Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-010, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Predicting the catalytic sites of Streptomyces clavuligerus deacetylcephalosporin c synthase and clavaminate synthase 2

Hong Soon Chin¹*, Khang Wen Goh¹, Kah Cheng Teo¹, Mun Yee Chan¹, Seong Wei Lee² and Lisa Gaik Ai Ong¹

¹Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia.

²Faculty of Agro Industry and Nature Resources, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.

Accepted 11 March, 2019

Abstract

Enzymes categorized under the 2OG-Fe (II) oxygenase superfamily and Taurine catabolism dioxygenase TauD family demonstrated a striking structural conserveness even with low protein sequence homology. It is evident that these enzymes have an architecturally similar to catalytic centre with active ligands lining the reactive pocket. Deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase (DAOCS), isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS), deacetylcephalosporin C synthase (DACS), clavaminate synthase 1 and 2 (CAS1 and 2) are important bacterial enzymes that catalyze the formation of β-lactam antibiotics. With the advancement of protein structural analysis software, it is possible to predict the catalytic sites of protein that shared a structural resemblance. By exploiting the superimposition model of DAOCS-IPNS, DAOCS-CAS1 and IPNS-CAS1, a computational protocol for predicting the catalytic sites of proteins is now made available. This study shows that without the crystallized or NMR structures of DACS and CAS2, the plausible catalytic sites of protein can be forecasted using this structural bioinformatics approach.

Key words: Isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS), deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase (DAOCS), deacetylcephalosporin C synthase (DACS), clavaminate synthase (CAS), 2OG-Fe (II) oxygenase superfamily.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-008, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Survey role of nano structure surface layer in Bacillus cereus strains resistant to antibiotics (Iran-Azzahra Hospital and Esfahan University)

Shila Jalalpour

Lecture of Microbiolog, Islamic Azad University Shahreza Branch, Membership of Young Researchers Club. Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 07 March, 2019

Abstract

The most common surface structures bacteria are monomolecular crystalline arrays of proteinaceous subunits termed surface layers or S-layers. Since S-layer-carrying organisms are ubiquitous in the biosphere and because S-layers represent one of the most abundant cellular proteins, it is now obvious that these metabolically expensive products must provide the organisms with an advantage of selection in very different habitats. S-layers have been associated with a number of possible functions that relate to pathogenicity. S-layers can function as adhesins, enabling the bacterium to adhere to host cell membranes and tissue surfaces in order to colonize and protect bacteria from harmful enzymes and antimicrobial agents or changes in pH. Bacillus cereus is one of nosocomial infections bacteria. B. cereus produces several potential virulence factors such as S-layer. A total of 274 strains were isolated from staff hand and hospital surfaces of Azzahra-hospital during 2005 to 2007 years. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of S-layer proteins extracted from B. cereus strains by using Tris-HCl (pH 8) showed that the S-layer proteins of different strains isolate of staff hands and hospital surfaces had subunit molecular weight of 97-kDa. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed according to antibiotic susceptibility standard disc diffusion agar. All the statistical analyses carried out using SPSS version 14. Chi-square and fisher test used for determination of significance of association. The p≤ 0.05 was considered significant. From 247 bacteria, frequency of B. cereus strains was 9.49%. From 13 isolated B. cereus of, staff hand 11 strain (84/6%) and from 13 isolated B. cereus from hospital surfaces, 1 strain (7/7%) production S-layer. According to the antibiogram result, S-layer non producer strains, in comparison with S-layer producer strains, were more sensitive to antibiotics. The result showed high prevalence of S-layer producer of B. cereus strains in hospital; and this point is due to the increased antibiotic resistance of nosocomial infections.

Key words: S-layer, Bacillus cereus, antibiotic resistant, nosocomial infections.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Dramatic scenario of urogenital Candida albicans in presence of Lactic acid bacteria

Mohammed Sh. Jebur

Institute of Medical Technology, Foundation of Technical Education, Babalmuaathem Square, Baghdad, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: (00964) 416-9844. Fax: (00964) 415-0010.

Accepted 03 March, 2019

Abstract

Yeast infections of the vagina are more prevalence and frequently recurring problem of women. Such infections are caused primarily by Candida albicans and apparently occur when the environmental balance in the-vagina is disturbed. Lactobacillus acidopbilus restricts the growth of pathogenic microorganisms per se displayingwide inhibitory spectrum substances. Fifteen (30%) C. albicans isolates were obtained through 50 vaginal swabs from patients who visited the obstetrics and Gynecology clinic departments of hospitals in Baghdad city during the period of March to July 2010. Local isolates of L. acidophilus was evaluated as antifungal activity against vaginal isolates of C. albicans. Such activity was comprised with common four antifungal agents (Nystatine, Fluconazol, Griseofulvin and Amphotricin B). Susceptibility of C. albicans isolates to L. acidophilus bacteria were determined by means of disc diffusion assay. Results of susceptibility were showed in-vitro that all isolates 15 (100%) sensitive to Nystatine after cultivation on ESDA agar at 37°C for 24 h. Sensitivity of C. albicans to L. acidophilus suspension was less than Nystaine but still high with 13 sensitive isolates (86.6%). Fluconazol and Griseofulvin antifungal agents were showed same susceptibility of 10 sensitive isolates (66.6%) against C. albicans growth, while Amphotricin B had relatively low sensitivity with 7 isolates (46.5%). All results of susceptibility are being detected by the importance of L. acidophilus bacteria in re equilibrium normal flora of vagina that prevent or reduce the chances of vaginal infection especially recurrent vaginal candidiasis (RVC) cases. Also the findings of the study suggest that using of yoghurt as local application can be an important role to reduce or prevent RVC cases, and this can be verify by continuous efforts to make sure of probiotic effects of lactobacilli species.

Key words: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Candida albicans, vaginitis.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-011, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Insights on genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) population from symptomatic citrus tree in Tunisia

Hamdi I.¹, Elleuch A.³, Bessaies N.² and Fakhfakh H.¹*

¹Laboratoire de Génétique moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisie.

²Centre technique d es agrumes, 2010, La Manouba, Ministère de l’agriculture de Tunis.

³Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Laboratoire de biotechnologie Appliquée à l’amélioration des cultures, Tunisie.

Accepted 13 March, 2019

Abstract

Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) variants from cachexia symptomatic citrus tree were subjected to retro-transcription and DNA amplification (RT-PCR), cloning and sequencing. Here we report genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of HSVd Tunisian isolate. Our study revealed obvious polymorphism within Tunisian isolates and high similarity with Japanese variants. Neighbor-joining analysis was carried out on the new HSVd-citrus sequences together with 44 previously described HSVd isolates from citrus and one from grapevine. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Tunisian isolates were clustered into 4 different groups (CVd-IIa, b, and c and grapevine group). Furthermore, the predicted secondary structure was scrutinized to be more understanding on how the nucleotide change affects variable (V) and pathogenicity domain (P).

Key words: Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), citrus, cachexia, phylogeny, secondary structure, Tunisia.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The integrated use of entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana with botanical insecticide, neem against Bemisia tabaci on eggplant

Md. Touhidul Islam¹*, Dzolkhifli Omar¹, M. A. Latif² and Md. Mahbub Morshed¹

¹Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

²Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Accepted 23 March, 2019

Abstract

In a previous experiment, sweetpotato whitefly was found to be difficult to control with either neem or Beauveria bassiana alone. This earlier research also reported that the combined application of neem and B. bassiana increased mortality of whitefly nymphs when both of these products were applied to eggplant foliage; but a higher concentration of neem (more than 0.5%) was slightly toxic for young eggplant. Therefore, the present research was undertaken with these two products in which neem was applied as soil drench and B. bassiana was applied to foliage. Three concentrations of neem- 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0%; and three concentrations of B. bassiana- 10⁶, 10⁷ and 10⁸ conidia/ml were used to investigate the combined efficacy against sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. The results demonstrate that maximum nymph mortality (92.3%) occurred when 1.0% neem was combined with 10⁸ conidia/ml of B. bassiana. The highest (14.3) mortality ratio (N/Bb; mortality caused by neem/mortality caused by B. bassiana) occurred when 1.0% neem was combined with 10⁶ conidia/ml of B. bassiana; and the lowest mortality ratio (5.7) occurred when 0.25% neem was combined with 10⁸ conidia/ml of B. bassiana. The results showed that neem was compatible with B. bassiana; and suggest that soil application of neem along with foliar application of B. bassiana might be useful for the control of B. tabaci.

Key words: Botanical insecticide, compatibility, eggplant, entomopathogenic fungus, integrated pest management (IPM).

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of a new chromogenic selective medium for isolation and enumeration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Hajime Teramura*, Shingo Mizuochi and Hidemasa Kodaka

Nissui Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 1075-2 Hokunanmoro, Yuki, Ibaraki, 307-0036, Japan.

Accepted 08 March, 2019

Abstract

The X-VP agar, chromogenic selective medium for Vibrio parahaemolyticus, was evaluated for inclusivity and exclusivity by using 169 strains including 55 V. parahaemolyticus and compared with Thiosulfate Citrate Bile salt Sucrose (TCBS) and CHROMagar Vibrio media as conventional methods using V. parahaemolyticus inoculated seafood samples. Our results suggested the X-VP agar was useful for isolation and enumeration of V. parahaemolyticus.

Key words: Chromogenic selective agar medium, seafood, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, X-VP agar.