ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 18 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2024. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibiotic resistance profile of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Dakar, Senegal
Abdoulaye Seck1,2, Abdou Diop2, Babacar Ndiaye2, Chantal Mahou Douala-Djemba2, Thierno Abdoulaye Diallo2.
1Bacteriology-virology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and d’Odonto-stomatology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.
2Medical Biology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Dakar.
Accepted November 24, 2023
Abstract
Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, causative agent of gonorrhea, has emerged in recent years by acquiring resistance to antimicrobials recommended for treatment. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance profile of N. gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Dakar. Methods: This retrospective study involved strains of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from pathological samples of patients received at medical biology laboratory of Pasteur Institute in Dakar. Samples were inoculated on Chocolat PVX and Chocolate+VCN agar plates incubated at 37°C under 5% CO2 for 24-48 hours. Species identification was performed using Api-NHÒ identification gallery. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by E-test method with 0.5 McFarland bacterial suspension prepared from few colonies of pure culture with NaCl 0.85% Medium according to EUCAST 2022 criteria. Results: 41 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated from patients (40 men and one woman). Median age was 38 years and age group most represented was [20-29 years] with 36.6%. Isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, cefixime and gentamycin (100%) and to azyhtromycin (95.1%). However, they were resistant to tetracycline (92.7%) and ciprofloxacin (95.1%). Conclusion: This study revealed third-generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone and cefixime), gentamicin and azyhtromycin are still effective, and are drugs of choice in current recommendations for treatment of gonorrhea.
Key words: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Sexually transmitted infection, Antimicrobial resistance, MIC, Senegal.
Babacar Ndiaye, Abdoulaye Seck, Abdou Diop, Chantal Mahou Douala-Djemba and Thierno Abdoulaye Diallo
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 18 (2), pp. 001-009, February, 2024. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Enhancing thermostable Alkaline Xylanase production from Penicillium oxalicum via solid state fermentation
R. Muthezhilan, R. Ashok and S. Jayalakshmi*
CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, India.
Accepted 20 June, 2023
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were Isolation, identification and characterization of xylanase producing fungi, optimization of medium composition and cultural conditions for xylanase enzyme production, production using cheaper sources and extraction and partial purification of extra cellular xylanase enzyme from a potential strain. Xylan has a complex structure consisting of -1, 4-linked xylose residues in the backbone to which short side chains of o- acetyl, -L-arabinofuranosyl, D - - glucuronic and phenolic acid residues are attached. A variety of microorganisms are reported to produce endo xylanases, that can degrade -1,4-xylan in a random fashion, yielding a series of linear and branched oligosaccharide fragments. Totally 69 strains were isolated from Pitchavaram mangroves. In secondary screening, based on the diameter of the clear zone formation in oat spelt xylan agar plates, Penicillium oxalicum was selected and optimized for xylanase enzyme production in solid state fermentation using cheaper sources like wheat bran, rice bran, rice straw, sesame oil cake and wood husk. Maximum enzyme activity was observed in wheat bran. (3.89 U/ml) Optimum pH and temperature for xylanase activity were found to be 8 and 45°C at 3% salt concentration. In purification step, 80% ammonium sulphate saturation was found to be suitable giving maximum xylanase activity. The use of wheat bran as a major carbon source is particularly valuable because oat spelt xylan or birch wood xylan are more expensive, Thus the present study proved that the fungal strain P. oxalicum used is highly potential and useful for industrial production.
Key words: Xylanases, solid state fermentation, fungi, optimization, purification.
R. Ashok and S. Jayalakshmi*, R. Muthezhilan
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Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756, Vol. 18 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2024. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Exploring New Discoveries about Bovine Papillomavirus
Freitas, A. C.*, Silva M. A. R., Jesus, A. L. S., Mariz, F. C., Cordeiro, M. N., Albuquerque, B. M. F. and Batista, M. V. A
Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Accepted 22 November, 2024
Abstract
Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) are double-stranded DNA viruses that infect the cutaneous and mucosal epithelia inducing hyperplasic lesions in cattle. BPV is the etiologic agent of the papillomatosis and neoplasia of the upper gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder. The benign and malignant tumors caused by BPV are emergent diseases important for beef and dairy cattle in the world. Although BPV associated tumors have veterinary and agricultural relevance, they have also been studied as a relevant model of human papillomavirus (HPV). Recent studies in BPV biology have shown a great diversity of BPV types and new putative BPV types infecting and co-infecting the herd in several parts of the world. This review will briefly summarize the genomes and structure of BPV and the bovine papillomatosis; will describe in greater detail the genotypic diversity, BPV cross-species infection, relevant aspects of BPV and co-infection and its possible routes of transmission. These new approaches about BPV may be very useful to understand the oncogenic potential of the virus, the relationship between virus and co-factors, and the development of anti-viral vaccines.
Key words: Bovine papillomavirus, co-infection, virus transmission, BPV diversity.
M. N., A. L. S., Albuquerque , A. C.*, M. V. A, Freitas , Jesus , F. C., Mariz , Silva M. A. R., B. M. F. and Batista, Cordeiro
Page: 1 - 9
Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756, Vol. 18 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2024. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Mastoiditis in Children: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge
Halit Özkaya, Abdullah Bariş Akcan* and Gökhan Aydemir
Department of Pediatrics, Gata Haydarpasa Teaching Hospital, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey.
Accepted 24 November, 2023
Abstract
Mastoiditis is an infection of mastoid process, the portion of the temporal bone of the skull which is behind the ear and contains open air-containing spaces. With possible extra cranial and intracranial complications, acute mastoiditis is the leading complication of acute otitis media (AOM). The goal of this review was to assess the clinical features, pathogens, complications and management of acute and chronic mastoiditis. Retrospective systematic review of studies and articles on acute and chronic mastoiditis between 1983 and 2010 in pubmed, include clinical, epidemiological, microbiological, treatment and outcome data. In 10 studies, the average age was 16, ranging from 6 months to 70 years, with 55% from 0 to 5 years. Most common symptom was otalgia (84 %), 58% of patients had history of past AOM and 61% were under antibiotic therapy during admission. 74% presented with retroauricular swelling and erythema, 58% had a displaced pinna. In general, the prevalence of organisms causing mastoiditis varies greatly between studies, among countries and according to the age of the patient. Reported pathogens were as follows: Streptococcus pneumoniae, most frequently isolated pathogen in acute mastoiditis, prevalence of approximately 25% Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium species, Aspergillus fumigatus and other fungi, Nocardia asteroides. Extension of the infectious process beyond the mastoid system can lead to a variety of intracranial and extracranial complications, including meningitis, cerebral abscess, epidural, subdural and intraparenchymal abscesses, vascular thrombosis, osteomyelitis, and abscesses deep within the neck. Permanent damage of the ear leads to hearing loss, vertigo and sometimes facial weakness. The Cochrane review found that antibiotic treatment of otitis media may play an important role in reducing the risk of mastoiditis in populations where it is more common. Despite the use of antibiotics, acute mastoiditis still remains a threat to patients with AOM, especially children under 5 years of age. On the basis of the clinical features and imaging findings, the disease is managed conservatively with intravenously administered antibiotics or treated with mastoidectomy and drainage plus antibiotic therapy. Great care is required by clinicians to make an early diagnosis in order to promote adequate management and prevent complications.
Key words: Mastoiditis, otitis media, childhood.
Halit Özkaya, Abdullah Bariş Akcan, Gökhan Aydemir
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Research Article
K. Rajagopal, G. Kathiravan* and S. Karthikeyan
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Research Article
Yolanda A. Casali, Silvia G. Correa and Blas Micalizzi, Roberto C. Davicino, Renzo F. Martino*, MarÃa A. Mattar
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