International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Hereditary diversity qualities among SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA Bunge and related species utilizing morphological characteristics and RAPD markers

*Bingbing Ming-Na Wen, Zedong Jintao and Bruce Xiaoping

Department of Biomathematics, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

Accepted 06 September, 2018

Abstract

Genetic diversity within SALVIA is the key to the genetic improvement of the medicine plant SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA. In the current study, morphological and molecular characteristics were studied in 18 taxa of SALVIA. A coefficient of variation was based on 18 morphological traits ranging from 17.56 to 115.04%. Among 70 random primers examined, 27 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers produced 248 extending and repeatable bands, of which 207 bands (83.47%) were polymorphic. All of the data revealed abundant genetic diversity in the genus of SALVIA. 18 taxa were clustered into five groups based on the morphological markers or four groups based on RAPD markers. The results showed that there was slighter genetic diversity and narrower genetic backgrounds at the intra-specific level, and that we can easily distinguish S. MILTIORRHIZA from the rest of SALVIA species by two ways. The differences of the two dendrograms might be introduced by many reasons, such as the gene expression, environment, and gene introgressions. However, Mantel’s test indicated correction (r = 0.483) of morphological traits and RAPD markers.

Key words: Cluster analysis, genetic diversity, morphological, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Salvia.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The development of the atoms of deoxy-hemoglobin in sickle cell Anaemia: A numerical prospective

*Franklin Ronald, Richard Nixon and Abraham Woodrow

Department of Biomathematics, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Phoenix, Tempe, Arizona.

Accepted 21 August, 2018

Abstract

In this paper, the Langevin equation is used to solve hemoglobin aggregation in patients of sickle cell anaemia. The resulting second order nonlinear differential equation is solved to obtain a sigmoid deformation behavior. The deformation and the absorbance satisfy the Verhulst Model of the first order which is well- known in population dynamics. A time-dependent general expression is obtained for the coefficient of viscosity and the elastic modulus that characterize the aggregation of the sickle hemoglobins. Finally, the use of a Taylor second order approximation showed the viscoelastic and the elasto-thixotropic properties of the sickle hemoglobins polymer.

Key words: Deoxy- hemoglobin S, red blood cells polymerization, shear rate, viscoelastics, thixotropy, population dynamics, absorbance.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-010, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Pulp antioxidant activities, mineral substance and juice dietary properties of Algerian Clementine Cultivars and Mandarin

*Ferhat Toas Abbas, Mohammed H. Djamah and Assia F. Mouloud

Department of Biomathematics, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Batna, Algeria

Accepted 11 November, 2018

Abstract

Six cultivars of Clementine fruits including ‘Cadoux’, ‘Monreal‘, ‘St Martin’, ‘Merme’, ’Cheylard’, ’Rocamora’ and one mandarin fruit cultivar were chemically analysed for their juice characteristics (water content, pH, acidity, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid). Ascorbic acid content varied from 35.98 to 69.41 mg/100 ml, Mandarin variety showed the highest value, whereas Clementine St Martin cultivar was the lowest. Lyophilized citrus pulps were analysed for mineral contents and bioactive compounds. Mineral analysis showed that all the fruit pulps were good sources of K, Fe, and Na. Statistical differences among the citrus pulps were established for the contents of phenols, flavonoids and carotenoids, the quantification of bioactive compounds revealed distinct contents amongst the analysed materials. Phenolic and flavonoid contents presented a value between 3108.78 and 4046.20 mg gallic acid/100 g dw and between 946.42 and 1281.98 mg Catechin/100 g dw respectively and in both cases the highest amount was found in Merme cv. and the lowest in St Martin cv. whereas for carotenoid contents, the amount varied from 38.31 to 75.14 mg β-carotene/100g dw and Mandarin was the richest fruit. All citrus fruit pulps exhibited 1,1-di-phenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DDPH) scavenging capacity, and reducing power in a concentration-dependent manner, the Merme cv. being the most active one and the St Martin cv. was the weakest. Our results indicate that the Merme cv. was outranking with regard to the contents of phenolic and flavonoid, DPPH and reducing power activity while St Martin exhibited the lowest amounts and the weakest antioxidant activity.

Key words: Clementine fruit, Mandarin, antioxidant activity, bioactive compounds, ascorbic acid, minerals.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Production and characterization of flour produced from ripe “apem” plantain ( Musa sapientum L. var. paradisiacal; French horn) grown in Ghana

H. D. Zakpaa, E. E. Mak-Mensah and J. Adubofour

Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana.

Accepted 16 December, 2018

Abstract

The importation and processing of wheat grain into flour by economies like Ghana does constitute an enormous economic drain. To remedy this situation, FAO of the United Nations launched its Compost Flour Programme, which aimed to formulate flour mixtures consisting mainly of indigenous raw materials and raw wheat to a lesser extent. The production of plantain baked products, instant breakfast meals and baby food formulation have been proven to be technically feasible with powder from both ripe and unripe fruit. Further, the production of plantain powder and processing of the flour into baked goods could reduce the cost of the plantain baked products and would also reduce dependence on imported wheat and increase self-sufficiency in food. In this investigation, proximate and mineral analyses and some functional properties of ripe Musa sapientum L. powder were analyzed. The powder contained 3.14% moisture, 2.68% protein, 2.68% ash, 0.334% fat, 91.16% carbohydrate and 1603.09 KJ of energy. Bulk density was 0.76 gmL^-1, water-binding capacity of 71.0 g/100g, solubility of 18.87% and swelling power of 5.237 gg^-1. Mineral content per 100 g was analyzed to be 1.125 g sodium, 0.297 mg phosphorus, 2.900 g iron, 0.419 g calcium and 435.200 g potassium.

Key words: Plantain, Musa sapientum, French horn, food product development, flour, proximate analysis, functional properties, Ghana.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 879-882, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of the effect of oils on exopolysaccharides and biomass production of Schizophyllum commune

Krishna Bolla*, Syed Zeenat Shaheen, Kandukuri Vasu and M. A. Singara Charya

Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal – 506 009, Andhra Pradesh, India.

*Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Mobile: +919949857949

Accepted 20 August, 2018

Abstract

The effect of oils (olive, castor and peppermint) addition at different concentrations on the cell growth and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) in a submerged culture of Schizophyllum commune was determined. The highest cell growth (8.2 g.dr.w/l) was observed on the 14^th day of incubation in medium containing 1% of the olive oil. EPS production was slightly enhanced by olive oil and castor oil, but significantly inhibited by peppermint oil. Mycelial growth was increased with the oils used at different concentrations, except 1% at 7 and 14 days of incubation. Amongst the three oil sources examined, the highest EPS production was observed in medium with 0.5% castor oil after 7 days of incubation.

Key words: Schizophyllum commune, exopolysaccharides, submerged culture, oil.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 876-878, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Effect of methanolic extract of Garcinia kola in cis-platin- induced renal insufficiency in rats

Okoko Tebekeme¹ and Awhin Ejiro Prosper²

¹Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemical Sciences, Niger Delta University. P. M. B. 71, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

²Department of Medical Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 14 March, 2018

Abstract

The effect of Garcinia kola extract on cisplatin-induced renal insufficiency in rats was studied. A total of fifteen rats were used for the study and were split into three groups of five rats per group. Rats in group I were normal controls. Renal insufficiency was induced in rats of groups II and III by a single intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin (5 mg/kg b.w.). After three days, rats in group III received a daily dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. of the extract orally for another seven days. Renal insufficiency was later assessed by serum urea, serum creatinine and urine protein levels. The results showed that the levels of the measured parameters which were elevated as a result of the cisplatin administration were brought to near normal levels by the G. kola seed extract. This indicates that G. kola possessed significant potentials of ameliorating mild kidney insufficiency induced by the anticancer drug, cisplatin.

Key words: Garcinia kola, cisplatin, renal insufficiency, urea, creatinine.