Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 20 (2), pp. 001-0069, February, 2026. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Statistical Optimization of Medium Components for Enhanced Bacteriocin Production by Lactobacillus plantarum YJG

Bing Han, Zhanqiao Yu, Baosheng Liu, Qingshan Ma and Rijun Zhang*

Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.

Accepted 7 October, 2025

The objective was to develop an optimal, albeit low-cost medium for bacteriocin production, thereby facilitating industrial production. Soybean meal and peptide, two low-cost nitrogen sources often applied in industrial fermentation, were used to replace their expensive counterparts in De Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS). Two factors were first chosen from the 11 considered in the Plankett-Burman (PB) design. Then, the path of steepest ascent and central composite design (CCD) were used to approach the optimum region of the response and determine the maximum activity of the bacteriocin. Optimal concentration of glucose (36.3 g/l) and NaCl (1.41 g/l) stimulated the production of bacteriocins. And the optimal equation was then verified by 50 L fermentor. Under optimized conditions, Lactobacillus plantarum YJG produced a 1.4 fold higher production of bacteriocin than the common MRS, with 40.6% cost savings relative to non-optimized conditions.

Key words: Lactobacillus plantarum YJG, bacteriocin, response surface methodology, central composite design, optimization.
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 20 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2026. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Optimization of Cellulase Production and Characterization of Cellulose-Degrading Enzymes from Pleurotus florida

Meenakshi Goyal* and Giridhar Soni

Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana- 141004, Punjab, India.

Accepted 19 November, 2025

Three Pleurotus spp., Pleurotus florida, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus sajar-caju, were screened for cellulolytic enzyme production under submerged fermentation conditions. Of these, P. florida, was studied for optimizing medium composition, incubation period, initial pH and incubation temperature to maximize cellulolytic enzyme production. Malt extract at 0.5%, 12 day of incubation period and 1% CMC as carbon source supported maximum production of cellulases. The optimum temperature and pH for maximum production of enzymes were 35 to 40°C and 5.0 for exo-and endoglucanases and 30°C and 4.5 for b- glucosidase.

Key words: Endoglucanase, exoglucanase, fermentation conditions, b-glucosidase, medium composition.
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 20 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2026. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

In Vitro Evaluation of Nigerian Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Tuberculosis in HIV-Positive Patients

Anochie, P. I.1, Onyejepu, N.¹, Ogu A. C.2, Adetunji, M. A.1, Efere, L. O.1, Onyeozirila, A. C.3, Onyeneke, E. C.4, Onyeneke, C. N.5, Obinna, J. U.6, Srikanth, A.7 and Bueno, J.8

1Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
2Department of Medicine, University of Sheffield, UK.
3Department of Medicine, Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria.
4Federal Medical Center, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
5Department of Microbiology, Abia State University, Abia State, Nigeria.
6Ogun State University Teaching Hospital, Ogun State, Nigeria.
7School of Biosciences Technology, VIT University, India.
8Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota, D.C, Colombia.

Accepted 19 October, 2025

Local herbalists in Nigeria claimed that extracts of certain parts, that is, stem and seeds obtained from Crinum glaucum,Treculia africana, Erythrina mildbaedi, Ficus thonningii and Xylopis aethiopica are used to treat tuberculosis patients. We conducted a laboratory-based study of this claim scientifically using the procedures employed by the local herbalists. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain used in this study was obtained locally and characterized based on cultural and biochemical tests on isolates of bacteriologically proven tuberculosis positive patients. The M. tuberculosis strains were found resistant to all the extracts. There was no growth on the isoniazid drug containing medium which was used as control. There was growth on all the LJ medium containing the extracts. The results of these findings shows that the extracts of these plants exhibited no significant anti-microbial activity against M. tuberculosis and therefore not recommendable for clinical use as an anti-tuberculosis drug.

Key words: Anti-tuberculosis, activity, medicinal plants, treatment, HIV patients, Nigeria.
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 20 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2026. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence and Resistance Profile of Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Northern Jordan

Ghulam N. Dhabaan¹, Hamimah H¹ and M. A. Shorman²*

1Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
2King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudia Arabia.

Accepted 10 November, 2025

The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Acinetobacter baumannii and the contribution of the insertion sequence upstream of ampC β-lactamase on the susceptibility profile of 64 A. baumannii clinical isolates collected from a Jordan hospital. A total of 64 consecutive clinical isolates of A. baumannii were recovered (between March 2005 and December 2006) at the King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH). The antimicrobial susceptibility profile against 11 different antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these antibiotics against all isolates was determined using Etest. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening was carried out to identify the presence of ampC gene and its adjacent insertion sequence. A. baumannii showed high resistance profile to β-lactam antibiotics (cefotaxime 92.2%, cefuroxime 98.4%, ceftazidime 89.1%) and ciprofloxacin 89.1%. imipenem and meropenem showed increased resistant rates (70.1 and 71.6%, respectively) with nearly half of the isolates being resistant to amikacin (52.5%). All isolates were susceptible to colistin. AmpC gene was detected in all isolates and only β-lactam including carbapenems and β-lactamase inhibitor resistant isolates were found to carry the IS-AmpC gene. Our present study confirms the essential role of the insertion sequence which could represent a gene regulatory system, able to regulate various genes in A. baumannii. Finally, inappropriate infection control measures and inaccurate antibiotic usage are highly potential factors that might increase the prevalence and spread of antibiotic resistant A. baumannii isolates.

Key words: Acinetobacter baumannii, Antimicrobial susceptibility, IS-AmpC
 

International Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 20 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2026. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Investigating the Role of Borna Disease Virus (BDV) Markers in Patients Diagnosed with Schizophrenia

Karakose A. R.¹, Yuksel P.¹, Turan N.², Ziver T.¹, Saribaş S.¹, Nihat Alpay³, Balcioglu I.⁴, Aslan M.¹, Helps C. R.⁵, Yilmaz H.² and Kocazeybek B.¹*

¹Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Basic Science Building, Floor 2, Fatih, İstanbul, Turkey.
²Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
³T. C. Health Ministry, Bakirkoy Mental Health (Ruh ve Sinir) Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁴Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁵Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, United Kingdom.

Accepted 18 November, 2025

In human, certain serological and molecular trials estimated an association between psychiatric diseases, particularly schizophrenia, mood disorders and borna disease virus (BDV). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether BDV has association with etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. A total of 207 patients who were diagnosed with residual schizophrenia and 51 patient control grop with 134 healthy control group were included in the study. RNA of borna disease virus (BDV p24 and p40) in the peripheral blood was investigated by using real-time RT-PCR. A highly significant difference was detected between patient and healthy control group cases in terms of BDV IgG seropositivity (p<0.001). The OD value of IgG positivity was established as significantly high in the patient group compared to patient control group in the age groups of 35-50 and 51-65 (p<0.001). No significant differences were detected in other groups. The OD value of IgG positivity was established as significantly high in the patient group compared to healthy control group in the age groups of 35-50 and 51-65 (p<0.001). BDV- RNA (p24 and p40) was not detected in those 102 cases having BDV-IgG seropositivity.

Key words: Borna disease virus, schizophrenia, ELISA.
 

International Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 20 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2026. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of Storage Conditions and Cultivar Genotype on Vitis vinifera Pollen Performance

Yavar Sharafi¹* and Ali Bahmani^2
1Islamic Azad University, Maragheh Branch, Department of Horticultural Science, Maragheh, Iran.
²University of Maragheh, Department of Horticultural Science, Maragheh, Iran.

Accepted 23 March, 2025

The grapevines (Vitis vinifera, L.) are cultured widely in Maragheh and are made one of the most important commercial fruit crops of its regions. Most of the cultivars are growing with their fruits or are used in rasine, juice and fresh fruits forms. However, pollination is the main factor affecting fruit set and knowledge about pollen traits of cultivars is necessary to plan the vineyards establishment and breeding programs. This study was accomplished to investigate pollen traits of 15 main grape cultivars ('Fakhri', 'Hosaini', 'Khalili', 'Keshmeshi' ('Sefide bidaneh), 'Lale bidaneh', 'Garmian', 'Gizil uzum', 'Sahebi', 'Jigh jigha', 'Shahani', 'Soltanin', 'Rish baba', 'Syahe malahi', 'Razeghi' ('Peikami') and 'Tabarzeh') which are grown in Maragheh. Pollens of cultivars gathered and cultured in the in vitro medium contained sucrose, boric acid and agar. Pollen germination percentage and tube growth were studied by light microscope. Experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design was (CRD) and data were analyzed with SAS software. Pollen germination percentage and tube growth rate showed significant differences among all of the studied cultivars. Finally, cultivars 'Fakhri', 'Khalili', 'Keshmeshi' 'Lale bidane' and 'Rish baba' showed the highest range of pollen germination, tube growth rate, longevity and selected for vineyards establishment and breeding programs.

Key words: Grapevine, vineyards, pollen germination, pollen tube growth, pollen longevity, breeding programs