ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antimicrobial activities of the whole plant of Cestrum nocturnum against pathogenic microorganisms
Murad Ali Khan1*, Humaira Inayat2,3, Haroon Khan4,5, Mohammmad Saeed4, Ikhtair Khan3 and Inayat-Ur-Rahman2
1Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.
2Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Jamrud Road, Peshawar, Pakistan.
3Department of Chemistry University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
4Department of Pharmacy University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
5Gandhara College o f Pharmacy, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Accepted 22 January, 2019
Abstract
The crude methanol extract of the whole plant of Cestrum nocturnum L. (Solanaceae) and its subsequent fractions were tested against various bacterial and fungal strains. With the exception of Salmonella typhi, the tested samples showed marked antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aurous, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Shigella flexenari. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 19 to 280 µg/ml. The crude extract and fractions were also susceptible to Candida species and Microsporium canis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for various fungi ranged from 170 to 290 µg/ml. In phytochemical analysis, the crude form and fractions of plant showed the presence of various phytochemical chemical groups like glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, sterols and tannins. Therefore, the current findings can be attributed to these groups.
Key words: Cestrum nocturnum L., antibacterial, antifungal, phytochemicals.
Haroon Khan, Ikhtair Khan and Inayat-Ur-Rahman, Humaira Inayat, Mohammmad Saeed, Murad Ali Khan*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) for a novel antibiotic
Chen Xiaoxi
Basic Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Binjiang District, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, postcode: 310053, People Replublic of China. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 0086-0571-86613774.
Accepted 05 January, 2019
Abstract
A novel antibiotic had a wide range of antibacterial spectrum. It was very stable to heat and to acid and alkali. In addition, the effects of storage on the antibiotic had not been observed even after it had been placed in a 37°C thermostat for up to four weeks. The MICs for the antibiotic against eleven strains of bacteria had been determined. Also, the determinations of the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) against four bacteria were conducted. The antibiotic-producer (Bacillus subtilis) was no better in tolerating its own antibiotic than all the non BS-producers tested.
Key words: Antibiotic, stability, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs).
Chen Xiaoxi
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-013, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Poly- - hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from domestic wastewater using Enterobacter aerogenes 12Bi strain
Nur Ceyhan1* and Guven Ozdemir2
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mugla University, Mugla-48170, Turkey.
2Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ege University, Izmir-35100, Turkey.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
A strain of poly- -hydroxybutyrate (PHB)-accumulating bacterium was isolated and identified as Enterobacter aerogenes (designated E. aerogenes 12Bi) by using biochemical and phylogenetic characterization. The accumulation of a large amount of granules in its cells cultured in the domestic wastewater medium (DWWM) were showed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). When PHB production by our strain was determined by Hypochlorite method, it was found that PHB production ranged from 16.66 to 96.25% (w/w). The highest PHB yield by our microorganism was up to 96.25% within 18 h in DWWM 5 (supplemented with 100% DWW). This is the first report of the use of DWW for production of PHB by E. aerogenes. The results obtained in the study demonstrated that PHB could be efficiently produced to a high concentration with high productivity by using DWWM as an inexpensive substrate. Thus, it can contribute to the reduction of high production cost of PHB.
Key words: Poly- -hydroxybutyrate (PHB), bioplastics, domestic wastewater, Enterobacter aerogenes, biochemical identification, phylogenetic identification.
Guven Ozdemir, Nur Ceyhan*
Page: 1 - 13
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and associated risk factors for bacteriuria in diabetic women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Eligius F. Lyamuya1, Sabrina John Moyo 1*, Ewaldo V. Komba2 and Martin Haule1
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
2Department of Internal medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Accepted 18 January, 2019
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur frequently among women with diabetes. The present study aimed at determining prevalence and risk factors of bacteriuria in diabetic women and antimicrobial resistance pattern of the isolates at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Dar es Salaam. Three hundred diabetic women attending clinic at MNH from June to November 2010 were included in the study. Demographic and clinical information were collected using a structured questionnaire. Urine specimens were collected for urinalysis, microscopy, culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Significant, asymptomatic and symptomatic bacteriuria was found in 13.7% (41/300), 13.4% (31/231), and 14.5% (10/69) diabetic women, respectively. The isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (39.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.0%), coagulase negative Staphylococci (14.65) and Proteus spp. (12.2%). Both Gram positive and negative bacteria showed high rate of resistance towards co-trimoxazole (55.6% and 50.0%, respectively). Gram negative bacteria showed high rate of resistance to ampicillin (62.55%), penicillin (53.1%) and moderate resistance to cefotaxime (18.8%). Advanced age and glycosuria were significantly associated with bacteriuria (P < 0.05). E. coli was the commonest aetiological agent for both symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria among diabetic women, especially those with advanced age and glycosuria. Most uropathogens were resistant to co-trimoxazole, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin.
Key words: Diabetes mellitus, bacteriuria, antimicrobial resistance.
Eligius F. Lyamuya, Sabrina John Moyo*, Ewaldo V. Komba and Martin Haule
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-010, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Cloning, codon-optimized expression and homology modeling of structural protein VP1 from foot and mouth disease virus
Xin-sheng Liu, Yong-lu Wang*, Yong-guang Zhang, Yu-zhen Fang, Li Pan, Jian-liang Lü, Peng Zhou, Zhong-wang Zhang, Cheng Qi-wei, Gang Wang, Ji-wei Wang, Hui Lou and Shou-tian Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046,China.
Accepted 17 January, 2019
Abstract
Structural protein VP1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the most frequently studied protein due to its significant roles in virus attachment, protective immunity, and serotype specificity. The coding sequence of VP1was amplified and then identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. To achieve high-level expression of VP1 protein, we optimized VP1 gene base on Escherichia coli preferred codons and synthesized the optimized gene. The synthetical gene was cloned into the fusion expression vector pET-28a and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). After induced with Isopropyl -D-1-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and optimized the conditions of expression, the VP1 fusion protein was highly expressed and identified in inclusion bodies by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Based on the primary and secondary structure analysis of VP1, Three-dimensional structure of VP1 was developed by homology modeling methods. The validation of 3-D structure was done with the help of PROCHECK encompassing amino acid residues in the most favored region of almost all strains. Potential epitopes of VP1 was predicted with different methods. In this study, the VP1 protein was expressed in E. coli efficiently and highly purified VP1 was obtained, which laid a foundation of refolding and further study on activity of the protein. The VP1 model in the productive conformation can now be used for structure-based design purposes as well as structure-function relation of VP1 protein.
Key words: Foot-and-mouth disease virus, VP1 protein, codon optimization, homology modeling.
Yong-guang Zhang, Peng Zhou, Yong-lu Wang*, Zhong-wang Zhang, Gang Wang, Ji-wei Wang, Xin-sheng Liu, Cheng Qi-wei, Hui Lou and Shou-tian Jiang, Yu-zhen Fang, Li Pan, Jian-liang Lü
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Fibrolytic potential of spent compost of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus to degrade forages for ruminants
M. Ayala1, S. S. González-Muñoz2* J. M. Pinos-Rodríguez3, C. Vázquez1, M. Meneses2, O. Loera4 and G. D. Mendoza4
1Facultad de Medicina Veterinariay Zootecnia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México.
2Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Estado de México, México.
3Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México.
4Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidades Iztapalapa and Xochimilco, México City, México.
Accepted 17 January, 2019
Abstract
To evaluate the fibrolytic potential to degrade forages, extracts from spent compost of Agaricus bisporus (SCAB) were evaluated in vitro. Firstly, SCAB was cultivated for 50, 60 and 90 days (culture stage) and enzyme activity was evaluated. The highest cellulase activity was at 60 days; xylanase activity was not affected by culture stage and laccase activity increased as culture stage increased. Secondly, extracts of SCAB cultivated for 60 days were preserved by refrigeration, freezing, freeze-drying, refrigeration + benzoic acid, freezing + benzoic acid, freezing + glycerol, or freezing + benzoic acid-glycerol and then fibrolytic activity was evaluated. The highest fibrolytic activity was shown by SCAB frozen with addition of either glycerol or benzoic acid, or freeze- dried. Finally, effects of SCAB as an additive to enhance ruminal degradation of alfalfa hay, Taiwan grass, barley straw, and spent compost of A. bisporus were evaluated. Soluble fraction of dry matter of alfalfa and potential degradation of dry matter of Taiwan grass and barley straw were increased by SCAB. It is concluded that SCAB showed a noticeable fibrolytic activity which might increase degradation of forages in the rumen.
Key words: Agaricus bisporus, degradation, fibrolytic enzymes, forages, ruminants.
M. Ayala, O. Loera and G. D. Mendoza, S. S. González-Muñoz* J. M. Pinos-RodrÃguez, M. Meneses, C. Vázquez
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