ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Application of phytodisinfectants in water purification in rural Cameroon
K. A. Yongabi1*, D. M. Lewis1 and P. L. Harris2
1School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, South Australia.
2School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia.
Accepted 11 November, 2018
Abstract
Findings from a preliminary lab-scale study show strong potentials of phytodisinfectants as a low-cost, appropriate and ecological alternative technology in purifying water in rural Cameroon. A survey of plants used in water purification in Bamenda, Cameroon, indicated that there are many plants used in water treatment. A rapid screening on the coagulative and disinfection potential of four most frequently used plants was carried out on; Moringa oleifera, Jatropha curcas, calyx of Hibiscus sabdarifa, sclerotium of Pleurotus tuberregium against their crude methanol extracts, aluminum sulphate and sodium hypochlorite controls on turbid surface water samples. A beaker experiment with varying weights (0.5 to 5 g) of dried pulverized plant materials and alum (control) were placed in 200 ml each of the three-turbid water samples and left for thirty minutes retention time. A 95% reduction in bacterial loads of the water samples by M. oleifera in fifteen minutes residence time was observed. J. curcas seeds, as well as H. sabdarifa calyx also reduced the bacterial loads between 75 to 90%. All the plant extracts except P. tuberregium inhibited an Escherichia coli isolate from the turbid water with highest zone of inhibition (15 mm) recorded for M. oleifera seed extract. The inhibition zones produced by three of the plant extracts were comparable to aluminum sulphate (6 mm) and sodium hypochlorite (17 mm). Crude methanol extracts from M. oleifera seeds, J. curcas seeds and H. sabdariffa calyx used directly on turbid water drastically reduced the total aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts far more than the unextracted plant powders. The turbidity of both phytodisinfectant and alum treated water samples drastically reduced while no turbidity reduction was observed with sodium hypochlorite treated water samples. The pH of alum treated water was observed to decrease from neutral to 5.0 while pH of phytocoagulant treated water was 7.0. This report suggest that M. oleifera seeds, J. curcas seeds and calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa posses both phytodisinfectant and phytocoagulant property in water purification. Scerotium of P. tuberregium poses only phytocoagulant (mycocoagulant) activity. Plant materials can be used as phytocoagulants and phytodisinfectants in treating turbid water and can be applied in wastewater treatment. Further studies on the application of Phytodisinfectants in domestic water purification, especially the phytodisinfection potentials of M. oleifera are exigent.
Key words: Phytodisinfectants, phytobiotechnology, phytocoagulants, bacteria turbid water, plants, Moringa oleifera, Cameroon.
K. A. Yongabi*, D. M. Lewis and P. L. Harris
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and associated risk factors for bacteriuria in diabetic women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Eligius F. Lyamuya1, Sabrina John Moyo 1*, Ewaldo V. Komba2 and Martin Haule1
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
2Department of Internal medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Accepted 18 January, 2019
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur frequently among women with diabetes. The present study aimed at determining prevalence and risk factors of bacteriuria in diabetic women and antimicrobial resistance pattern of the isolates at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Dar es Salaam. Three hundred diabetic women attending clinic at MNH from June to November 2010 were included in the study. Demographic and clinical information were collected using a structured questionnaire. Urine specimens were collected for urinalysis, microscopy, culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Significant, asymptomatic and symptomatic bacteriuria was found in 13.7% (41/300), 13.4% (31/231), and 14.5% (10/69) diabetic women, respectively. The isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (39.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.0%), coagulase negative Staphylococci (14.65) and Proteus spp. (12.2%). Both Gram positive and negative bacteria showed high rate of resistance towards co-trimoxazole (55.6% and 50.0%, respectively). Gram negative bacteria showed high rate of resistance to ampicillin (62.55%), penicillin (53.1%) and moderate resistance to cefotaxime (18.8%). Advanced age and glycosuria were significantly associated with bacteriuria (P < 0.05). E. coli was the commonest aetiological agent for both symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria among diabetic women, especially those with advanced age and glycosuria. Most uropathogens were resistant to co-trimoxazole, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin.
Key words: Diabetes mellitus, bacteriuria, antimicrobial resistance.
Eligius F. Lyamuya, Sabrina John Moyo*, Ewaldo V. Komba and Martin Haule
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
In vitro effect of tigecycline against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a review of the available drugs for tuberculosis
Ahmet Yilmaz Coban1*, Aydin Deveci2, Yeliz Tanriverdi Cayci1, Meltem Uzun3, Alper Akgunes4 and Belma Durupinar1
1Department of Medical Microbiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Medical School, Samsun, Turkey.
2Ondokuz Mayis University, Medical School, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Samsun, Turkey.
3Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.
4Samsun Chest Diseases Hospital, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Samsun, Turkey.
Accepted 17 January, 2019
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a novel antibiotic drug tigecycline on clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and, reviewing defined anti-tuberculosis effects of available agents. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tigecycline for 50 M. tuberculosis including multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates (20 MDR isolates) was determined by broth microdilution method in the study. Tigecycline MIC values were ranging between 8 and 64 µg/ml. However, there is not any defined break point for M. tuberculosis resistance. In conclusion, it seems that the in vitro effectiveness of tigecycline to M. tuberculosis is not good but further in vivo studies are needed.
Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tigecycline.
Yeliz Tanriverdi Cayci, Ahmet Yilmaz Coban*, Alper Akgunes and Belma Durupinar, Aydin Deveci, Meltem Uzun
Page: 1 - 5
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
A study on comparative pharmacological efficacy of Berberis lycium and penicillin G
Ihtisham Bukhari1*, Mukhtiar Hassan1, Fida M. Abbasi1, Ghulam Mujtaba2, Nasir Mahmood3, Noshin1, Anees Fatima1, Muhammad Afzal1, Mujaddad Ur Rehman1, Farzana Perveen1 and M. Tariq Khan1
1Hazara University, Garden Campus Mansehra Pakistan.
2PCR labs INMOL Lahore, Pakistan.
3Department of Allied Health sciences, University of Health sciences Lahore, Pakistan.
Accepted 04 January, 2019
Abstract
The importance of medicinal plants in traditional healthcare practices provides opportunity to new areas of research. However, information on the uses of plants for medicine is lacking from many interior areas of District Mansehra. Keeping this in view, the present study was initiated. This study attempts to shade lights on the comparative pharmacological efficacy of Berberis lycium (medicinal plant) and drug penicillin G. The pharmacological activities of both the B. lycium and penicillin G were determined by disc diffusion method with incubation period of 24 to 48 h at 37°C. It was observed that, B. lycium showed excellent activity against the tested microorganism, Escherichia coli and Proteus (80 to 100%) and good activities against the tested microorganisms pseudomonas and staphylococcus (60 to 70%). While penicillin G showed excellent activity against all tested microorganisms. It is recommended that, B. lycium can be used for the treatment of diseases caused by tested microorganisms because of its excellent and good activity. It is also observed that, B. lycium do not have any adverse effect on those people who have this in long practice.
Key words: Berberis lycium, penicillin G, disc diffusion, pharmacological activity.
Ghulam Mujtaba, Mukhtiar Hassan, Ihtisham Bukhari*, Fida M. Abbasi, Farzana Perveen and M. Tariq Khan, Anees Fatima, Nasir Mahmood, Mujaddad Ur Rehman, Muhammad Afzal, Noshin
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-010, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Cloning, codon-optimized expression and homology modeling of structural protein VP1 from foot and mouth disease virus
Xin-sheng Liu, Yong-lu Wang*, Yong-guang Zhang, Yu-zhen Fang, Li Pan, Jian-liang Lü, Peng Zhou, Zhong-wang Zhang, Cheng Qi-wei, Gang Wang, Ji-wei Wang, Hui Lou and Shou-tian Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046,China.
Accepted 17 January, 2019
Abstract
Structural protein VP1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the most frequently studied protein due to its significant roles in virus attachment, protective immunity, and serotype specificity. The coding sequence of VP1was amplified and then identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. To achieve high-level expression of VP1 protein, we optimized VP1 gene base on Escherichia coli preferred codons and synthesized the optimized gene. The synthetical gene was cloned into the fusion expression vector pET-28a and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). After induced with Isopropyl -D-1-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and optimized the conditions of expression, the VP1 fusion protein was highly expressed and identified in inclusion bodies by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Based on the primary and secondary structure analysis of VP1, Three-dimensional structure of VP1 was developed by homology modeling methods. The validation of 3-D structure was done with the help of PROCHECK encompassing amino acid residues in the most favored region of almost all strains. Potential epitopes of VP1 was predicted with different methods. In this study, the VP1 protein was expressed in E. coli efficiently and highly purified VP1 was obtained, which laid a foundation of refolding and further study on activity of the protein. The VP1 model in the productive conformation can now be used for structure-based design purposes as well as structure-function relation of VP1 protein.
Key words: Foot-and-mouth disease virus, VP1 protein, codon optimization, homology modeling.
Yong-guang Zhang, Peng Zhou, Yong-lu Wang*, Zhong-wang Zhang, Gang Wang, Ji-wei Wang, Xin-sheng Liu, Cheng Qi-wei, Hui Lou and Shou-tian Jiang, Yu-zhen Fang, Li Pan, Jian-liang Lü
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Degradation of purine ribonucleosides by extracts of Penicillium viridicatum
Ali M. Elshafei*, Latifa A. Mohamed and Mohamed M. Hassan
Department of Microbial Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Accepted 12 January, 2019
Abstract
Cell-free extracts of nitrate-grown Penicillium viridicatum could catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of N-glycosidic bond of adenosine, guanosine and inosine to the corresponding base and ribose by a ribonucleoside hydrolase; however, there is no evidence for the degradation of these compounds through phosphorylation. The rate of hydrolysis of the three ribonucleosides was in the order inosine> guanosine> adenosine. It was proven that adenosine hydrolyzing enzyme is not associated with the cell membrane. Maximum enzyme activity was observed at pH 4 and 50°C. Heat inactivation kinetics and the effect of the nature of the buffer on enzyme activity revealed that, the cleavage of the three purine ribonucleosides is affected by one intracellular nucleoside hydrolase. It was proven experimentally that, all the metal ions tested had a remarkable inhibitory effect on the activity of the ribonucleoside hydrolase. Results obtained indicate that extracts of P. viridicatum catalyzed the conversion of guanosine into guanine and ribose by a nucleoside hydrolase and the resulting guanine was then deaminated to xanthine by an inducible guanine deaminase. In addition, xanthosine was not split into ribose and xanthine by the same extracts under the same experimental conditions and even at different pH values of the reaction mixture.
Key words: Purine ribonucleosides, adenosine, guanosine, inosine, hydrolase, Penicillium viridicatum.
Ali M. Elshafei*, Latifa A. Mohamed and Mohamed M. Hassan
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