ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Study on productivity of epilithic algae in Urumqi River Basin in Northwest China
Li Lanhai, Mupenzi Jean de la Paix*, Chen Xi, Achal Varenyam, Bao Amning and Habiyaremye Gabriel
State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,
Chinese Academy of Science, 818 Beijing Road, South Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to make a deep investigation on the concentration of chlorophyll a and ash-free dry mass (AFDM) estimates for algae growing on stones in Urumqi River located in an arid region of northwest China. The study was conducted on three sites. A highly improved method for measuring primary productivity in situ was used to estimate the primary production of algae growing on rocks (or algae epilithic) deposited in surface water. The results showed a low biomass with mean chlorophyll a content that was estimated at 5.9 mg/m 2 in the Urumqi River. Of the three sites studied, the mean gross primary productivity of periphyton was 394.89 mgC/m2 day and AFDM 344.75 mg/m2. The analysis of correlation between chlorophyll a and altitude was found to be a curve of anti- hyperbola. Total phosphorus and chlorophyll a was in equilibrium with that between chlorophyll a and total nitrogen.
Key words: Epilithic algae, phytoplankton productivity, chlorophyll a, ash-free dry mass (AFDM).
Li Lanhai, Achal Varenyam, Mupenzi Jean de la Paix*, Chen Xi, Bao Amning and Habiyaremye Gabriel
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-011, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Researc
The effect of fertilizer amendment on diesel biodegradation in contaminated soils
D. Padayachee and J. Lin*
School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Private Bag X 54001, Durban, Republic of South Africa.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
Diesel biodegradation and the effect of application frequency were investigated in artificially contaminated soils (loam soil and sea sand) amended with commercial fertilizers and the effect of application frequency. Two sets of four equal portions (2 kg each) of diesel-contaminated soils were amended with 10% (w/w) of 2 different commercial fertilizers at 4 different but regular intervals for up to four times during a 7- week study period. The microcosms were then incubated at 30°C and sampled weekly. One sterilized soil microcosm contaminated with 10% (v/w) diesel and supplemented with 10% (w/w) fertilizer and one naturally attenuated microcosm served as controls. The amount of diesel remaining in each sample was determined using the Soxhlet extraction method and compared to the amount of diesel present in the same sample at day 0. The quantities of hydrocarbon contents in the supplemented samples and the controls were determined by GC-MS. The total heterotrophic population of each sample was also monitored. The population increase was found to correspond to the higher diesel degradation percentage in the study on sea sand. A significant enhancement (p<0.05) of diesel degradation was observed after the supplementation of fertilizers especially in sea sand compared with those in both controls. There were no significant differences in diesel degradation with the fertilizer application frequency. In conclusion, supplementation of diesel contaminated soils with commercial fertilizer results in a significant increase on diesel biodegradation. Additional supplementation did not further stimulate the degradation under the same conditions.
Key words: Diesel, bioremediation, fertilizers, application frequency.
J. Lin*, D. Padayachee
Page: 1 - 11
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-010, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Aerobic composting of water lettuce for preparation of phosphorus enriched organic manure
Sadia Kanwal1*, Shazia Iram1, Matiullah Khan2 and Iftikhar Ahmad2
1Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
2Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
In this study, rock phosphate (RP- compost) enriched composts were prepared by mixing rock phosphate with water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) with and without effective microbes. The treatment comprised of four types and includes control plant material (water lettuce), water lettuce and rock phosphate (WL+RP), water lettuce, rock phosphate, effective microorganisms (WL+RP+EM) and water lettuce, rock phosphate, effective microorganisms and urea (WL+RP+EM+Urea). The present investigation indicates that the nutrients availability was enhanced in the compost with the time span. RP-compost had higher total and available P than normal compost. Inoculation with effective microorganisms increased total P, available P and other nutrient contents in the compost like N, K, Zn and B. The trend of pH shows the production of organic acids in the compost was in the ascending order in the initial days, and it was descending after 45 days. Electrical conductivity (EC) of the compost increase with the time span which shows the availability of the nutrients. The soluble phosphorus was decreased in the initial days of the composting while trend became ascending after 45 days of the composting. The trend of the nitrogen release was similar to the phosphorus, but the released nitrogen remained below the content in the control. The trend of available P in the treatments remained as it was decreasing in the control but the availability of the phosphorus was increased in the other treatments particularly in the treatment where WL, RP, EM and urea was applied. This treatment was recorded as P enriched compost, because carbon to nitrogen ratio was also stabilized in this treatment. Thus, RP enriched compost could be an alternative and viable technology to utilize both low grade RPs and re-use water lettuce plant efficiently.
Key words: Compost, rock phosphate, water lettuce, effective microbes, urea.
Matiullah Khan and Iftikhar Ahmad, Shazia Iram, Sadia Kanwal*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Determination of an economical medium for growth of Clostridium butyricum TK2 using orthogonal test
HaiKuan Wang, AnDong Li , FeiFei Liu and Wei Qi*
Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology,
Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. O. 300457, P. R. China.
Accepted 07 February, 2019
Abstract
Clostridium butyricum is a widely utilized probiotics, also used as an alternative to antibiotics for humans and growth promotion in a wide variety of livestock species. The objective of this study is to develop an economical and practical fermentation medium for the growth of C. butyricum TK2 using orthogonal test. The optimal fermentation medium was obtained by the single factor and the orthogonal test of carbon source, nitrogen source and growth factors design. The fermentation medium was estimated to be the most economical formula (per liter): 8 g glucose, 20 g soybean meal (hydrolyzed for 3 h by neutral protease), 5 g brewer’s yeast powder. After incubating for 48 h in the optimum fermentation medium, the populations of C. butyricum TK2 were estimated to be 8 × 108 CFU ml-1, while the cost was 90% lower than ever. The optimized medium is not only more economical but also good for the growth of C. butyricum TK2. The low cost medium developed in this study can be used for large-scale commercial application where economics are quite likely to be important.
Key words: Clostridium butyricum, soybean meal, brewer’s yeast powder, medium optimization.
FeiFei Liu and Wei Qi*, HaiKuan Wang, AnDong Li
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Single multiplex PCR assay to identify the shiga toxin
Eisa Tahmasbpour Marzony1, Mahdi Kamali2, Mojtaba Saadati3, Amir Homayoun Keihan2*, Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi 4, and Sharareh Sajjadi5
1Young Research Bashgah, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Tehran, Sari Iran.
2Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3Department of Biology, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
4Microbial Products Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
5Department of biology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran.
Accepted 19 February, 2019
Abstract
Strains of shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Shigella dysenteriae type1 have been associated with outbreaks of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans. Most clinical signs of disease arise as consequence of the production of shiga toxin/shiga toxin 1 (Stx/Stx1), shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) or combination of these toxins. Here, we designed a Multiplex PCR technique to identify stx/stx1 and stx2 genes with the incorporation of mdh gene of E. coli and Shigella. A total of six primers were used: SFI and SRI, which produce a 199bp product that serves as an internal positive control; Ka2F and Ka2R, which yield a 381bp fragment of stx2 gene, and Ka1F and Ka1R, which amplify a 622bp fragment of stx/stx1. The thermal profile, which was preceded by a 5 min incubation at 95°C for 20 to 25 cycles with the following parameters: 95°C at 1 min, 60°C at 1 min, 72°C at 1 min, and 5 min incubation at 72°C as final extension. PCR amplification products identifying the stx/stx1 and stx2 gene sequences were observed only in E. coli 0157:H7 and Shigella dysenteriae type1. Template nucleic acid extracted from other Gram-negative bacteria was found to be negative. The sensitivity of the PCR procedure for detection of shiga toxin genes was determined to be 2.1 pg/µl of total nucleic acid and 320 cfu/µl.
Key words: Shiga toxin, multiplex PCR, diagnosis.
Mojtaba Saadati, Mahdi Kamali, and Sharareh Sajjadi, Amir Homayoun Keihan*, Eisa Tahmasbpour Marzony, Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The in vitro effect of vancomycin on multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus from hospital currency notes
Adegoke Anthony A. and Okoh Anthony I.
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.
Accepted 03 February, 2019
Abstract
We determined the in vitro effect of vancomycin on multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates and presumptive roles of plasmid DNA using standard microbiological procedures. A total of 32 paper naira notes from seven different hospital sections (mostly from the patients) were analyzed. Thirteen notes (40.6%) gave isolates of S. aureus and subsequent resistant range of between 62.5 and 100% to frequently prescribed antibiotics. The same set of isolates showed three (23.1%) to be susceptible and ten (76.9%) to be resistant to vancomycin. Five of the latter ten isolates produced beta lactamase and became susceptible to some of the multidisc antibiotics and vancomycin, after the plasmid curing. This presumptively reflects important role of plasmid DNA in conferring resistance to microorganisms as a means of their adaptation especially in the vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA). The increasing resistance to vancomycin could cause major problems to public health as it was often regarded as the last line of defense against nosocomial and community based S. aureus infection.
Key words: Vancomycin, multidrug, plasmid, beta lactamase, antibiotic resistance.
Okoh Anthony I., Adegoke Anthony A.
Page: 1 - 7