Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Characterization and pathogenic evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from West Azerbaijan province-Iran

Shahram Aramideh¹*, Mohammad Hassan Saferalizadeh², Ali Asghar Pourmirza², Mahmuod Rezazadeh Bari³, Mansureh Keshavarzi⁴ and Mahdi Mohseniazar⁵

¹Department of Plant Protection, institute Biotechnology, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran.

²Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran.

³Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Urmia, Urmia. Iran.

⁴Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran.

⁵Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran.

Accepted 2 June, 2016

Abstract

In order to find native strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, toxic to some agricultural pests, a survey was conducted in West Azerbaijan province. B. thuringiensis strains were isolated using acetate selection method with different concentrations. The morphology of crystals was studied using light microscopy. Bioassay tests were conducted on Culex pipiens (L.) as well as Pieris brassica (L.). Biochemical tests performed to identify the isolated strains. Based on the results, 48 B. thuringiensis strains were isolated from 740 samples. The best acetate concentration was determined as 0.25M (56.25%). Soil samples were the main source of B. thuringiensis (66%). Majority of strains (58%) had bipyramidal crystals. There was significant difference in toxicity to insects among B. thuringiensis isolates, 18.74 and 35.41% of the isolates were toxic to larvae of C. pipiens and P. brassicae, respectively, causing more than 50% mortality. B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was the most common biochemical type (12 isolates = 25%). Results indicated that B_t isolates with insecticide activity could be used in integrated pest management to control agricultural and medical pests.

Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis isolate, Culex pipiens, Pieris brassica, Insecticidal activity

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

In vitro antimicrobial activity of selected Ethiopian medicinal plants against some bacteria of veterinary importance

Yitbarek Habtamu¹, Tadesse Eguale²*, Alehegne Wubete³ and Takele Sori¹

¹College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.

²Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

³National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia.

Accepted 28 May, 2016

Abstract

Due to rapid development of resistance and high cost of the new generation antibiotics, lots of efforts are being made to discover new antimicrobial agents from different sources. In the current study aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of leaves of Jasminium abyssinicum, Myrsine africana, Foenicum vulgare and aerial part of Leonotis ocymifolia were screened for antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods. Species of bacteria that cause various diseases in domestic animals namely, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella gallinarum , Manhaemia haemolytica, Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactae were used for investigation of antibacterial activity. Except for aqueous extract of L. ocymifolia, all of the plant extracts demonstrated remarkable antibacterial activity on most of the bacterial species tested. The three highest zones of inhibition was exhibited by aqueous extracts of M. africana against S. aureus (19.5 mm), J. abyssinicum against M. haemolytica (19 mm) and F. vulgare against P. gallinarium (19 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) exhibited by the plants against test organisms varied from 10 - 1000 µg /ml. However, no plant extract has shown antibacterial effect against E. coli using both agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods at concentrations tested. Further detailed in vitro and in vivo evaluation of these medicinal plants should be carried out.

Key words: Medicinal plants, bacterial isolates, antibacterial activities, extract types.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full length Research Paper

Partial characterization of extracellular xylanolytic activity derived from Paenibacillus sp. KIJ1

Inkyung Park² and Jaiesoon Cho^1,2*

¹Department of Animal Sciences and Environment, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea.

²Animal Resources Research Center, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang- dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea.

Accepted 28 May, 2016

Abstract

An Antarctic bacterial isolate was found to exhibit the extracellular xylanolytic activity. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was named Paenibacillus sp. KIJ1. The maximum xylanase production was achieved by growing Paenibacillus sp. KIJ1 in media with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose and 0.5% yeast extract, which were found to be the best sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively. Optimal enzyme activity occurred at 50^°C and pH 6.0. The xylanase was very specific for xylan with little or no activity on other carbohydrates and synthetic aryl-glycosides substrates. Enzyme activity was enhanced by Ca²⁺, Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Mn²⁺ and strongly inhibited by SDS. The KIJ1 xylanase may offer potential for use as a microbial feed additive.

Key words: Paenibacillus sp., antarctic, xylanase, xylan, microbial.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Urinary tract infection among female students residing in the campus of the University of Ado Ekiti, Nigeria

O. O. Ojo¹ and I. I. Anibijuwon²

¹Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

²Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

Accepted 19 January, 2017

Abstract

Seven hundred and eighty (780) female students residing in the campus of the University of Ado Ekiti were examined for significant bacteria indicative of urinary tract infections. Analysis of their clean-voided, midstream urine revealed that 507 (65%) female students have significant bacteria, 146 (18.75%) indicated insignificant bacteria while 127 (16.25%) showed no growth. Fifty eight (58) bacterial isolates were obtained from samples positive for bacteria. 8 (13.8%) were sensitive to streptomycin, 7 (12.1%) to tetracycline, nitrofurantoin and ampicillin, while only 4 (6.9%) isolates were sensitive to dalacine. However, bacterial isolates obtained from this survey generally showed similar pattern of resistance to antibiotics. The fifty-eight (58) bacterial isolates were tentatively characterized into six genera. The frequencies of occurrence of the bacterial species are in the order: Escherichia coli (32.75%), Proteus sp. (17.25%), Klebsiella sp. (13.79%), Staphylococcus sp. (12.07%), Streptococcus sp. (8.63%) and Pseudomonas sp. (5.17%). However, 6 (10.34%) of the isolates were unidentified.

Key word: Female student, university campus, bacteria, antibiotics, resistance.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence of extended-spectrum b-Lactamases producing Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from stool samples collected in the Limpopo province, South Africa

J. N. Ramalivhana¹*, C. L. Obi² and S. R. Moyo¹

¹College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa.

²Academic and Research Division, Nelson Mandela Drive, Walter Sisulu University, Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Accepted 11 March, 2017

Abstract

Aeromonas producing extended-spectrum ß- lactamases (ESBLs) have been reported in many countries, but there is no information on the prevalence of ESBL-producing clinical Aeromonas in South African. A total of 230 isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila were isolated from 660 stool samples and 709 water samples collected in different municipalities in Limpopo province, South Africa over a period of three month. Isolates were screened for the production of ESBLs by the double disk diffusion test and for AmpC production by assessing resistance to cefoxitin. bla_SHV, bla_TEM , bla_CTX-M and bla_CMY-2 were isolated from all ESBL-positive and cefoxitin-resistant isolates. Only 21 isolates were found to be ESBL producers. All 21 isolates were screened for the production of bla_SHV, bla_TEM, bla_CTX-M and bla_CMY-2 ESBLs. Only (1/21) was found to produce bla_{TEM 63} and bla_CMY-2. All transconjugants were resistant to amoxicillin, piperacillin, the cephalosporins and aztreonam but remained susceptible to cefoxitin and imipenem. Crude extracts of ß-lactamase-producing transconjugants were able to reduce the diameters of inhibition zones around disks containing penicillin, but had no effect on such zones around cefoxitin, imipenem and amoxicillin-clavulanate disks. In conclusion, the occurrence of ESBLs in A .hydrophila emphasizes the importance of constant surveillance of clinical isolates to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes.

Key words: Extended-spectrum b-lactamases- Aeromonas hydrophilia , antibiotics , resistance.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Qualititative analysis of organically farmed pulse varieties using FTIR (fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy

Jyotsna Saurav¹, Neeraj Kumar¹, R. Balaji Raja¹*and D. Kantha Arunachalam²

¹Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, Kattankulathur – 603203, Tamilnadu, India.

²Center for Inter-Disciplinary Research, Directorate of research, SRM University, Kattankulathur –603203, Tamilnadu, India.

Accepted 17 May, 2016

Abstract

Organic farming is increasing in proportion every year with almost all cash crops being produced by it. Pulses also can be produced using organic farming. Four different samples of moong dhal grown by conventional farming and organic farming were collected and analyzed qualitatively using FTIR (fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy. Samples were conventional moong dhal, cheaper and easily available in market, organic white, organic green leaf and organic green complete moong dhal have been taken. Peak difference was observed in two major areas in the composition confirming the presence of additional functional group. Peaks of wavelength 2498 cm^-1 which was present in conventional moong dhal and 550 cm^-1 present in organic green leaf moong dhal showed significant difference when compared with other wavelengths as they are absent in any other of the sample. The effect of organic farming in case of moong dhal seemed to make no significant difference in their composition in comparison with the moong dhal produced by conventional faming.

Key words : Moong dhal, farming, composition, ingredients, organic.