Accepted 20 March, 2012
Abstract
Seventy fungal strains were isolated from soils collected from different parts of southern Kerala, India. The strains were screened for xylanase production using Czapek’s agar medium. On the basis of clearing zones formed, 34 fungal strains were selected and identified. Solid state and submerged fermentation were done to identify strains that could produce maximum amount of xylanase, as well as to identify those strains that could produce cellulase- free xylanase under these conditions. All strains produced cellulase along with xylanase in solid state fermentation, while 70% of the strains produced cellulase-free xylanase during submerged fermentation.
Key words: Xylanase, Czapek’s agar, solid state fermentation, submerged fermentation.
Suprabha G. Nair*, Sindhu. R, Shankar Shashidhar
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