ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A new manometric method for measuring carbon dioxide production by dairy starter culture: A case of Leuconostoc mesenteroides
Mebrouk KIHAL1*, Jamal Eddine HENNI1, Hérvé PREVOST2 and Charles DIVIÈS2
1Laboratoire de Microbiologie-Appliquée, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université d’Oran, Bp 16 Es-sénia, Oran, 31100 Algérie.
2Laboratoire de Microbiologie- Biotechnologie, ENSBANA,1 esplanade Erasme, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France.
Accepted 26 August, 2005
Abstract
This paper describe a technique for carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement based on the displacement of acidifying liquid in burette at constant pressure. It was adapted to allow the growth of Leuconostoc sp. on semi-synthetic media and milk. A highly precise measurement was obtained using the chemical reaction of sodium carbonate with hydrochloric acid. This method has been proven to present an excellent linear response from 0 to 0.895 mM of CO2 with a high sensitivity. With cultures in milk medium, kinetics of CO2 evolved by Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum L4 were higher than L. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides 19D and L. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris Ec195 grown on milk.. The use of L. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum L4 and their variants Lac(-)Cit(+), Lac(+)Cit(-) and Lac(-)Cit(-) showed that the CO2 production correlated to the substrate utilization. The curve of CO2 measured was close to the amount of CO2 calculated from lactose and citrate used. The CO2 production rate was higher with the parental strain (6.5 mM/ h) than with the variants. The amount of CO2 produced was always close to the theoritical value, and was also correlated to the growth rate and substrates utilization by L. mesenteroides. The volume of CO2 produced by Leuconostoc in milk was highly correlated with the D-lactate production (r= 0.995). This method could be used routinely for the evaluation and the selection of bacteria having potential ability for CO2 production.
Key words: Leuconostoc sp., CO2 production, lactic acid, milk.
Mebrouk KIHAL*, Hérvé PREVOST and Charles DIVIÈS, Jamal Eddine HENNI
Page: 1 - 10
Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Review
Is there any phylogenetic relationship between teleosts and the elasmobranchs?
M NE Dosay-Akbulut
Afyon Kocatepe Üniversity, Veterinary Faculty, Medical Biology and Genetics Department, AFYON/TURKEY. Phone: 00902722281311/148. . E-Mail: [email protected].
Accepted 3 January, 2006
Abstract
There is still disagreement with regard to identifying the sister group of the tetrapods? Different hypotheses were suggested for this relationship. The aim of this article was to present and summarize some of these studies, which were based on the possible phylogenetic relationship between Chondrichtyes and land vertebrates (tetrapods).
Key words: Phylogenetic, relationship, Chondrichthyes and tetrapods.
M NE Dosay-Akbulut
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Microbial growth and substrate utilization kinetics
G.C. Okpokwasili1* and C.O. Nweke2
1Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B.5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
2Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria
Accepted 29 November, 2005
Abstract
Microbial growth on and utilization of environmental contaminants as substrates have been studied by many researchers. Most times, substrate utilization results in removal of chemical contaminant, increase in microbial biomass and subsequent biodegradation of the contaminant. These are all aimed at detoxification of the environmental pollutants. Several microbial growth and biodegradation kinetic models have been developed, proposed and used in bioremediation schemes. Some of these models include Monod’s, Andrews, Bungay’s weighted model, general substrate inhibition models (GSIM) and sum kinetic models. Most research on microbial potentials to degrade chemical pollutants has been performed on a laboratory scale. There is a need to extend such studies to pilot scale as well as to full-scale field applications.
Key words: Microbial growth, substrate utilization, biodegradation, kinetics, detoxification, organic contaminants, models, environmental pollutants.
G.C. Okpokwasili*, C.O. Nweke
Page: 1 - 10
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Fungal enrichment of cassava peels proteins
Obadina A.O.1*, Oyewole O.B.2 Sanni .L. O, 3 and Abiola S. S.4
1Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Technology, P.M.B 1015 Ota, Ogun State., Nigeria.
2Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Ogun State, Nigeria.
3Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta P.M.B.2240, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Accepted 12 December, 2005
Abstract
About 60% of the cassava produced all over the world is used for human consumption. These peels waste were found to contain 42.6% carbohydrate, 1.6% protein, 12.1% ether extract, 5.0% total ash and 22.5% crude fibre. With the advent of biotechnology approaches, there are opportunities for economic utilization of agro-industrial residues such as cassava peels waste. The Microorganisms isolated from the fermenting cassava waste were Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and A. fumigatus. These and Trichoderma sp. from soil were studied for their ability to increase the protein content of cassava peels waste.
Keywords: Cassava peels, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus.
Oyewole O.B Sanni .L. O and Abiola S. S, Obadina A.O*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Coagulants modulate the hypocholesterolemic effect of tofu (coagulated soymilk)
Ganiyu Oboh
Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected].
*Present Address (till 12th December, 2005): Departamento de Quimica (Bioquimica Toxicologica), Centro de Ciencas Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitario-Camobi, 97105 - 900 Santa Maria RS, Brazil.
Accepted 31 August, 2005
Abstract
The recent increase in soymilk and tofu (coagulated soymilk) consumption especially in western countries is due to the recognition of the health benefits of soy foods. The amount and the type of coagulated biomolecules (such as isoflavones) vary with the type of coagulant, and this will inevitable alter their biological activity. This study sought to assess the effect of some coagulants (calcium chloride, alum and steep water from pap production) commonly use in the production of tofu in Nigeria on the serum cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) level in albino rats fed tofu for 14 days. The result of the study revealed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the tofu yield (17.6 – 18.3%), however steep water (12.0 g/kg) had a significantly higher (P<0.05) total phenol content than tofu produced using other coagulants (8.0 – 9.0 g/kg). Furthermore, feeding albino rats with tofu and water AD LIBITUM for 14 days caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the serum cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, while there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the average daily feed intake of the rats. Conversely, there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the serum high-density lipoproteins when compared with the control. However, rats fed steep water-coagulated tofu had the lowest serum level of cholesterol and LDL followed by those fed CaCl2 and alum coagulated tofu. Those fed with calcium chloride-coagulated tofu had the highest serum HDL level, closely followed by those fed steep water-coagulated tofu. It was therefore concluded that of all the coagulants, steep water appeared to be the most promising coagulant with regard to the production of tofu with high hypocholesterolemic effect base on the low serum cholesterol, LDL and high HDL.
Key words: Coagulant, soymilk, tofu, phenol, HDL, LDL, cholesterol.
Ganiyu Oboh
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Purification and biochemical properties of a new thermostable xylanase from symbiotic fungus, Termitomyces sp.
Betty Meuwiah Faulet1, Sébastien Niamké2,*, Jean Tia Gonnety1 and Lucien Patrice Kouamé1
1Laboratoire de Biochimie et Technologie des Aliments de l’Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments de l’Université d’Abobo-Adjamé, 02, BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire.
2Laboratoire de Biotechnologies, Filière Biochimie-Microbiologie de l’Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Biosciences de l’Université de Cocody-Abidjan, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.
Accepted 6 December, 2005
Abstract
A xylanase was purified from symbotic fungus, Termitomyces sp. by chromatography on columns of DEAE-Sepharose, CM-Sepharose, gel filtration and Phenyl-Sepharose. The preparation was shown to be homogenous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme displayed two protein bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its molecular mass was estimated to 80-87 kDa. The xylanase exhibited maximum activity at 65-70°C and at pH 5.6, but it retained more than 80% of its activity in the pH range 5.0-6.0. The enzyme was stable for a long time-period up to 50°C and for 1 h at 60°C. Although the xylanase had a lower carboxymethylcellulase activity, it lacked activity towards substituted xylan, xylobiose, inulin, starch, polygalacturonic acid or pNP-glycosides. Kinetic parameters indicated higher efficiency in the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan and birchwood xylan. The xylanase activity was stimulated by K+, Mn2+ and dithiol-reducing agents and was sensitive to Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+ and detergent agents. The enzymatic activity was observed in presence of urea up to a 1% (w/v) concentration. The enzyme could also be used in the presence of organic solvents such as acetone or dioxane (5%, v/v) without loss of activity.
Key words: Xylanase, Thermostable Termitomyces sp., Macrotermes subhyalinus, Termitidae.
Betty Meuwiah Faulet, Sébastien Niamké*, Jean Tia Gonnety and Lucien Patrice Kouamé
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