ISSN 2736-1756
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-003, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the Chinese white wax scale Ericerus pela Chavannes (Homopetera: Coccidae)
Pu Yang1, Jiaying Zhu2, Xiaoming Chen1* and Meng Li1
1Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, The Key laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China.
2Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Conservation Biology, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China.
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
Eight microsatellite loci were isolated using an enrichment protocol from Ericerus pela Chavannes, representing the first microsatellite loci available for the white wax scale. All loci were polymorphic within E. pela. Allele numbers range from six to eleven with the observed heterozygosity (HO) ranging from 0.0000 to 1.0000. These primers screened in this study provide a foundation for population genetic studies of the white wax scale.
Key words: Microsatellite marker, white wax scale, population genetic.
Xiaoming Chen* and Meng Li, Jiaying Zhu, Pu Yang
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Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-003, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
A note on hierarchy evolutionary game
Xiao-xing Liu
School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R., China. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Stochastic evolutionary game dynamics in hierarchy are very popular in economics and in management sciences. This study extends the model of stochastic evolutionary game dynamics. This paper highlights hierarchy selection model and we show that the hierarchy selection games are more stable without structures in this paper. Furthermore, an example in industrial organization is given to rationally explain the theory in this work.
Key words: Fitness, fixation probability, invasion, game theory, economics, hierarchy, evolutionary game.
Xiao-xing Liu
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Potential of Beauveria bassiana as a biological control agent against two important and destructive stored pests’ C. maculatus and S. granarius adults
Golnaz Shams1*, Mohammad Hassan Safaralizadeh2, Sohrab Imani1, Mahmoud Shojai1 and Shahram Aramideh2
1Department of Entomology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran.
Accepted 03 Jaunary, 2019
Abstract
This research was carried out to evaluate the suppressive efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana against adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Sitophilus granarius (L.) on stored grains in darkness (27±2°C and 65±5% RH) . The insects were inoculated by following immersion in five aqueous suspensions with concentrations determined with preliminary tests and compared with untreated wheat and cowpea as control. Probit analysis showed that the lowest LT 50 values in suspensions with highest concentrations (2.3 × 107 conidia ml-1) were 6.63 and 10.45 days for C. maculatus and S. granarius, respectively. On the other hand, the LC50 values on day 9 post-treatment were 3.17 × 106 and 6.08 × 107 con.ml-1 for C. maculatus and S. granarius, respectively. Comparison of Lc50, LT 50 values and mortalities indicated that in both assays, B. bassiana was consistently more virulent for C. maculatus than S. granarius. The overall results showed that these two pests were controlled successfully with entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana.
Key words: Callosobruchus maculatus, Beauveria bassiana, Sitophilus granarius, stored grain.
Mohammad Hassan Safaralizadeh, Sohrab Imani, Mahmoud Shojai and Shahram Aramideh, Golnaz Shams*
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-010, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Surface display of multi-epitopes synthetic gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on Salmonella typhi Ty21a using a pgsA anchor protein
Badrul S. M. Zainuddin1*, Mustaffa Musa2 and Zainul F. Zainuddin3
1Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian Kelantan, Malaysia.
3School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
We have developed a recombinant Salmonella typhi Ty21a vaccine candidate (rSTvacIII) displaying a multi-epitopes mycobacterial antigen called the VacIII (containing ubiquitin and 4 immunogenic mycobacterial epitopes of ESAT-6, PhoS1, Hsp 16.3 and MTB 8.4 genes) on the surface of S. typhi Ty21a (Ty21a) using PgsA protein as a carrier. The expression of VacIII protein on the surface of Ty21a was verified by western blot. Immunization in BALB/c mice with rSTvacIII induced strong Th1-type responses based on high level of in vitro IFN- but low IL-4 secretion. Since the protective immunity against tuberculosis is mediated by Th1-type response, the rSTvacIII have potential as effective vaccine candidate against tuberculosis.
Key words: VacIII antigen, PgsA anchoring motif, tuberculosis, Salmonella typhi Ty21a.
Mustaffa Musa and Zainul F. Zainuddin, Badrul S. M. Zainuddin*
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Virucidal activity of green propolis against avipoxvirus in chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs
Camila O. Vilela1, Geferson Fischer1*, Clarissa C. de Castro1, Cristina F. Nunes1, Silvia O. Hübner1, Margarida B. Raffi2, Simone E. Salles2, Marcos A. Anciuti3 and Gilberto D. Vargas1
1Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – CP 354 –96010-900 – Pelotas – RS – Brasil.
2Departamento de Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – CP 354 –96010-900 – Pelotas – RS – Brasil.
3Conjunto Agrotécnico Visconde da Graça, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – CP 354 – 96010-900 – Pelotas– RS – Brasil.
Accepted 07 January, 2019
Abstract
Recent pandemics caused by virus like influenzavirus (H1N1, H5N1) reaffirm the importance of studies aiming at obtaining new virucidal and/or antiviral substances, once its prolonged use can lead to resistance to the active principles. Green propolis, which has several scientifically proven bioactive properties, was evaluated in this study as an ethanol extract regarding its virucidal capacity against avipoxvirus (APV) inoculated in chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos (CAM). Eggs inoculated with virus and 2400 µg/dose of propolis, previously incubated for four hours, presented reduction in the pox lesions number (p<0.05) in relation to the positive control, besides reduction in the number of intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies and in the vacuolar degeneration score of epithelial cells from mesoderm CAM. After eight hours of incubation with the virus, the same concentration of propolis completely inactivated APV (p<0.0001) and in concentrations ten times lower (240 g/dose) significantly reduced the pox lesion numbers and the histopathology findings (p<0.05) . This product from bees presented virucidal activity depending on the dose and the incubation time with the virus before the inoculation. Although further research is needed, the activity of green propolis against APV can represent a new approach to virucidal or antiviral drugs development.
Key words: Green propolis, virucidal activity, avipoxvirus, chorioallantoic membrane.
Clarissa C. de Castro, Margarida B. Raffi, Simone E. Salles, Silvia O. Hübner, Camila O. Vilela, Marcos A. Anciuti and Gilberto D. Vargas, Cristina F. Nunes, Geferson Fischer*
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Investigation of the susceptibility of Candida species isolated from denture wearers to different antifungal antibiotics
Ozlem Abaci* and Alev Haliki-Uztan
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the the prevalence of in vitro resistance amongst Candida species isolated from the oral cavity of denture wearers. The in vitro susceptibility of 156 Candida isolates to amphotericin B, fluconazole, 5- fluorocytosine, caspofungin and terbinafine was determined. The Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute’ (CLSI; formally National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) broth microdilution method was used and MIC50 and MIC90 determined. Candida albicans, the most frequently isolated strains, are sensitive to amphotericin (61%) and fluconazole (44%), frequently used agents in the treatment of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. A 100% susceptibility to 5- fluorocytosine was observed among the 109 isolates of C. albicans. Among non C. albicans strains only 1 Candida kefyr strain was determined as susceptible dependent upon dose for 5-fluorocytosine. Among Candida glabrata, the second most common isolate, a 100% susceptibility to caspofungin and 5-fluorocytosine were observed. Since the isolates are sensitive to Caspofungin and 5-fluorocytosine, rarely used in the treatment of oral fungal infections, it is suggested that these antifungal agents be used as alternative medicine in the treatment of oral infections especially caused by strains resistant to amphotericin B and fluconazole.
Key words: Candida species, antifungal, denture wearers.
Alev Haliki-Uztan, Ozlem Abaci*
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