ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A recombinant E0 gene of bovine viral diarrhea virus protects against challenge with bovine viral diarrhea virus of sika deer
Yugang Gao1, Yajun Wang2, Rui Du1, Quankai Wang1, Pengju Zhang3*, Shuzhi Wang1 and Lianxue Zhang1*
1College of Traditional Material Medicine, Jinlin Agriculture University, ChangChun 130118, P. R. China.
2College of Horticulture, Jinlin Agriculture University, ChangChun130118, P. R. China.
3School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
Eukaryotic expression plasmid (PVAX 1/E0) of E0 gene was constructed from an isolated strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) from sika deer and transfected into the BHK-21 cells to detect E0 gene transcription expression level and protein expression level. It was found that E0 gene could express in BHK-21 cells by RT-PCR and ELESA results. The humoral and cellular immune response levels were detected in rabbits immunized with PAVX1/E0 and inactivated vaccine by ELESA technology, which reached the peak after 42 days immunization and PVAX1/E0 immune rabbits could produce specific higher cells immune responses level in comparison to inactivated vaccine group. This is the first report demonstrating and “immunogenicity” of BVDV E0 gene on “sika deer”, indicating a new vaccine target for BVDV.
Key words: Sika deer, bovine viral diarrhea virus, E0 gene, eukaryotic expression, immune response.
Pengju Zhang*, Yajun Wang, Yugang Gao, Rui Du, Quankai Wang, Shuzhi Wang and Lianxue Zhang*
Research Article
Does borna disease virus (BDV) have a role in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia?
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Does borna disease virus (BDV) have a role in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia?
Karakose A. R.1, Yuksel P.1, Turan N.2, Ziver T. 1, Sariba S.1, Nihat Alpay3, Balcioglu I.4, Aslan M.1, Helps C. R.5, Yilmaz H.2 and Kocazeybek B.1*
1Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Basic Science Building, Floor 2, Fatih, İstanbul, Turkey.
2Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
3T. C. Health Ministry, Bakirkoy Mental Health (Ruh ve Sinir) Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
4Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
5Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, United Kingdom.
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
In human, certain serological and molecular trials estimated an association between psychiatric diseases, particularly schizophrenia, mood disorders and borna disease virus (BDV). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether BDV has association with etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. A total of 207 patients who were diagnosed with residual schizophrenia and 51 patient control grop with 134 healthy control group were included in the study. RNA of borna disease virus (BDV p24 and p40) in the peripheral blood was investigated by using real-time RT-PCR. A highly significant difference was detected between patient and healthy control group cases in terms of BDV IgG seropositivity (p<0.001). The OD value of IgG positivity was established as significantly high in the patient group compared to patient control group in the age groups of 35-50 and 51-65 (p<0.001). No significant differences were detected in other groups. The OD value of IgG positivity was established as significantly high in the patient group compared to healthy control group in the age groups of 35-50 and 51-65 (p<0.001). BDV-RNA (p24 and p40) was not detected in those 102 cases having BDV-IgG seropositivity.
Key words: Borna disease virus, schizophrenia, ELISA.
Helps C. R, Nihat Alpay, Balcioglu I, Sariba S, Karakose A. R, Aslan M, Yilmaz H and Kocazeybek B*, Turan N, Yuksel P, Ziver T
Research Article
A new cost-effective staining method for rapid identification of Cryptococcus
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A new cost-effective staining method for rapid identification of Cryptococcus
Rugen Wan, Maofeng Wang*, Sheng Zhao, Guogang Li, Yangxiao Zhou, Jiajun Li and Jinkan Du
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital (Dongyang People’s Hospital) of Wenzhou Medical College, Dongyang, Zhejiang, 322100, P. R. China.
Accepted 23 January, 2019
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal disease that usually presents as an opportunist infection in immunocompromised hosts, and Cryptococcus neoformans is the major opportunistic pathogen of cryptococcosis. Rapid diagnosis of C. neoformans and other opportunistic Cryptococcus pathogens is required to meet the clinical need for immediate treatment. Historically, negative staining with India ink has been used to identify Cryptococcus. Another staining method utilizes Alcian blue, a dye that reacts selectively with C. neoformans, but not other Cryptococcus species. To overcome these limitations, we developed a new staining method for rapid identification of Cryptococcus using a novel, patent pending staining reagent for clinical laboratory diagnosis. Cryptococci stained with this new reagent can be conveniently counted directly via bench-top light microscopy. We also compared our novel stain with India ink and Alcian blue. Our results demonstrated that the new staining technique was superior to India ink stain for the rapid identification of Cryptococcus in clinical (and clinically mimicking) samples. Our stable and cost-effective staining reagent specifically stained Cryptococcus, highlighting its clinical applicability, particularly in developing countries due to its low cost.
Key words: Cryptococcus, cryptococcosis, specific staining, India ink staining, rapid identification.
Maofeng Wang*, Sheng Zhao, Rugen Wan, Guogang Li, Jiajun Li and Jinkan Du, Yangxiao Zhou
Review
A note on hierarchy evolutionary game
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-003, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
A note on hierarchy evolutionary game
Xiao-xing Liu
School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R., China. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Stochastic evolutionary game dynamics in hierarchy are very popular in economics and in management sciences. This study extends the model of stochastic evolutionary game dynamics. This paper highlights hierarchy selection model and we show that the hierarchy selection games are more stable without structures in this paper. Furthermore, an example in industrial organization is given to rationally explain the theory in this work.
Key words: Fitness, fixation probability, invasion, game theory, economics, hierarchy, evolutionary game.
Xiao-xing Liu
Research Article
Production and characterization of cellulolytic enzymes by Pleurotus florida
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Production and characterization of cellulolytic enzymes by Pleurotus florida
Meenakshi Goyal* and Giridhar Soni
Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana- 141004, Punjab, India.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Three Pleurotus spp., Pleurotus florida, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus sajar-caju, were screened for cellulolytic enzyme production under submerged fermentation conditions. Of these, P. florida, was studied for optimizing medium composition, incubation period, initial pH and incubation temperature to maximize cellulolytic enzyme production. Malt extract at 0.5%, 12 day of incubation period and 1% CMC as carbon source supported maximum production of cellulases. The optimum temperature and pH for maximum production of enzymes were 35 to 40°C and 5.0 for exo-and endoglucanases and 30°C and 4.5 for b- glucosidase.
Key words: Endoglucanase, exoglucanase, fermentation conditions, b-glucosidase, medium composition.
Giridhar Soni, Meenakshi Goyal*
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Alteration of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in the liver and serum level of HBV DNA in chronic hepatitis B patients after interferon treatment
Zheng Rui-dan*, Su Ya-yong, Lu Yan-hui, Meng Jia-rong and Zhang Min-feng
Research and Therapy Center for Liver Diseases, Dongnan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Zhang Zhou 363000, Fujian, China
Accepted 09 January, 2019
Abstract
To investigate the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in the liver and serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients before and after interferon (IFN) treatment, a total of 51 CHB patients were recruited and treated with IFN- 1b for 6 months. The expressions of ICAM-1 and serum HBV DNA were determined at baseline and after 6-month treatment by using immunohistochemistry and real time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression of ICAM-1 in the patients with moderate to severe CHB was markedly higher that that in mild CHB patients (P<0.05) at baseline and after 6-month treatment. Furthermore, IFN treatment could dramatically decrease the ICAM-1 expression among patients with moderate to severe chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (P<0.05). However, the expression of ICAM-1 was relatively stable in patients with mild CHB even after 6-month treatment (P>0.05). In addition, there was a positive correlation between serum level of HBV DNA loads and ICAM-1 expression on hepatocytes in CHB patients, among patients with higher ICAM-1 expression (++, +++, ++++), the serum level of HBV DNA was markedly lowered by IFN- 1b treatment (P<0.05), which was not observed in patients only mildly positive for ICAM -1 (+) . The results indicate that IFN treatment can down-regulate the expression of ICAM-1 in the liver of CHB patients and promote the clearance of HBV, which was more obvious in patients with higher ICAM-1 expression.
Key words: Interferon, hepatitis B, intercellular adhesion molecule-1.
Lu Yan-hui, Zheng Rui-dan*, Meng Jia-rong and Zhang Min-feng, Su Ya-yong