ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Nutritional improvement of an Egyptian breed of mung bean by probiotic lactobacilli
Ashraf A. Khalil
Protein Technology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Mubarak City for Scientific Research, Alexandria, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel/Fax: +202 222 0262.
Accepted 24 October, 2005
Abstract
Germination and/or fermentation processes for Egyptian breeds of mung seeds were carried out with three Lactobacillus strains namely, L. reuteri, L. case, and L. heleviticus. Results revealed increase in protein content, nitrogen solubility and in vitro digestibility for all treated mung meals. Treated mung proteins contained most of the essential amino acids in concentrations comparable to those recommended by the FAO/WHO, with the exception of the sulphur-containing amino acids. Trypsin inhibitor units (TIU) and phytate content of untreated MB were 6.98 TIU/mg dry sample and 5.61 mg phytate/g dry sample, respectively. Fermentation treatments were effective in decreasing the phytate content as well as reducing trypsin inhibitor activity, while L. casei was the most efficient probiotic culture in reducing those antinutritional factors. The combined treatment of germination and lactic fermentation utilizing Lactobacillus species is recommended process for enhancing the nutritional quality of legume protein.
Key words: Mung bean, protein extract, Lactobacillus, fermentation, germination, nutritive value.
Ashraf A. Khalil
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Activity enhancement of ligninolytic enzymes of Trametes versicolor with bagasse powder
Sk Masud Hossain1* and N. Anantharaman2
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Kilakarai 623 806, India.
2Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli 620 015, India.
Accepted 4 November, 2005
Abstract
Suspended cultures of white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor, supplemented with bagasse powder showed a concentration dependent enhancement in the ligninolytic enzymes activity in liquid shake cultures. 2% (w/v) bagasse powder improved greater stability to the enzymes. The optimum pH is 3.5 and the optimum temperature is 40°C for maximum lignonolytic enzymatic activity. The optimum shaking speed is 60 rpm for maximum enzymatic activity. The maximum enzymatic activity showed by T. versicolor is 495, 440 and 410 mmol/ml.min for LiP, MnP and laccase with bagasse powder at optimum conditions, respectively. Without bagasse powder at optimum conditions, the maximum enzymatic activity for LiP, MnP and laccase is 195, 150 and 170 mmol/ml.min, respectively.
Key words: Bagasse, enhancement, enzymes, optimum, white-rot fungus.
Sk Masud Hossain*, N. Anantharaman
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Study on the Modified triphenyl tetrazolium chloride–dehydrogenase activity (TTC-DHA) Method in Determination of bioactivity in the up-flow aerated bio-activated carbon filter
Qing Tian *, Jihua Chen*, Hua Zhang* and Yunan Xiao*
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, West Yan’an Road 1882, Shanghai (200051), P.R. China.
Accepted 24 November, 2005
Abstract
The study applied triphenyl tetrazolium chloride-dehydrogenase activity (TTC-DHA) method to detect the activities of attached biofilm on bio-activated carbon (BAC) samples in the up-flow aerated biological activated carbon filter (UABACF) treating textile secondary effluent. Modification to the conventional TTC-DHA determination method was proposed. In the modification, BAC samples were used directly to measure TTC-DHA without pre-separating the attached biofilm from carbon samples. After modification, the mean values of biofilm TTC-DHA activities for the BAC samples at different heights of the biofilter were 25 to 193 times higher than those measured in conventional way. In addition, the microbial activity distribution related more closely to substrate removal along the height of the reactor after modification. The results indicated that high activity of the bacteria that are firmly fixed on the porous surface of the media would be ignored during pre-separation of the attached biofilm from media surface. The study also indicated the influence of granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption on the bio-activity of attached biofilm. GAC adsorption was favorable in the improvement of the activities within the biofilter, especially when the attached films were destroyed. The modification of TTC-DHA determination method made this technique more convenient and accurate in activity measurement of biofilm fixed on porous surface structured activated carbon.
Key words: Up-flow, aerated bio-filter, BAC, TTC-DHA, bioactivity.
Hua Zhang* and Yunan Xiao*, Qing Tian *, Jihua Chen*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Activities of invertase and cellulase as influenced by the application of tridemorph and captan to groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) soil
M. Srinivasulu and V. Rangaswamy*
Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur -515 003, Andhrapradesh, India.
Accepted 20 September, 2005
Abstract
A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of selected fungicides, tridemorph and captan, at concentrations ranging from 0 to10 kg ha-1 on the activity of invertase and cellulase in a vertisol. The activities of invertase and cellulase were significantly more at tridemorph and captan levels of 2.5 and 5.0 kg ha-1, respectively. But at higher concentrations of 7.5 and 10 kg ha-1respectively, tridemorph and captan were toxic to both cellulase and invertase activities. In soil samples receiving 2.5-5.0 kg ha-1 of the fungcides, the accumulation of reducing sugar was pronounced more at 20 days, and the activity of the invertase and cellulase was drastically decreased with increasing period of incubation up to 30 and 40 days.
Key words: Fungicides, invertase, cellulase, groundnut, Arachis hypogaea.
M. Srinivasulu, V. Rangaswamy*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Flower pigment analysis of Melastoma malabathricum
Janna O A1*, Khairul A1, Maziah M2 and Mohd Y2
1Department of Microbiology and 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Accepted 8 November, 2005
Abstract
Anthocyanin is among the permitted pigments that can be used for food colourant and having been considered a potential replacement for synthetic dyes. The objective of this study is to analyse the colour pigment, anthocyanin, that can be detected in flower and their stability in extracted form. All the analysed results will be used in the next study for the production of new food colouring material. From the observation, it shows that S3 flower developmental stage contains the highest anthocyanin concentration. Simple linear regression method was used to find the significant level correlating the anthocyanin concentration and storage time. Throughout the whole experiments, the extracted anthocyanin contents are quite stable. The graphs show a small degradation rate in the anthocyanin total concentration, except for the extracts that were exposed to the light where the degradation level reached more than 50%. At different pH values, the anthocyanin concentration decreased and the colour faded at higher pH. Extracts that were stored at high temperatures (31°C) showed higher degradation levels compared to the one kept at lower temperatures (25°C). From the study we find that the suitable storage condition for coloured anthocyanin pigments is in acidic solution (pH 0.5 and 1.0) kept in the dark and at low temperature (4°C).
Key words: Anthocyanin, colourant, pigment, Melastoma malabathricum.
Khairul A, Janna O A*, Maziah M and Mohd Y
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Degradation of anthracene: Influence of adsorbents from inorganic activation
Owabor C. N.* and Saniyo E.
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Accepted 15 September, 2005
Abstract
The use of rice and melon husks in their raw, carbonized (at 400°C and 600°C) and activated (using 10%, v/v orthophosphoric acid) form to catalyze the degradation of anthracene in sandy soil was investigated. Rice husk carbonized at 600°C and activated was found to be a better adsorbent than melon husk under same condition. After five weeks of degradation experiment the anthracene reduced from an initial concentration of 5000 to 1009.7 and 1200.2 µg/g soil for rice and melon husks, respectively, while the control reduced to 2671.0 µg/g soil. Result of the batch degradation process of anthracene was found to follow first order heterogeneous kinetics with rice husk carbonized at 600°C and activated having the fastest reaction rate constant of 0.0018 h-1 followed by melon husk with 0.0016 h-1 while the control had 0.0009 h-1.The regression coefficients obtained from the analysis of the experimental data used to test the order of reaction were greater than 88% showing a good reliability of the data obtained.
Key words: Degradation, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, anthracene, rice husk, melon husk.
Saniyo E., Owabor C. N.*
Page: 1 - 10