ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The in vitro effect of vancomycin on multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus from hospital currency notes
Adegoke Anthony A. and Okoh Anthony I.
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.
Accepted 03 February, 2019
Abstract
We determined the in vitro effect of vancomycin on multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates and presumptive roles of plasmid DNA using standard microbiological procedures. A total of 32 paper naira notes from seven different hospital sections (mostly from the patients) were analyzed. Thirteen notes (40.6%) gave isolates of S. aureus and subsequent resistant range of between 62.5 and 100% to frequently prescribed antibiotics. The same set of isolates showed three (23.1%) to be susceptible and ten (76.9%) to be resistant to vancomycin. Five of the latter ten isolates produced beta lactamase and became susceptible to some of the multidisc antibiotics and vancomycin, after the plasmid curing. This presumptively reflects important role of plasmid DNA in conferring resistance to microorganisms as a means of their adaptation especially in the vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA). The increasing resistance to vancomycin could cause major problems to public health as it was often regarded as the last line of defense against nosocomial and community based S. aureus infection.
Key words: Vancomycin, multidrug, plasmid, beta lactamase, antibiotic resistance.
Okoh Anthony I., Adegoke Anthony A.
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Screening and evaluation of antiphytopathogenic activity of endophytic fungi from live foliages of Ginkgo biobla L.
Zhengyan Guo, Rimao Hua*, Yu Bai, Xiaowen Wu, Haiqun Cao, Xuede Li, Xiangwei Wu and Jun Tang
Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Agro-Food Safety, Resources and Environment College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
Twenty-four strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from 50 fresh leaves samples of Ginkgo biobla L collected using the cultivation-dependent method from the campus of Anhui agricultural university in Hefei of China. Out of 24 endophytes investigated, 12 strains can produce in vitro substances that are inhibitory to all or a few of tested phytopathogens whereas the rest yielded nothing active, while all fermented broths of endophytes showed activities against one and more tested phytopathogens. These results indicated that endophytic fungi could play an important role in protection of G. biobla L from disease as well as an excellent resource for searching for natural antifungal compounds.
Key words: Endophytic fungi, Ginkgo biobla L, antimicrobial activity.
Haiqun Cao, Rimao Hua*, Xiangwei Wu and Jun Tang, Yu Bai, Xuede Li, Xiaowen Wu, Zhengyan Guo
Page: 1 - 5
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Preparation of rabbit anti-Ganoderma sinensis immunomodulatory protein polyclonal antibody
Qizhang Li1,2, Shengbo Zheng1, Xuefei Wang1, Tingwen Bao3 and Xuanwei Zhou1*
1Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China.
2Shanghai Grain Science Research Institute, Shanghai 200136, People’s Republic of China.
3School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China.
Accepted 09 January, 2019
Abstract
Ganoderma sinensis immunomodulatory protein (FIP-gsi) was a new protein in fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) family. Based on the recombinant FIP-gsi expressed in Escherichia coli, the New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with the purity protein to prepare anti-FIP-gsi polyclonal antibody. The efficacy of polyclonal antibody was detected by ELISA and Western blot. The results showed that the anti-FIP-gsi polyclonal antibody with high efficient value and specificity has been successfully preparation, and its efficient value was 1:625,000 detected by indirect ELISA, and a special band had been observed by Western blot method. This study established a method to identify FIP-gsi by immunoblotting, and will lay a foundation for further exploring the immunologic function of FIP-gsi.
Key words: Ganoderma sinensis fugal immunomodulatory proteins (FIP-gsi), polyclonal antibody, ELISA, Western blot.
Qizhang Li, Xuefei Wang, Tingwen Bao and Xuanwei Zhou*, Shengbo Zheng
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Renal tissue damage due to Eimeria coecicola infection in rabbits
Mahmoud S. Metwaly1, Mohamed A. Dkhil1,2* and Saleh Al-Quraishy1
1Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2455, Riyadh- 11451, Saudi Arabia.
2Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Coccidiosis causes considerable economic loss in the poultry industry. The study was designed to investigate the induced damage in renal tissue of rabbits infected with Eimeria coecicola sporulated oocysts. Animals were divided into two groups. The first group acted as the non-infected control group while the second group was infected with 50,000 E. coecicola sporulated oocysts. Infection which induced a weight loss and rabbits output were approximately 1.2 billion oocysts/g faeces on day 7 postinfection. Histological examinations revealed that the renal tissues of the infected animals were damaged, where the urinary space appeared wider, and some kidney tubule cells were vacuolated and the nuclei appeared to be slightly swollen than normal. Both carbohydrates and protein content in the infected renal tissue were reduced. Also, the level of both of urea and glucose in blood plasma were elevated due to infection with E. coecicola sporulated oocysts and reached 25.7 ± 1.1 and 143.8 ± 7.1 mg/dl, respectively. The results obtained from this study suggest that E. coecicola infection induced renal tissue damage.
Key words: Coccidiosis, renal tissue, rabbit.
Mahmoud S. Metwaly, Mohamed A. Dkhil* and Saleh Al-Quraishy
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-011, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Statistical optimization of cultural conditions for chitinase production from shrimp shellfish waste by Alternaria alternata
Khaled M. Ghanem1,2*, Fahad A. Al-Fassi1 and Reem M. Farsi1
1Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
2Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Alternaria alternata, a local isolate from fishery polluted soil, was used successfully for the biodegradation of shrimp shellfish waste in favor of the production of highly active chitinase enzyme. Chitinase production was noticeably influenced by the culture medium and the highest enzyme production was attained through the log growth phase (96 h). Pronounced increase in chitinase production was concomitant with the finest waste size. Stagnant culture conditions were more adequate than shake cultures. Statistically based experimental designs were applied to optimize the production of chitinase by A. alternata. Plackett-Burman factorial design revealed that concentrations of glucose, MnSO4.H2O and CoCl2 were the most significant factors affecting the process of enzyme production. Maximum enzyme activity (8.12 U/min), which is approximately 1.8 folds the activity expressed in the basal medium, has been assayed at concentrations (g/l): glucose, 9; MnSO4.2H2O, 3.2 and CoCl2, 2, after only 90 h of fermentation, when the second optimization step of Box-Behnken design was applied. The crude chitinase was characterized and maximum activity (19.53 U/min) was attained in reaction mixture of 50°C incubation temperature, 1.5 ml crude enzyme, 0.5 ml of 1% colloidal chitin, pH5 and reaction time of 10 min. The enzyme is thermostable and lost 20% of its activity when heated at 60°C for 60 min. The effect of metal ions in enzyme activity revealed that the enzyme have specific requirement of Ca and K ions for its activity. The results indicated that A. alternata is highly efficient fungus to produce highly active chitinase when grown in statistically optimized medium containing shrimp shellfish waste.
Key words: Alternaria alternate, chitinase, shellfish, statistical optimization.
Khaled M. Ghanem*, Fahad A. Al-Fassi and Reem M. Farsi
Page: 1 - 11
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Estimation of genetic parameter in Iranian Holstein crossbred dairy cattle
Ghorbani A.1*, S. Miraii Ashtiani2, Salamatdoust Noubr1, Agdam shahriar H.1 and Nikzad S.1
1Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, Iran.
2Department of Animal Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 07 January, 2019
Abstract
The performance of Holstein × Indigenous (H×I) crossbred dairy cattle in Iran was considered between 1991 and 2003. Milk, fat yield and fat percentage traits were considered in this research. Variance components were estimated using animal model (single trait) and derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood method for different traits. Crossbred animals with 50 to 70% of Holstein gene ratio have shown higher performance. The average performances for the mentioned traits were 2722.68, 122.97 and 3.97%, respectively. The estimation of the heritability for milk yield, fat yield, and fat percentage were 0.332, 0.3277 and 0.145. The research results showed that production potential has been increased by crossbreeding.
Key word: Genetic parameter, crossbreeding, Holstein.
S. Miraii Ashtiani, Salamatdoust Noubr, Ghorbani A.*, Agdam shahriar H and Nikzad S
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