International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 9 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Studies on lysine production by Bacillus megaterium

I. A. Ekwealor¹* and J. A. N. Obeta²

¹Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Anambra State Nigeria.

²Department of Microbiology University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 May, 2020

Abstract

A Lysine-producing strain recovered from soil was found to produce large amount of the amino acid. The bacterium identified as Bacillus megaterium SP 14 accumulated a lysine yield of 3.56 mg/ml in a broth culture in 96 h. Fermentation experiments show that 8.0% (w/v) glucose and 4.0% (w/v) ammonium chloride used as sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively, in a medium/fermenter volume ratio of 25.0%, influenced accumulation of the amino acid. Amino acids other than the aspartate family at 0.01% (w/v) stimulated growth and improved lysine yield. Addition of 0.01 unit/ml penicillin to the fermentation medium, immediately after inoculation, stimulated growth and appreciably enhanced lysine accumulation.

Key words: Lysine, amino acid, Bacillus megaterium, fermentation, penicillin.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 9 (7), pp. 001-005, July, 2020.© International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effect of the interaction of various spawn grains with different culture medium on carpophore dry weights and stipe and pileus diameters of Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) Singer

Nwanze PI^1*, Khan AU², Ameh JB³ and Umoh VJ⁴

¹Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Igbinedion University,Okada, P.M.B. 0006, Edo State, Nigeria.

²Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State,Nigeria.

³Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State,Nigeria.

⁴Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State,Nigeria.

Accepted 14 April, 2020

Abstract

Lentinus squarrosulus, an indigenous mushroom specie commonly found growing on dead logs in the Zaria environ of Kaduna State was cultured on six different medium which were inoculated separately with three different spawn grains and amended with six different oils at five different rates. The interaction of spawn grains x culture medium had a highly significant effect on carpophore dry weight and stipe and pileus diameters of L. squarrosulus. The results reveal that the interaction of millet spawn x animal bedding and rice medium induced the widest stipe diameter while the interaction of corn spawn x animal bedding and rice medium induced the heaviest carpophore dry weight as well as the widest pileus diameter.

Key words: Lentinus squarrosulus, spawn grain, carpophore production, non-composted culture medium, polypropylene heat resistant bags, flushes, stipe and pileus diameter, fruiting bodies.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 9 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

The effects of the interaction of various oil types and rates on the mycelial wet and dry weights in submerged liquid cultures

Nwanze PI^1*, Khan AU², Ameh JB³ AND Umoh VJ⁴

¹Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Igbinedion University, Okada, P.M.B. 0006, Edo State, Nigeria.

²Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Kaduna State, Nigeria.

³Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Kaduna State, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Accepted 19 May, 2020

Abstract

Lentinus squarrosulus and Psathyrella atroumbonata, two edible indigenous mushroom species, were cultured in various different media supplemented with coconut, cotton, groundnut, butterfat, palm kernel and palm oil respectively, at 5 different rates. The interaction of the various oil types with different rates produced highly significant differences (p<0.01) in the mean mycelial wet and dry weights. The heaviest mean wet and dry mycelial weight of L. squarrosulus was induced by butterfat x 0.007 ml/ml while for P. atroumbonata it was cotton and coconut x 0.003 ml/ml, respectively.

Key words: Lentinus squarrosulus, Psathyrella atroumbonata, supplemented medium, submerged liquid medium, oil type and rate.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 9 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genetic diversity of Mayetiola destructor and Mayetiola hordei (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) by inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs)

Maha Mezghani Khemakhem¹, Mohamed Marrakchi¹ and Hanem Makni^1,2*

¹Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 El Manar, Tunisie.

²Institut Supérieur de l’Animation pour la Jeunesse et la Culture de Bir El Bey. Tunisie.

Accepted 11 April, 2020

Abstract

Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) polymorphism was used to reveal genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships within and between three haplotypes of Mayetiola species. A set of 14 ISSR primers were screened representing di-, tri, tetra and penta-nucleotide repeats out of which 10 generated scorable bands and three were able to distinguish one of three haplotypes. The consensus tree constructed using binary data from banding patterns generated by ISSR-PCR clustered the two Mayetiola species according to their mitochondrial haplotype. Moreover, genetic diversity estimated by the coefficient of variation indicates a high intra and inter-haplotypes polymorphism. Our results indicate that ISSR can be useful as DNA-based molecular markers for studying genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Mayetiola haplotypes.

Keywords: Genetic diversity, ISSR markers, Mayetiola, haplotypes.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 9 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Transient expression of β-glucuronidase gene in indica and japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus cultures after different stages of co-bombardment

M. Ramesh¹* and Aditya K Gupta²

¹Dept. of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630003, India.

²Dept.of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625021, India.

Accepted 14 April, 2020

Abstract

Rapidly growing embryogenic calli of different ages derived from the scutellum of mature seed embryos of indica rice (Rasi) and mature seeds of japonica rice (Taipei 309) was biolistically transformed. Plasmid pUCGUS containing the uidA gene encoding β-glucuronidase was used to optimize transformation conditions using various combinations of helium pressure, target distance and gap distance. Plasmid pHX4 carrying hygromycin phosphotransferase ( hph) gene and pUCGUS was used for co bombardment. Resistant calli were selected in the presence of hygromycin B. Successful co-transfer of DNAs to cells was monitored by analyzing transient gus expression 24 h after bombardment and 24 days after selection. Maximum level of gus expression was observed if calli were selected for transformation after 44 days in maintenance medium. Maximum callus transformation frequency of 37.5 was observed for Taipei 309 as compared to 24.2 for indica rice cv. Rasi.

Key words: Particle bombardment, rice, embryogenic calli, gus assay, hygromycin selection.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-010, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A comparative study of molecular and morphological methods of describing genetic relationships in traditional Ethiopian highland maize

Yoseph Beyene*, Anna-Maria Botha and Alexander A. Myburg

Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.

Accepted 14 March 2020

Abstract

The comparison of different methods of estimating the genetic diversity could define their usefulness in plant breeding and conservation programs. In this study, a total of 15 morphological traits, eight AFLP-primer combinations and 20 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were used (i) to study the morphological and genetic diversity among 62 selected highland maize accessions, (ii) to assess the level of correlation between phenotypic and genetic distances, and (iii) to classify the accessions into groups based on molecular profiles and morphological traits. The analysis of variance of the morphological data revealed significant differences among accessions for all measured traits. The mean morphological dissimilarity (0.3 with a range of 0.1-0.68) was low in comparison to dissimilarity calculated using SSR markers (0.49 with a range 0.27-0.63) and AFLP markers (0.57 with a range 0.32-0.69). The correlation between the morphological dissimilarity matrix and the matrices of genetic dissimilarity based on SSR and AFLP markers was 0.43 and 0.39, respectively (p = 0.001). The correlation between SSRs and AFLPs dissimilarity matrices was 0.67 (p = 0.001) . This congruence indicates that both marker systems are equally suited for genetic diversity study of maize accessions. Cluster analysis of morphological and marker distances revealed three groups of maize accessions with distinctive genetic profiles and morphological traits. This information will be useful for collections, conservation and various breeding programs in the highlands of Ethiopia.

Key words: AFLP, correlation, phenotypic diversity, SSR.