ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Staphylococci and other selected microbiota associated with indigenous traditional beer
J. F. R. Lues1, B. K. Ikalafeng1, M. Maharasoa1, K. Shale1, N. J. Malebo1* and E. Pool2
1School for Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, P/Bag X20539, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
2University of Western Cape, Private Bag X 17, Bellville, 7535, Western Cape, South Africa.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
The nature and origin of indigenous traditional beer, makes it is prone to spoilage by a variety of microbiota in particular post-fermentation. In this study, samples of commercially and homebrewed indigenous traditional beer were collected using sterile sampling Whirl-pak® bags from local informal brewers in typical marginal urban settlements of South Africa. Both commercially and homebrewed traditional beer recorded the mean counts for total coliforms and Staphylococcus spp. circa 105 cfu.ml-1 whereas the mean TVC and total fungi counts amounted to 106 and 107 cfu.ml-1, respectively. The counts from homebrewed indigenous traditional beer were about one log-phase higher than its commercial counterpart. Further characterisation of staphylococci identified Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus homonis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. S. aureus was the dominant species in both traditional beers and S. saprophyticus and S. homonis were the least identified. The implementation of sanitation guidelines, licensing of informal brewers, training programmes in aspects such as good manufacturing practices, five keys to safer food is a prerequisite in the study area and the rest of South Africa.
Key words: Indigenous traditional beer, food safety, microbiota, staphylococci.
K. Shale, N. J. Malebo* and E. Pool, M. Maharasoa, J. F. R. Lues, B. K. Ikalafeng
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and identification of N-acylhomoserin lactone degrading bacteria from potato rhizosphere
Esmaeil Mahmoudi1*, Nader Hasanzadeh1, Badraldin Ebrahim Sayed Tabatabaei2 and Vittorio Venturi3
1Department of Plant Pathology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
3Bacteriology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
In many Gram-negative bacteria, including a number of pathogens such as Pectobacterium carotovorum, virulence factor production and many functions are linked to the quorum sensing (QS) systems that use diffusible N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as intercellular messenger molecules. A number of organisms also contain genes that hydrolyze AHLs into inactive products, thereby blocking the quorum-sensing systems. In this study, the diversity of bacteria that inactivate N -AHL signal in soil and potato rhizoshere was investigated. Among 139 isolated strains, eighteen N-AHL degrading isolates were finally identified as genera Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Mesorhizobium, Pseudomonas and Streptomyces using polyphasic approaches. All these isolates were capable to degraded both synthetic and natural N-AHL produced by Pectobacterium atrosepticum strain SM1. In quenching experiments selected isolates, especially Bacillus sp. EM84, were markedly reduced the pathogenicity of PaSM1 in potato tubers and totally suppressed tissue maceration on potato tubers. These results reveal the diversity of the QS interfering bacteria in the rhizosphere and demonstrate the validity of targeting QS signal molecules to control pathogens with natural bacterial isolates.
Key words: Quorum sensing, acyl-homoserin lactone, quorum quenching, biocontrol.
Badraldin Ebrahim Sayed Tabatabaei and Vittorio Venturi, Nader Hasanzadeh, Esmaeil Mahmoudi*
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Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Antibiotic resistance of some lactobacilli isolated from the gut microflora of broiler
Behira Belkacem* and Kihal Mebrouk
Faculté des sciences, Laboratoire de microbiologie appliqué, Université d’Oran, Algérie.
Accepted 02 February, 2019
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of the antibiotic use in poultry and the development of the resistance in the gut microflora of broiler. Microbiological methods were used to investigate the susceptibility of ten lactobacilli stains isolated from digestive tract of broiler. The isolates were tested against the ten most used antibiotics in veterinary and human medicine in Algeria. The isolates exhibited high resistance to all antibiotics tested in the range 70 to 100%. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC’s) also were evaluated for each isolates. Lactobacilli of broiler’s microflora are a reservoir of resistance genes able to dispread the antibioresistance phenomenon through the food chain and the environment. Further studies need to be performed to understand the mechanisms and the causes responsible for this phenomenon. This study shows the need to find alternatives and emergency measures to avoid repercussions on public health.
Key words: Lactobacilli, antibiotics, resistance, broiler, microflora.
Kihal Mebrouk, Behira Belkacem*
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Clinical and epidemiological description of Imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii causing nosocomial infections in a regional teaching hospital in China
Jing Ping Zhang1, Wan Zhu2, Su Fei Tian3, Yun Zhuo Chu3 and Bai Yi Chen1*
1Division of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
2Department of Nosocomial Infection Control, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001,
3Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
Accepted 09 January, 2019
Abstract
To elucidate the clinical characteristics of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii causing nosocomial infections in the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 34 isolates genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were collected from January 2007 to December 2007. Isolates were most commonly found in the ICU and burn ward in this study, accounting for 47.06% (16 isolates) and 26.47% (9 isolates) of the total isolates, respectively. For the most patients infected by A. baumannii, three to seven risk factors generally existed. But some factors (including diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory diseases and tumor) were mostly negative for those patients. The clinical data obtained suggested that the three clinical risk factors may take little action in the nosocomial infection caused by A. baumanniis in the hospital. As for the use of antimicrobial, different types were selected before the occurrence of the most infections. This may be an important factor leading to the multi-drug resistance.
Key words: Acinetobacter baumannii, clinical characteristics, epidemiological description, risk factors.
Yun Zhuo Chu and Bai Yi Chen*, Wan Zhu, Jing Ping Zhang, Su Fei Tian
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The in vivo antileishmanial activity of alcoholic extract from Nigella sativa seeds
Ali Fattahi Bafghi1*, Ali Reza Vahidi2, Mohammad Hossein Anvari1, Kazem Barzegar3 and Mahin Ghafourzadeh4
1Medical Parasitological and Mycology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
2Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
3The General Courses Department, School of Medicine, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
4Medical Parasitology and Mycology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Accepted 12 January, 2019
Abstract
The effect of an alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seeds was surveyed on cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. A subcutaneous inoculation of Leishmania (L) major at the dorsal base of the tail produced swelling, inflammation, stiffness, redness and sore. As soon as symptoms appeared, the ointment was used on the wound of mice as a treatment (the seeds were dried and crushed into coarse powder. Five hundred grams of the powder were extracted with ethanol 95% v/v. The extract was concentrated under reduced pressure of 22 to 26 mmHg at 45°C, then 40, 60 and 80% of Nigella sativa seed extract were prepared in ointment base). As the animals were weighed by the scales, lesion development was monitored every other day with a direct-reading vernier caliper gauge. This monitoring continued to the death of the last mice in the control group. Then the spleens of mice in each group were measured and controlled. Weight loss or stoppage was not observed in any of the case group mice. But the wound diameter in all case groups was smaller, compared to the control group. Swelling, inflammation, stiffness, redness, necrosis and secondary infection were less in the case group mice compared to the control group mice. So, these results indicate that the alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa, showed a significant anti-cutaneous leishmanial activity and this validates the traditional use of the plant in fungal infections.
Key words: Leishmania (L) major, alcoholic extract, antileishmania, BALB/c mice.
Kazem Barzegar and Mahin Ghafourzadeh, Mohammad Hossein Anvari, Ali Fattahi Bafghi*, Ali Reza Vahidi
Page: 1 - 7
Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Fungal sinusitis in immunocompromised hosts
Tayfun Apuhan1*, Abdulkadir Küçükbayrak2 and Ismail Hakyemez2
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Izzet Baysal Medicine Faculty of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
2Department of Infectious Diseases, Izzet Baysal Medicine Faculty of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
The term “immunocompromised host” is generally applied to a variety of patients with various immune defects. Invasive rhinosinusitis is defined by the presence of local inflammation, with vascular and osseous necrosis with extensive soft tissue extension, and occurs almost exclusively in immunocompromised patients. Fungi have been increasingly recognized as important pathogens in severe acute and chronic sinusitis in immunosuppressed hosts. Earlier recognition of the disease, medical attention specific to the patient’s needs are required. After medical remission, significant complications of invasive fungal infection may be seen. Patients should be followed in the long-term, until remucosalization of the sinuses.
Key word: Fungal sinusitis, immunocompromised hosts, rhinosinusitis, immune defects.
Abdulkadir Küçükbayrak and Ismail Hakyemez, Tayfun Apuhan*
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