International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN: 2169-3048 Vol. 5 (5), pp. 702-710, May, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of media, varieties and their interaction on callus induction and plant regeneration in bread wheat

Ahmed M. Bidouane^1,3, Brahim Rhissassi², Fouzia Lahlafi³, and Simone Ohayon¹*

¹Biotechnology Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Avenue de la Victoire, B.P. 415, Rabat, Morocco.

²ICARDA-INRA Cooperative Research Project, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), B.P. 6299, Rabat, Morocco.

³Laboratoire d‟agrophysiologie et de culture in vitro Ibn Tofail University, Faculty of Sciences, BP: 133, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 27 April, 2016

Abstract

A study was conducted at Biotechnology Research Unit of National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA), Morocco during the year 2013. In this study, the effects of media, varieties and their interaction on callus induction and plant regeneration in bread wheat obtained from immature and mature embryos, used as explants, were studied. Four Moroccan bread wheat varieties ‘Achtar’, ‘Arréhane’, ‘Marchouch’ and ‘Mehdia’ and five induction and maintenance media (M1 to M5) were used to study effects of genotype and medium on embryogenic callus induction and plantlets regeneration. A significant effect of variety, medium and variety × medium interaction was observed for callus induction and regeneration from both immature and mature embryo explants. With respect to plantlets regeneration, the induction and maintenance media used for callus induction had a significant effect on plantlets regeneration (p<0.001). M1 (60.44%) and M4 (52.55%) showed higher plantlets regeneration rates from immature embryos and M3 (58.23%) for plantlets regeneration rates from mature embryos. The plantlets regeneration varied significantly depending on the varieties and the induction media used. Using immature embryos, the favorable medium was M1 for the varieties ‘Arréhane’ and ‘Mehdia’, whereas, M1 and M3 for ‘Achtar’ and M4 medium was favorable for ‘Marchouch’. For the mature embryos, the favorable medium was M3 for the varieties ‘Achtar’, ‘Arréhane’ and ‘Mehdia’, whereas M4 was the favorable medium for ‘Marchouch’ variety. These media will be used for embryogenic callus induction from mature and immature embryos and for genetic transformation.

Key words: Bread wheat, immature embryos, mature embryos, regeneration, somatic embryogenesis.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN: 2169-3048 Vol. 5 (4), pp. 697-701, April,2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of different storage temperatures on the viabilities change of probiotics in the fish feed

Owunmi D. Amstrong¹*, Diedeji Atamu², Orhomedia E. H.¹ and Aruoture Destiny²

¹Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P. M. B. 12729, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.

²Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, P.M.B. 2013, Yaba, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 11 March, 2016

Abstract

The viability change of the probiotic organisms on the feed was analysed at 5 days interval for a period of 25 days to observe the effect of different storage temperatures on the viabilities change of probiotics (Lactobacillus brevis1, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus2) in the feed. The aim of this research was to study the survival of the probiotics during storage. Feed was sprayed with a suspension of 3.2 × 10⁸ CFU/ml of probiotics and the viability of the cultured organisms was tested under 4 different temperatures (room temperature (22°C), 0, 4, and 8°C). After spraying, feed was kept at 37°C for 24 h and dried at room temperature prior to the test. The results demonstrated that a refrigeration temperature of 0°C led to highest viability of the organisms but the feed were subjected to chemical damage during freeze-thaw which invariably cause death of some of those organisms. Hence, fish feed incorporated with probiotic should be stored at 4°C. Organisms could not withstand room temperature for more than 15 days after which the viability of the organisms began to drop. Temperature is being considered as a critical factor influencing probiotic viability and survival during storage period.

Key words: Lactobacillus brevis1, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus2, probiotics, storage temperature, viability.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN: 2169-3048 Vol. 5 (4), pp. 689-696, April, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Identification of leaf rust resistance genes in selected ten Egyptian bread wheat cultivars

Mohamed C. Sharif¹*, Boutros Hamama², Atef Ali Barakat² and Kamal O. Amar¹

¹Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cairo, Egypt.

²Department of Wheat Diseases, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 4 March, 2016

Abstract 

Breeding for resistance is an efficient strategy to manage wheat leaf rust (Lr) caused by Puccinia triticina f. sp. tritici. However, a prerequisite for the directed use of Lr genes in breeding and detection of new races virulent is a detailed knowledge on these genes present in wheat cultivars. Molecular markers are ideal for the identification of resistance genes in wheat genotypes with unknown genetic background. Therefore, molecular markers were conducted using specific SSR primers to screen ten out of fifteen Egyptian wheat cultivars which exhibited high resistance against P. triticina f. sp. tritici in four locations (Dakahlia, Kafr el-Sheikh, Beheira and Sharqia) during seasons 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. The obtained results showed that Lr9 was present in two cultivars namely Sids-12 and Sids-13, while Lr25 was found in all ten tested cultivars except Gemmeiza-11 cultivar. Lr28 was found in five cultivars, that is, Giza-168, Sids-12, Misr-2, Sakha-94 and Misr-1. On the other hand, Lr25, Lr29 and Lr67 genes were detected in all tested cultivars. Thus, the uses of molecular markers facilitate the incorporation of the major leaf rust resistance genes (Lr genes) responsible for resistance into new cultivars and the pyramiding of these genes. Further suggestion shows that the amplification of specific PCR products is an easy and repeatable method, which will be useful in automating the detection of resistance genes in released wheat breeding lines.

Key words: Wheat, leaf rust, Puccinia triticina, wheat cultivars, resistance genes, molecular markers.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN: 2169-3048 Vol. 5 (3), pp. 675-688, March, 2016. © International Scholars Journals 

Full Length Research Paper

Identification of rice hybrids and their parental lines using total soluble protein and fertility restorer gene markers

Naguib Mubarak¹*, Akhenaten Sawiris², Gamal ElBaradei³ and  Omar Faten Hamama³

¹Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.

²Rice Research and Training Centre, Agricultural Research Center, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.

³Laser Applications in Biotechnology and Agriculture, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Egypt.

E-mail:  [email protected]

Accepted 23 February, 2016

Abstract

For identification of rice hybrids and their parental lines, thirty populations produced from hybridization between a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line (IR69625A), and each of the three restorer lines (Giza178R, Giza181R and Giza182R) during 2009, 2010 and 2011 seasons were used. Electrophoresis of proteins showed promising results in genetic purity determination of hybrids and parental lines. The presence or absence of a specific band was much useful for differentiating the highest from the lowest parents in restoring ability. Five markers linked to fertility restorer genes: M2, RM3425, RM258, RM1108 and RM5373 were screened on DNA templates from the CMS line and its three restorer lines. Only RM1108 marker was able to show polymorphism between the highest and lowest Giza181R parents. This marker could be assessed for identification and testing of seed genetic purity of restorer lines.

Key words: Hybrid rice, genetic purity, SDS-PAGE, fertility restorer genes.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN: 2169-3048 Vol. 5 (3), pp. 670-674, March, 2016. © International Scholars Journals 

Full Length Research Paper

Determination of callus induction of the artichoke and optimization of callus producing culture

Pierre Reza Shan*, Mir-Hossein Banisadr Nasr and Abolhassan Malek-Yonan

University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 13 February, 2016

Abstract

In the present research, the effects of different culture media and hormone concentrations on the callus production of different organs of the artichoke were investigated. The obtained seedlings were transferred to half-strength MS medium. Only non-contaminated seedlings were used for preparation of root, leaf and petiole explants. The SH, MS and B5 media containing 0.8% agar, 3% sucrose and 0, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 (mg/l) 2,4-D were used for callus induction. The samples were kept in 25±2°C and at dark conditions. No callus formation was observed in hormone free medium. The experiment was performed based on a completely randomized plan and in 3 replications. According to the results, it was found that the values of callus formation and callus dry mass (dry weight) were statistically different (α<0.05) among various media. So, the highest callus formation was observed in leaf explants which was planted in B5 medium containing 1 (mg/l) 2,4-D. Callus dry mass in the petiole explant in the B5 medium with supplemented 0.5 (mg/l) concentration of hormone was significantly higher than that of the other media.

Key words: Artichoke, explant, 2,4-D, culture media, callus induction.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN: 2169-3048 Vol. 5 (3), pp. 665-669, March,2016.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence of multidrug resistant asymptomatic bacteriuria from pregnant and non-pregnant women in the Erode district

Kalam Tagore Bachchan¹* and Srinivasa Sen Ramanujan²

¹Department of Microbiology, Sree Amman Arts and Science College, Erode-638102, Tamil Nadu, India.

²Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem-636011, Tamil Nadu, India.

E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 28 February, 2016

Abstract

Asymptomatic bacteriurias (ASB) during pregnancy are among the commonest health problems world-wide, especially in developing countries, including India. In this view, the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of multidrug resistant asymptomatic bacteriuria from pregnant and non-pregnant women in the Erode district. A total of 35 were positive for significant bacteriuria. It was noted that asymptomatic bacteriuria were high in pregnant women as compared to non-pregnant women. Out of 35 positive samples, highest prevalence of bacteriuria was observed in pregnant women (10) than in non-pregnant women (4) within the 24-28 years age group. Microscopic examination of urine samples revealed the presence of 25 leukocytes, 18 erythrocytes, 22 epithelial cells, 14 crystal and 2 yeast cells respectively. Effect of pathogenic bacteria on ASB was studied and it was found that Escherichia coli cause the highest percentage of infection (42.85%) in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women (11.42%). The isolated ASB showed resistance to tetracycline (80%), chloramphenicol (71%) and ampicillin (65%), and was sensitive to nitrofurantoin (11%), amikacin (13%) and cefotizoxime (16%).

Key words: Asymptomatic bacteriurias, pregnancy, infection.