ISSN 2169-3048
Research Article
International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 883-891, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of the morphological distinctions between the Microcystis morphospecies isolated from the same reservoir
Soumaya El Herry1, Hichem Nasri1,2 and Noureddine Bouaïcha1*
1Laboratoire Santé Publique-Environnement, 5, Rue J.B. Clément, Université Paris-Sud 11, UFR de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
2Institut de Biologie, Centre Universitaire d’El Taref, Algeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 33 1 46 83 58 91. Fax: 33 1 46 83 57 32.
Accepted 17 July, 2018
Abstract
The toxic potential, morphological characteristics and sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the amplified 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were investigated in three Microcystis morphospecies (MCYS-LB01, -LB02 and -LB03) isolated from Lebna dam in Tunisia, and compared to the reference strain Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 and different known Microcystis species described in the literature. Based on their morphology, morphospecies MCYS-LB01 and -LB02 were assigned to Microcystis aeruginosa and morphospecies MCYS -LB03 to Microcystis wesenbergii. The phylogenic tree based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that these three morphospecies are indistinguishable from each other, from the reference strain PCC 7806 and from many other known Microcystis species and, therefore, this tree did not necessarily correlate to the distinctions between morphospecies. Furthermore, when using PCR amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA spacer region of these three morphospecies of Microcystis, a similar pattern type was obtained, even though they had been assigned to two distinct morphospecies on the basis of their morphological characteristics. This implies that some of the morphological distinctions between the Microcystis morphospecies isolated from the same reservoir must be viewed as intraspecific or phenotypic variations.
Key words: Cyanobacteria, Microcystis, 16S rRNA, ITS, RFLP, Microcystins.
Soumaya El Herry, Hichem Nasri and Noureddine Bouaïcha*
Page: 883 - 891
Research Article
International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 869-875, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of the protective effects of betaine administration against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats
B. Ganesan1,2, R. Rajesh1,3 , R. Anandan 2,* and N. Dhandapani1,4
1Vinayaka Mission University, Ariyanoor, Salem-636308, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri (PO), Cochin-682029, India.
3Quality Assurance and Management Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri (PO), Cochin- 682029, India.
4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.V.S College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sulur, Coimbatore-641402, India.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Tel: +91-484-2666845. Fax: +91 484-2668212.
Accepted 11 July, 2018
Abstract
The protective effect of betaine administration on changes in the levels of protein, glycoproteins and amino acids was studied in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats as an animal model of myocardial infarction in man. Oral pre-treatment with betaine significantly (P<0.05) attenuated the isoprenaline-induced rise in the levels of troponin-T and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). Oral supplementation of betaine also significantly (P<0.05) counteracted the isoprenaline-induced alterations in the levels of amino acids (taurine, aspartate, glutamate, arginine, hydroxy proline and homocysteine), protein content, glycoprotein components (hexose and hexosamine) and lipid peroxidation in the heart tissue and maintained their levels comparable to that of control animals. The results indicated that the overall cardioprotective effect of betaine was probably related to its ability to strengthen the myocardial membrane by its membrane stabilizing action or to a counteraction of free radicals by its antioxidant property.
Key words: Betaine, myocardial infarction, isoprenaline, glycoproteins, lipid peroxidation.
B. Ganesan, R. Rajesh, R. Anandan* and N. Dhandapani
Page: 869 - 875
Research Article
International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 858-868, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessment of biochemical classification of two -mannosidases from breadfruit
Amedée Pascal Ahi1, Jean Tia Gonnety1, Betty Meuwiah Faulet1, Lucien Patrice Kouamé1 and Sébastien Niamké2*.
1Laboratoire de Biochimie et Technologie des Aliments de l’Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments de l’Université d’Abobo-Adjamé, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire.
2Laboratoire de Biotechnologies, Filière Biochimie-Microbiologie de l’Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Biosciences de l’Université de Cocody-Abidjan, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Fax: (225) 20 37 81 18. Tel : (225) 07 84 64 09.
Accepted 13 January, 2018
Abstract
The importance of -mannosidases in glycoproteins processing and their application in food and pharmaceutical industry led us to further explore plant -mannosidases. Thus, two -mannosidases were purified from matured breadfruit (Artocarpus communis) seeds, by successive chromatography on Diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose CL-6B and Sephacryl S-200 HR to apparent homogeneity. The two isoenzymes named Ma and Mb had native molecular weights of approximately 75 and 60 kDa, respectively. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of these -mannosidases resolved a single protein band with molecular weights estimated to be 75 kDa for isoform Ma and 61 kDa for Mb. Breadfruit -mannosidases had optima pH (5.6) and temperature (60°C), and appeared to be stable in presence of some detergents such as Hexansulfonic acid sodium salt, Polyoxyethylen-9-lauryl ether, Nonidet P40, Triton X-100 as well as Ca2+ and Zn2+. The effect of -mannosidase inhibitors on the two isoenzymes showed that swainsonine and 1,4- dideoxy-1,4-imino mannitol at 0.01 mM totally inhibited their hydrolytic activity, while kifunensine and deoxymannojirimycin at the same concentration had no effect on these enzymes. Substrate specificity tests revealed that the enzymes exerted only -mannosidase activity and cleaved - (1,2); -(1,3) and -(1,6) linked mannobiose. Since breadfruit seed -mannosidases were sensitive to furanose transition state analogs such as swainsonine and 1,4- dideoxy- 1,4- imino mannitol and showed broad substrate specificity, these enzymes would belong to class II -mannosidases.
Key words:-mannosidases, Artocarpus communis, breadfruit, purification, characterization.
Jean Tia Gonnety, Betty Meuwiah Faulet, Lucien Patrice Kouamé and Sébastien Niamké*, Amedée Pascal Ahi
Page: 858 - 868
Research Article
International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 7 (7), pp. 842-846, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of the biochemical hepatic effect of the lavudine combination used in a national anti-retroviral drug treatment centre
Akande A. A1*, Olaosebikan O. F1, Jimoh A. K1, Abdulazeez1, 2Olawumi H. O
1Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, PMB 1459, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
2Department of Hematology and Blood transfusion Services, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, PMB 1459, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 11 April, 2017
Abstract
Hepatic toxicity is a common complication of anti-retroviral treatment in HIV patients, usually indicated or heralded by the elevation of liver transaminases measured in the blood. There had been reported evidence of hepatic toxicity in all the three currently approved classes of anti-retroviral drugs. However, its severity in some cases may warrant stoppage of the treatment. This study assessed the hepato-toxicity among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy with lavudine in a drug treatment centre in Nigeria. Liver function test (LFT) results of patients treated with lavudine (lamivudne, stavudine and nevirapine) antiretroviral drug was collated and analyzed initially as baseline data and later over a period of three months after treatment with lavudine for liver enzymes assessment. Sixty three (63) subjects in all were analyzed, 28 males and 35 females (M: F = 0.8:1) . The results showed that there was a non-significant (p>0.45) decrease in the serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase of the pretreatment LFT compared with the LFT after three months of treatment with lavudine. The levels of serum total protein and albumin showed a concomitant but non-significant (p>0.20) decrease over the same period. Antiretroviral treatment with lavudine may be associated with hepatic enzymes induction but not toxicity at least in the short run, however hepatic function test should be monitored every month for the first three months after starting a new drug regimen and followed by once in six month subsequently for a year.
Key words: Lavudine, hepatotoxicity, treatment centre, HIV /AIDS patient.
Abdulazeez and Olawumi H. O, Jimoh A. K, Akande A. A*, Olaosebikan O. F
Page: 842 - 846
Research Article
International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 853-857, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of alcohol toxicity and alcohol induced adverse effects in rats
Damodara Reddy. V, Saayi Krushna G, Padmavathi P and Varadacharyulu. N.Ch*
Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur - 515 003, India.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel. +91 8554 -255761(0) / 273337 (R). Fax : +91 8554 -255244.
Accepted 11 April, 2018
Abstract
Alcohol is widely abused as a psychoactive drug. Emblica officinalis is known for its therapeutic effects and the present study is aimed at investigating therapeutic efficacy of aqueous extract of Emblica officinalis (AEEO) against alcohol-induced damage. Thirty three percent (v/v) alcohol (10 g/kg body weight) and AEEO (250 mg/kg body weight/day) was orally administered once a day for 60 days. Chronic alcohol feeding resulted in higher activities of the alcoholic plasma marker enzyme gamma glutamyl transferase ( GT) and abnormalities in plasma lipid and lipoproteins, minerals as well as activities of plasma transaminases (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Chronic alcohol administration significantly lowered the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in erythrocytes. The AEEO supplementation to chronically alcohol fed rats beneficially modulated plasma lipids and lipoprotein patterns, minerals, and vitamin C and also corrected zigzags in plasma enzyme activities and improved antioxidant and defense enzyme machinery status. However, AEEO supplementation resulted in a significant increase in GSH content and the activities of SOD, CAT and GPx. AEEO can contribute to the alleviation of alcohol induced adverse effects by enhancing the status of antioxidant defense system and by regulating lipid and mineral metabolism.
Key words: Alcohol; Antioxidant enzymes; Emblica officinalis; Lipid profile.
Damodara Reddy. V, Saayi Krushna G, Padmavathi P and Varadacharyulu. N.Ch*
Page: 853 - 857
Research Article
International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 7 (5), pp. 810-814, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of the interactive roles of lead and other selected mineral elements in type-2 diabetes mellitus
Babalola O. O1*, Ojo L. O2 and Akinleye A.O2
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife Nigeria.
2Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +2348037143321
Accepted 10 July, 2018
Abstract
The study investigated the status of lead and selected mineral elements (copper, zinc and chromium) in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients, so as to establish the possible interactive connections of these metals with the disease and with each other in diabetic patients. Thirty-one patients (15 male and 16 female), clinically diagnosed for type-2 Diabetes mellitus at Sacred Heart Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria, participated in the study. Twenty-six apparently healthy individuals (14 male and 12 female) served as control group. Blood samples of all the subjects were collected after an overnight fasting for the determination of blood glucose, lead, zinc, copper and chromium. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was determined by glucose oxidase-peroxidase assay to confirm the status of the patients and the controls while metals’ concentrations were measured with Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The mean FBS concentrations of the diabetic group were significantly higher (p<0.05, p<0.05 respectively) than those of the control group. Similarly, the mean blood lead levels of the diabetic male and female patients were 49.40 ± 14.36 and 46.30 ± 15.22 µg/dL respectively and significantly higher (p<0.05, p<0.05respectivelly) than those of control males and females (38.07 ± 14.00 and 35.51 ± 13.00 µg/dL respectively). Additionally, a positive relationship was observed between the concentrations of FBS and lead (r = 0.393; p<0.01). These findings in this study revealed that lead has an interactive connection with type 2 diabetes mellitus while zinc, copper and chromium have no such significant relationships with the disease.
Key words: Diabetes mellitus, lead, fasting blood sugar, trace elements.
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International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 7 (5), pp. 810-814, May, 2018. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals |
Babalola O. O*, Ojo L. O and Akinleye A.O
Page: 810 - 814