ISSN 2736-1756
Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Chromobacterium violaceum infection in China: Three case reports and literature reviews
Tai Ma1, Wei Shi3, Jun Cheng1, Jian-Kang Zhang1, Li-Fen Hu1, Ying Ye1,2 and Jia-Bin Li1,2*
1Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
2Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, 230022, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
3Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060; China.
Accepted 22 January, 2019
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum, Gram-negative Bacillus, is a common inhabitant of soil and stagnant water found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is a rare cause of severe, often fatal, human disease. In the report, 3 cases of patients infected with C. violaceum were described in Anhui Province, China. Routine and bacteriological investigations were carried out to establish the aetiological diagnosis. Moreover, the patients were treated with appropriate antimicrobial agents and auxiliary therapy. To our knowledge, a total of 42 cases have been reported previously from Chinese mainland in the recent 20 years, with a review of the literatures.
Key words: Chromobacterium violaceum, infection, China.
Jian-Kang Zhang, Li-Fen Hu, Wei Shi, Ying Ye and Jia-Bin Li*, Tai Ma, Jun Cheng
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
RepC as a negative copy number regulator is involved in the maintenance of pJB01 homeostasis
Sam Woong Kim1, Ho Young Kang2, Sang Wan Gal3, Kwang-Keun Cho4 and Jeong Dong Bahk5*
1Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, 150 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-758, Korea.
2Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
3Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology,
150 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-758, Korea.
4Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, 150 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-758, Korea.
5Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
Accepted 15 February, 2019
Abstract
The plasmid pJB01 contains a single operon consisting of three orfs, copA, repB and repC cistrons. The operon, also called repABC operon, starts transcription at T695 or A696 on the pJB01 genetic map. CopA (called RepA in pMV158 family) or ctRNA (counter-transcript RNA) of this plasmid play roles as a repressor of RepB, a replication initiator, on the transcriptional and translational level, respectively. RepC did not bind 73 bp PCR product including three tandem repeats (5′-CAACAAA-3′), the binding sites for RepB and any other regions on pJB01. However, when RepB and RepC were added simultaneously in the reaction mixture for gel mobility shift assay, unexpectedly, three kinds of retarded bands were observed. It suggests that RepC can interact with RepB by protein-protein interaction. In addition, the copy numbers of RepC-deleted pJB01 ermC (erythromycin-resistant methylase C) plasmids are increased 1.37-1.45 folds when compared with that of parent pJB01 ermC. From these, it could be proposed that RepC plays a role as a negative regulator to modify RepB function in the initiation of pJB01 replication, and therefore, the copy number of pJB01 is maintained via mutual global regulation of various replication factors, such as CopA, ctRNA, RepB and RepC.
Key words: pJB01, repABC operon, replication initiator, RepC, global regulation.
Ho Young Kang, Sang Wan Gal, Sam Woong Kim, Kwang-Keun Cho and Jeong Dong Bahk*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Improving the efficiency of involved bacteria in aeration tanks of waste water stations
Abou-Seada, M. N. I.1,3*, Al-assal, S.2,3 and Abdalla, S. M.2,3
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
2Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt.
3Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University K. Saudi Arabian.
Accepted 15 February, 2019
Abstract
Advanced bioremediation in waste water and sewage treatments currently represents one of the important aspects of biotechnology. The removal of pathogenic microorganisms, complex hydrocarbons, heavy metals and nutrients were intensively investigated. The present work aims to improve the efficiency of involved bacteria in aeration tanks for maximizing mineralization process of organic substances and consequently reduce the time of the treatment process. Other target is the elimination of nutrients (N & P) to avoid their environmental and hazardous effects. In order to achieve these goals, isolation and identification of dominant microflora in aeration tanks were carried out and highly active strains were selected. Trails are newly done for hybridization or cloning one or more of dominant strains to increase their oxidizing efficiency. A pilot experiment was established in a green house to stimulate biological stage of municipal plant and to test the achieved genetically modified strains (Modell experiment). Also, monthly data were recorded of 20 parameters to highlight and controlling input and output of wastewater station of Taif city. Biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) clearly decreased in out fluent indicating lower organic load. The decrease of total organic carbon (TOC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS) assured the previous obtained data. Presence of large amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the out fluent means the efficiency of aeration pumping process. Nitrate content (NO3-) and nitrite content (NO2-) were sharply decreased in the out fluent indicating the higher requirement of H-acceptors. NH3 (ammonia content) decrease, however total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) increase were due to intensive microbial bodies load. Total hardness (TH) decrease, which means lower conc. of Ca++ and Mg++ and better quality of output water. pH values were slightly decreased because of microbial acidic products. Turbidity was dramatically reduced because of different precipitation process. Phosphorous (P) content and Sulfate (SO4 =) content decreased indicating consumption or fixion in microflora bodies. Otherwise, chloride (Cl-) content were increased in outfluent because of chlorination process. Oil and grease were quite reduced in the outfluent. Finally, different heavy metals and hydrocarbons were found in the limit or lower than the permit levels globally. Total microbial count increased considerably in outfluent, especially in summer months; however, fermentative bacteria were very low because of enough O2 present in outfluent. Only 15 strains of 280 isolates (about 5.4%) were found to be highly active in mineralizing organic substances which were completely identified. The most active one was used to modify the dominant strains by cloning technology and reinoculated in the pilot experiment
Key words: Waste water bioremediation, sewage microflora, mineralization of organic pollutants, eutrofication phenomena, microbial cloning, ligation reaction.
S and Abdalla S. M, Al-assal , Abou-Seada M. N. I*
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Outer membrane vesicle of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B as an adjuvant in immunization of rabbit against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A
Seyed Davar Siadat1,2, Saied Reza Naddaf 3, Mehrangiz Zangeneh4, Arfa Moshiri 5, Seyed Mehdi Sadat1, Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani1, Mohammad Hassan Pouriayevali1, Safieh Amini1 and Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi1*
1Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Bacterial Vaccines and Antigen Production, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
3Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
4Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
5Department of Biotechnology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 13 February, 2019
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B outer membrane vesicle (OMV) was revealed to be an efficient carrier for polysaccharide antigens such as capsular antigens. Also, OMV of N. meningitidis was shown to be able to induce high levels of antibodies when applied as an adjuvant for T-independent antigens. In this study OMV was used as an adjuvant with group A meningococcal capsular polysaccharide (GAMP) and tested in New zealand white rabbits to evaluate bactericidal antibody response and opsonophagocytosis activity against serogroup A meningococci. Non- covalent combination of OMV and GAMP and three controls including GAMP, OMV and normal saline were injected intramuscularly into groups of four female New Zealand rabbits with boosters on days 14 and 28 after primary immunization. The serum samples were collected on days 0, 14, 28 and 42 and tested by complement mediated bactericidal assay and opsonophagocytosis activity against serogroup A meningococci according to the world health organization protocol. The results indicate that the combination of OMV with GAMP, in noncovalent form, would be able to induce a high level of bactericidal antibody and opsonophagocytosis activity response in comparison with GAMP alone after 42 days (P< 0.05) . The OMV of N. meningitidis showed to be a potent carrier protein in the induction of immune system but in this article the role of OMV is studied as an adjuvant to promote immune system in non-covalent form and without any conjugation process in order to induce immune response against three prevalent serogroups of N. meningitidis.
Key words: OMV, Adjuvant, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, Bactericidal activity.
Safieh Amini and Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi*, Arfa Moshiri, Saied Reza Naddaf, Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani, Mohammad Hassan Pouriayevali, Mehrangiz Zangeneh, Seyed Mehdi Sadat, Seyed Davar Siadat
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The bactericidal and fungicidal effects of salicid on pathogenic organisms involved in hospital infections
S. M. E. Rahman, Joong Hyun Park and Deog-Hwan Oh*
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
Accepted 15 March, 2019
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate bactericidal and fungicidal actions of salicid (pH: 6.7, ORP: 760 mV, residual chlorine of 2 to 5 ppm) on hospital infections. Four of the most common opportunistic pathogens (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Rhizopus oryzae, and Aspergillus fumigatus) were used for this study. Cultures were inoculated in 9 mL of salicid and incubated for 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 min at room temperature (23 ± 2°C). A dipping method was followed for this study. Untreated pathogens were treated as control. Compared to the untreated control, a reduction of 1.10 to 6.08 log10 CFU/mL for aforementioned pathogens were recorded as the result of treatment with 2 and 5 ppm salicid, respectively. The highest bactericidal effect was found with S. aureus for 5 ppm salicid with 0.5 min immerse time. Salicid treatment with 0.5 min dipping and 5 ppm residual chlorine also reduced K. pneumoniae, R. oryzae, and A. fumigatus by 5.00, 3.50 and 2.63 log10 CFU/mL, respectively. Our findings showed that in each pathogen, efficacy of salicid decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increased dipping time, from 0.5 to 10 min and there was significant difference (p < 0.05) observed between 2 and 5 ppm salicid treatment in reducing pathogens. The results indicate that salicid may be a useful disinfectant for hospital infections, but its clinical application has still to be evaluated.
Key words: Salicid, bactericidal and fungicidal effect, hospital infections.
S. M. E. Rahman, Joong Hyun Park and Deog-Hwan Oh*
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Utilization of kitchen waste for the production of green thermoplastic polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Cupriavidus necator CCGUG 52238
Farah Nadia Omar, Nor’Aini Abdul Rahman*, Halimatun Saadiah Hafid, Tabassum Mumtaz, Phang Lai Yee and Mohd Ali Hassan
Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Accepted 11 March, 2019
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was produced by Cupriavidus necator CCGUG 52238 using organic acids from fermented kitchen waste. HPLC and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses revealed that the acid comprised mainly of lactic and acetic acids. In shake flask culture, the lactic acid concentration above 10 g/L inhibited both cell growth and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production. The PHB production by the strain was achieved at the highest PHB content of 52.79% in batch fermentation using the kitchen-waste derived organic acids. The PHB yield and productivity were 0.38 g/g and 0.065 g/L/h, respectively. In fed-batch culture, about 4-fold increase in PHB productivity (0.242 g/L/h) was achieved by applying intermittent feeding strategy.
Key words: Cupriavidus necator CCGUG 52238, kitchen waste, organic acids, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB).
Nor’Aini Abdul Rahman*, Farah Nadia Omar, Halimatun Saadiah Hafid, Phang Lai Yee and Mohd Ali Hassan, Tabassum Mumtaz
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