Table of Contents 2019
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Anti-fungal activity of Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A.DC. against several fungi responsible for athlete’s foot
M. N. Somchit1,2*, Y. Adam2, H. C. Yee1, A. Zuraini1, A. K. Arifah3 and Z. A. Zakaria1
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
2Sports Academy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
3Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Accepted 23 January, 2019
Abstract
The body normally hosts a variety of saprotrophic micro-organisms that may cause infection. Athlete©s foot causes scaling, flaking and itching of the affected skin. Blisters and cracked skin may also occur, leading to exposed raw tissue, pain, swelling and inflammation. Secondary bacterial infection can accompany the fungal infection. This work examined the anti-fungal activity of Ardisia crispa (AC) against common fungi that cause Athlete’s foot and several other pathogenic fungi. The antimicrobial activity of water, ethanol and chloroform extracts of AC was tested against fungal strains using the disc diffusion method. This antimicrobial activity was compared to standard antifungal drugs (griseofulvin, fluconazole and itraconazole). Results revealed that chloroform extract of AC had potent anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 40051 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 40004 which are the two most commonly cause of Athlete’s foot. Moderate activity was observed against Candida albicans ATCC 14053, Candida tropicalis ATCC 14056, Microsporum canis (clinical isolates and identified at the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia) and Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 14109. The ethanol extract only had mild activity against the Candidia spp and the water extract was devoid of any activity. The anti-fungal activity of chloroform extract was statistically more potent than griseofulvin but less potent than fluconazole and itraconazole. Findings from current study support the use of AC in traditional medicine for the treatment of various fungal infections and may potentially be used in the treatment of athlete’s foot.
Key words: Ardisia crispa, anti-fungal, athlete’s foot.
A. Zuraini, H. C. Yee, M. N. Somchit*, A. K. Arifah and Z. A. Zakaria, Y. Adam
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A new recommended disinfectant for dental instruments
Jamileh bigom Taheri1, Mahin Bakhshi1, Sedigheh Bakhtiari1*, Bahare Nazemi2, Fateme Fallah3, Sahand Rezaie5, Hamed Mortazavi1 and Somayyeh Azimi4
1Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
5General Practitioner, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
Enduro hand sanitizer is a new disinfecting agent that has recently been introduced as an effective antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agent. Considering the importance of infection control in dentistry, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of the foam and its ability to disinfect dental surfaces and instruments. An experimental study was designed to evaluate the microbial load of 50 samples which were obtained randomly from dental surfaces and instruments before and after application of the disinfecting foam. All samples were cultured in blood agar and nutrient agar culture media and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Colony count was subsequently performed after an additional 24 h. Furthermore, to evaluate the efficacy of the foam on different bacterial species, a blank disc was coated with foam and approximated with the bacteria. The clear zone around each disc was measured and reported (mm) after 48 h. The significance of differences between the data retrieved before and after applying the foam was determined using the non parametric Chi-square test. None of the species were colonized after the application of the foam. It was also shown to significantly reduce the colonization of resistant bacterial strains and the standard microbial species (P<0.05). Enduro hand sanitizer is an effective disinfectant capable of decontaminating dental instruments to the optimum level.
Key words: Antibacterial, disinfecting agent, dental instrument.
Mahin Bakhshi, Sedigheh Bakhtiari*, Fateme Fallah, Sahand Rezaie, Bahare Nazemi, Hamed Mortazavi and Somayyeh Azimi, Jamileh bigom Taheri
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Optimization of the production of exopolysaccharides by Bacillus thuringiensis 27 in sand biological soil crusts and its bioflocculant activity
Z. R. Wang1.2, J. P. Sheng1, X. L. Tian1, T. T. Wu1, W. Z. Liu1 and L. Shen1*
1College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing100083, China.
2School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
Accepted 03 January, 2019
Abstract
To improve the yield of exopolysaccharides (EPS) by Bacillus thuringiensis 27 from sand biological soil crusts in Gurban Tonggut Desert, Xinjiang, China and to analyze its bioflocculant activity, orthogonal matrix method was used and this method enabled us to obtain maximum EPS production. By studying the optimal medium condition of beef extract 3 g/l, peptone 10 g/l, maltose 40 g/l, and NaCl 4g/l we observed that the optimal medium condition was pH 6.0, incolum size 8%, liquid volume 40 ml in 200 ml flak and temperature 28°C. The maximum EPS production was 20.19 g/l which is about five times more than that at the basal condition. Furthermore, results obtained indicated that the flocculation activity of the extracellular polymer can be achieved at over 80.4% in kaolin suspension and this occurred at a concentration of 0.4 mg/l. This paper describes the optimum condition of exopolysaccharides production by Bacillus thuringiensis 27 and showed that exopolysaccharides had high bioflocculant activity. This work provides a scientific foundation to explore new exopolysaccharides and bioflocculation in sand biological soil crusts. Maximum production of exopolysacchaides under the optimal medium and condition can be achieved and exopolysaccharides have high bioflocculating activity in kaolin system.
Key words: Biological soil crusts, exopolysaccharides, flocculation, optimization, Bacillus.
J. P. Sheng, T. T. Wu, X. L. Tian, W. Z. Liu and L. Shen*, Z. R. Wang
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of anticarcinogenicity effect of Artemia urmiana by Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 strain
Masumeh Abbasi1, Saman Mahdavi2* and Sedigheh Mehrabian3
1Islamic Azad university- Malekan Branch, Iran.
2Islamic Azad university- Maragheh Branch, Iran.
3Department of Biology, Faculty of science, Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 14 February, 2019
Abstract
Free radicals are produced during oxidative metabolism in body and they can attack all components of cells and cause cellular changes and early aging. Antioxidant materials role for balance maintenance in cells has currently attracted more attention. The aim of this study is investing of antimutation effect of Artemia, cyst and decapsulated egg extract by Ames test and Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 strain. These extract prevent reverse mutation caused by carcinogenic materials. In comparison with positive controls (sodium azid, KMno4, cresol) and negative control (distilled water) antimutagenicity properties of Artemia was evaluated and confirmed. In addition, the value of astaxanthin in those extracts was assayed. For quality analysis and separation of astaxanthin, we used thin-layer chromatography (TLC) chromatography and column chromatography, respectively. Then, the presense of astaxanthin in these extracts was confirmed by spectrometer IR test. The results showed that antimutagenicity properties of Artemia urmiana are the same with other salty water Artemia. Antimutagenicity and anticarcinogenicity properties in decapsulated egg, dried Artemia and cyst are 85, 70 and 100%, respectively.
Key words: Ames test, anticarcinogenicity, antioxidant, Artemia urmiana, Salmonella typhimurium TA 100.
Masumeh Abbasi, Saman Mahdavi* and Sedigheh Mehrabian
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Survey of Ascaris lumbricoides among pupils of primary school in Jos south local government area of Plateau State, Nigeria
Dangana A.1,* Abayomi R. O.2, Way G. D.3 and Akobi O. A.4
1Haematology Department, Federal Medical Centre Bida, Niger State, Nigeria.
2Parasitology Department, Federal Medical Centre Bida, Niger State, Nigeria.
3Family Medcine Department Federal Medical Centre Bida, Niger State, Nigeria.
4Medical Microbiology Department Federal Medical Centre Bida, Niger State, Nigeria.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Ascaris lumbricoides was surveyed among pupils of primary schools in Jos south local government. Four schools were visited: National Research Institute Staff Primary School, Rita Primary School, Joseph Primary School and St Andrew Primary School. A total of 471 samples were collected from pupils of these schools and processed using formol-ether concentration technique. Only 1 (0.2%) pupil from St Andrew Primary School was positive for A. lumbricoides. The prevalence of the infection among the age group showed that 1 (0.9%) in the age group (5 to 9) years was positive while the sex distribution showed a prevalence of 1(0.4%) among the male and no positive case was recorded among the females. The overall prevalence of other parasitic infections was 8.3% with hookworm having the highest prevalence of (5.3%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica with (0.6%), and Giardia lamblia (0.5%), while Hymenolepis nana and Taenia species had both a prevalence of (0.2%).
Key word: Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Taenia, prevalence, primary schools, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Dangana A, Way G. D and Akobi O. A, * Abayomi R. O
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation of a bacteriophage against Salmonella Dublin and determination of its physical resistance under varied in vitro conditions
Mudit Chandra1*, Sunita Thakur2, Deepti Narang3 and H. M. Saxena4
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana- 141004, India.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
In the present study a phage against Salmonella Dublin was isolated using agar overlay technique. On physical characterization of the phage (pH, temperature and sun light exposure) it was found that the phage could survive at varied pH conditions with reduction in its numbers. A temperature of above 50°C and direct sunlight beyond 5 days was found to be deleterious for survival of the phage.
Key words: Salmonella, bacteriophage, physical parameters, pH, sunlight.
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Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
Mudit Chandra*, Deepti Narang and H. M. Saxena, Sunita Thakur
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