ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Biodegradation of 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidone by three soil bacteria strains and their isolation and identification
Q. F. Li*, L. F. Wang, C. J. Hao, G. M. Zhao and J. H. Wang
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China.
Accepted 12 January, 2019
Abstract
In order to isolate and characterize 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidone (TMPD)- degrading bacteria and to select the optimal degrading conditions, different bacterial types which can degrade TMPD were isolated from soil samples. Three strains (LF-1, LF-2 and LF-3) showed strong biodegradation ability by UV-visible spectrophotometer analysis. Morphological and biochemical analyses, as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of three strains were further carried out. They were identified as Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus pasteur and Bacillus flexus, respectively. K. oxytoca, S. pasteur and B. flexus had degrading capabilities for TMPD in mineral salt medium of 80.9, 69.8 and 64.9%, respectively, during 24 days of incubation. Maximum degrading rates were obtained by an initial concentration of the TMPD of 200 mg/L, an incubation temperature of 30°C, and constant aeration (180 rev/min). In conclusion, K. oxytoca, S. pasteur and B. flexus show their potentials in TMPD detoxifying and in protecting the TMPD contaminated environment.
Key words: 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidone (TMPD), biodegradation, Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus pasteur, Bacillus flexus.
L. F. Wang, C. J. Hao, G. M. Zhao and J. H. Wang, Q. F. Li*
Research Article
Antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticle on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticle on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Zarrindokht Emami-Karvani* and Pegah Chehrazi
Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan Branch, Iran.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to determine the antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticles against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were used as test microorganisms. The effects of particle size and concentration on the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles was studied using bacteriological tests such as disc and well diffusion agar methods, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). These tests were performed in nutrient broth and nutrient agar following standard methods. In addition, the effect of different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles on the growth of E. coli and S. aureus was measured with respect of time. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using seven different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles including 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 and 0.5 mg/ml. The MIC value for E. coli and S. aureus was 1 and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. The results showed that ZnO nanoparticles have antibacterial inhibition zone of 29 and 19 mm at the concentration of 10 mg/ml against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Gram-negative bacteria seemed to be more resistant to ZnO nanoparticles than Gram-positive bacteria. It was found that the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles increased with decreasing particle size and increasing powder concentration. The antibacterial effect of ZnO nanoparticles was time dependent and takes effect gradually. ZnO bulk powder showed no significant antibacterial activity.
Key word: ZnO nanoparticle, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).
Pegah Chehrazi, Zarrindokht Emami-Karvani*
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of some culture substrates (date-palm peat, cocopeat and perlite) on some growing indices and nutrient elements uptake in greenhouse tomato
Ahmad Mohammadi Ghehsareh1*, Hassan Borji2 and Mehrdad Jafarpour3
1Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Esfahan, P. O. Box 81595-158, Iran.
2Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Esfahan, Iran.
3Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
In recent years, a wide range of soilless culture techniques have been developed and commercially introduced for intensive production of horticultural crops, particularly in greenhouses. Reasons for replacing soils as growing media arise from plant protection problems with soil-borne pathogens and environmental regulations against groundwater pollution with nitrate and pesticides. The aim of this study was to compare some growing indexes of greenhouse tomato that were cultivated in some substrates, such as perlite, date-palm peat and coco peat. The research was conducted in a completely randomized design with 6 replications. The treatments were coco peat + perlite (v/v=50%)‚ date-palm peat + perlite (v/v=50%)‚ perlite (100%) and date-palm peat(100%). Papadopolus formula was used for nutrient solution during plant growth with fertigation method. Also temperature, humidity and irrigation rate was constant for all treatments. Comparison of means showed that the media had no significant effect on concentration of nutrient elements in fruit such as N, P, K and yield in all treatments. Minimum and maximum amount of fruits yield was in date-palm peat and perlite treatments respectively. That had no significant difference with other treatments. Higher amount of total soluble solids (TSS) related to coco peat + perlite treatment that has not any significant difference with date-palm peat + perlite, perlite and date-palm peat treatments. Also, culture substrates had no significant difference on the amount of ascorbic acid. The results showed that date-palm peat is an appropriate media for soilless culture with suitable physical and chemical properties, availability and low cost. Therefore, it can be a new substrate that is introduced for replacing other media.
Key word: Soilless, substrate, date-palm peat, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid.
Hassan Borji and Mehrdad Jafarpour, Ahmad Mohammadi Ghehsareh*
Research Article
Variability in antimicrobial activity of latex from two varieties of Ficus carica
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Variability in antimicrobial activity of latex from two varieties of Ficus carica
Houda Lazreg Aref1*, Bel Hadj Salah Karima2, Abdelwaheb Fekih5, Rachid Chemli6, Massoud Mars3, Mahjoub Aouni2, Jean Pierre Chaumon4 and Khaled Said1
1Laboratoire de Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio ressources (UR 03ES09), Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie.
2Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie.
3Laboratoire U.R. Agro biodiversité, Département des sciences Horticoles Institut Supérieur Agronomique, 4042, Tunisie.
4Laboratoire de Botanique et cryptogamie, Faculté de Pharmacie Besançon, 25000 cedex, France.
5Laboratoire de Chimie, 03/UR/1202, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie.
6Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et phytothérapie, Faculté de pharmacie, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Fig latex has been a typical component in the health -promoting Mediterranean diet for millennia. To study its potential constituents, two varieties differing in color of fruit [Bidhi Bither: (BB); Kahli Bither: (KB)] and their growth area were analyzed for their organic extracts against sixteen microbes. The capacity of extracts was evaluated based on the inhibition zone, using the disc-diffusion assay, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) for bacteria and yeasts, the method of calculating the inhibition percentage (I%) and Agar punched wells method for fungi, respectively. Extracts of (BB1) variety from Chott Meriam showed the highest antimicrobial activities against the studied microorganisms when compared to (KB) variety and those from Mahdia. Ethyl acetate extracts had inhibition effect on the multiplication of Enterococcus faecalis, Citobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Escherchia coli. For the opportunist pathogenic yeasts, ethyl acetate and chloroformic fractions showed a very strong inhibition (100%) and an MIC of 0.082 and 1.25 µg/ml for (BB) and (KB), respectively, while ethanolic fraction had a total inhibition against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. Microsporum canis was strongly inhibited with ethanolic extract (75%) and totally with ethyl acetate extract at a concentration of 500 µg/ml.
Key words: Ficus carica, latex, organic extracts, fungi, yeasts, bacteria, antimicrobial activity.
Abdelwaheb Fekih, Rachid Chemli, Massoud Mars, Mahjoub Aouni, Houda Lazreg Aref*, Bel Hadj Salah Karima, Jean Pierre Chaumon and Khaled Said
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Screening and induction of laccase activity in fungal species and its application in dye decolorization
Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar, Selvaraj Dinesh Kirupha, Premkumar Periyaraman and Subramanian Sivanesan*
Environment Management Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa Chettair (A. C.) College of Technology, Anna University -Chennai, Chennai – 600025, India.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
A great deal of works has been carried out assessing dye-decolorization capabilities of fungi, but only few species were investigated. In this present study, ten fungal species were screened for laccase activity by indicator plate method, of which five species were found to be laccase-positive. Laccase activity varied during growth and maximal laccase activity was observed during the 9th day, except for Agaricus bisporus. Pleurotus ostreatus gave the highest laccase activities, showing average value around 570 U/L, which were higher than other strains. Addition of 1 mM copper sulphate induced the laccase production efficiently by 60 to 80%, while veratryl and benzyl alcohol induced laccase production in all the laccase positive species except for A. bisporus. Constitutive expression of laccase was observed in F. solani in the presence of copper sulphate. In addition, the extracellular laccase from the P. ostreatus could decolorize reactive dyes, which suggests the potential application of laccase in textile effluent treatment.
Key words: Dyes, decolorization, inducer, laccase, Pleurotus, textile.
Selvaraj Dinesh Kirupha, Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar, Premkumar Periyaraman and Subramanian Sivanesan*
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Production of recombinant cellulase enzyme from Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. (type NRRL-0366)
Ayman S. Daba1, Ghada A. Youssef2*, Sanaa S. Kabeil1 and Elsayed E. Hafez1
1Mubarak City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria, Egypt.
2Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Successful utilization of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. (type NRRL-0366) mushroom as a type of edible locally isolated mushroom in Egypt at the Mushroom Research Center (Mubarak City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications), to produce extensive hydrolyzing cellulase complex enzymes. This hydrolysis was approached in submerged culture supplemented with avicel PH101 as a substrate for endo-,exoglucanase production. The avicel concentration 6% yielded the maximum enzyme activities (2.46, 1.80 U/ml) for both endo-and exoglucanase activities on basal medium at 27°C, initial pH value of 5.5 for 12 days on rotary shaker (180 rpm) incubation period. Cellulase enzyme was amplified using specific PCR and the amplicone was cloned using TOPO TA cloning vector. The cellulolytic activity of the recombinant protein was examined and high activity was obtained compared with the standard ones. The avicel was used as a sole carbon source in the fermentation medium and the results revealed that, avicel induced the cellulolytic activity of the examined organism compared with those grown on medium deficient of avicel.
Key words: Pleurotus ostreatus, mushroom, avicel, recombinant cellulolytic enzymes.
Ayman S. Daba, Ghada A. Youssef*, Sanaa S. Kabeil and Elsayed E. Hafez